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Advantages of Magnesium
Magnesium alloy properties can provide a casting designer with several advantages as an engineering material over
other lightweight alloys.
WeightThe lightest of all structural
metals, magnesium preserves the light
weight of a design without sacrificing
strength and rigidity (Fig. 1). This benefit
is important when portability is a key
element of the product design, such as
with chainsaws, pneumatic nailers, circular saws, luggage, laptop computers and
cellular phones. Automobiles and other
transportation equipment continue to take
advantage of magnesiums low density in
expanding application areas ranging from
under-hood and driveline uses found
in engine brackets and transfer cases to
numerous interior parts, such as steering
column components, pedal brackets, instrument panel supports and seating.
Damping CapacityMagnesium
is unique among metals because of
its ability to absorb energy. Increased
vibration absorption capacity provides
for quieter operation of equipment
when magnesium castings are used for
housings and enclosures.
Dimensional StabilityAnnealing, artificial-aging or stress-relieving treatments
normally are not necessary to achieve
2006 CASTING SOURCE DIRECTORY
Unit
AZ91
AM60
AM50
AM20
AS41
AS21
AE42
MPa
240
(250)
225
(240)
210
(230)
190
(210)
215
(240)
175
(220)
230
(230)
MPa
160
(160)
130
(130)
125
(125)
90
(90)
140
(140)
110
(120)
145
(145)
MPa
160
130
125
90
140
110
145
3
(7)
8
(13)
10
(15)
12
(20)
6
(15)
9
(13)
10
(11)
GPa
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
GPa
Fracture Elongation
Brinell Hardness
Impact Strength
Charpy un-notched test bars
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
70
65
60
45
60
55
60
6
(9)
17
(18)
18
(18)
18
(18)
4
(16)
5
(12)
5
(12)
Note: Values in parentheses show mean property values obtained from separately diecast test bars.
Table 2. Typical Physical Properties of Magnesium
Property
Density
Unit
g/cu cm
Liquidus Temperature
Incipient Melting
Temperature
Linear Thermal
Expansion Coefficient
m/m
AM60
AM50
AM20
AS41
1.81
1.8
1.77
1.75
1.77
1,110
1,139
1,148
1,182
1,144
AS21 AE42
1.76
1.79
1,169 1,157
26
26
26
26
26.1
26.1
26.1
370
370
370
370
370
370
370
Specific Heat
kJ/kg*K
68
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
1.02
Thermal Conductivity
W/K*m
68
51
61
65
94
68
84
84
Electrical Conductivity
MS/m
68
6.6
nm
9.1
13.1
nm
10.8
11.7
41
42
Casting Processes
Along with magnesiums multiple alloys, the material can be cast by a variety
of methods, including high-pressure
diecasting, permanent mold casting, sand
casting, semi-solid and squeeze casting.
Different alloys may be specified for these
different processes, but in cases where the
same alloy is used with different casting
processes, the properties of the finished
castings will depend on the method.
The most prevalent casting method for
magnesium is diecasting. In this process,
complex, thin-walled parts are produced
at high production rates aided by the lowheat content per volume of molten metal.
Both hot chamber and cold chamber machines currently are used for magnesium.
For optimum performance, it is recommended that higher shot speeds are used
for magnesium compared to aluminum,
especially for thin-walled parts. Diecasting process variants (such as vacuum
diecasting) can produce components with
lower porosity and better properties than
standard diecasting.
Magnesium also is conducive to using
semi-solid casting methods, typically with
magnesium alloy granules or partially
solidified alloys rather than liquid magnesium. Semi-solid molding commonly is
used for smaller parts, such as those used
in the electronics industry.
Design Considerations
43