Exercises (Objective questions)

1.

The diagram shows a type of human blood cell.

A
B

What is the main function of this cell?

To transport carbon dioxide
To produce antibodies

2.

The diagram shows the circulatory system of a fish.

What is organ P?
Heart

3.

The diagram shows a type of circulatory system in a vertebrate.

A
B
C
D

What type of circulatory system is shown?

Open circulatory system
Closed circulatory system
Single and closed circulatory system
Double and closed circulatory system

Lungs

C
D

To transport oxygen
To produce antitoxins

Gills

Skin

4.

The diagram shows a longitudinal section of a heart and the blood vessels associated with the heart.
Which of the blood vessels, A, B, C or D, carries blood from the lungs?

5.
I
A

Which of the following substances are transported in the haemolymph?

Glucose
II
Oxygen
III Lipids
II and III only
B
I, II and IV only
C
I, III and IV only

IV
D

Urea
II, III and IV only

6.

The following information is about the mechanism of blood clotting.

P
Prothrombin is converted into thrombin
Q Meshwork of the fibres is formed
R Thrombokinase is released
S
Fibrinogen is converted into fibrin
T
Platelets disintegrate
Which of the following sequences is correct?
PQRTS
B
RPTSQ
C
TPRQS

TRPSQ

7.
A

Which of the following blood vessels carries blood with high oxygen content?
Pulmonary vein
B
Pulmonary artery
C
Vena cara

Cononary artery

8.

The diagram shows a condition related to blood clotting.

The condition shown is

Arteriosclerosis
B

Agglutination

Cardiac arrest

9.

The diagram shows the formation of body fluid.

I
A

Which of the following substances can be found in X?

Carbon dioxide
II
Hormones
III
I, II and III only
B
I, III and IV only
C

Amino acids
II, III and IV only

IV
D

Leucocytes
I, II, III and IV

10.
A

Which substances is found in the blood plasma but not in the interstitial fluid?
Granulocytes
B
Lymphocytes
C
Plasma protein

Urea

11.

The diagram shows the concentration of antibodies in the blood of two individuals, X and Y, after two
injections were given.

Thrombosis

A
B
C
D

What type of immunity in given to X and Y?

X
Y
Artificial active
Artificial passive
Natural active
Artificial passive
Artificial passive
Artificial active
Natural passive
Natural active

A
B

A patients body is stimulated to produce antibodies after receiving an injection, this type of immunity
obtained is known as
Natural passive immunity
C
Natural active immunity
Artificial passive immunity
D
Artificial active immunity

13.

The diagram shows a cross section of a young dicotyledonous stem.

What is X?
Phloem

14.

The diagram shows a cross section of a young dicotyledonus root.

12.

Xylem

Cambium

Cortex

Which of the labelled parts A, B, C or D will be stained red if the root is immersed in a beaker of red ink?
15.

The diagram shows bark ringing done on a woody stem.

Which of the following observations, A, B, C and D, may be observed after one month?

16.

An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of water loss from a plant. The light intensity, relative
humidity and temperature factors were kept constant. Which of the following graphs A, B, C or D, is
correct?

17.

Four leaves, P, Q, R and S from the same plant were plucked and the following treatments were carried
out by applying oil to the leaves surfaces.

Leaf
P
Q
R
S

Surface(s) applied with oil

Upper
Lower
Upper and lower
None

Which of the following observations may be expected after one hour?

Leaf
P
No change
Slightly wilted
Wilted
Wilted

A
B
C
D
18.
A
B
C
D

Q
Slightly wilted
Wilted
Extremely wilted
Slightly wilted

R
Wilted
Extremely wilted
No change
No change

S
Extremely wilted
No change
Slightly wilted
Extremely wilted
-1

A potted balsam plant is found to have a transpiration rate of 0.4 mm s . Which of the following factors
-1
decreases the rate of transpiration to 0.3 mm s ?
Putting the plant under a moving fan.
Pouring more soil into the pot.
Putting the plant away from sunlight.
Putting the plant in an open area.

Subjective Questions (Section A)

1.

Diagram 1.1 shows two types of blood cells.

(a)

Name cells P and Q.

P

Erythrocyte

Leucocyte
[2 marks]

(b)

(i)

State the main function of P.

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues.
[1 mark]

(ii)

State the protein which present in P to enable it to carry put its function as stated in (b) (i).
Haemoglobin
[1 mark]

(c)

Explain how P carries out its main function.

The whole of the interior of cell P, erythrocyte, is filled with haemoglobin. Oxygen from the
lungs diffuses into the erythrocytes and combines with the haemoglobin to form
oxyhaemoglobin. Oxygen is carried to the body tissues in the form of oxyhaemoglobin. Upon
Reaching the tissues, oxygen readily detaches itself and diffuses into the body cells.
[3 marks]

(d)

Diagram 1.2 shows cell Q carrying out its function.

(i)

On diagram 1.2, complete the diagram to show the process carried out by cell Q.
[2 marks]

(ii)

Name the process shown.

Phagocytosis
[1 mark]

(iii)

Describe the process mentioned in (d) (ii).

Phagocytosis is carried out by neutrophils, a type of leucocyte. The neutrophil will move
towards a bacterium in an amoebic movement upon coming into contact with the bacterium,
a cup-shaped indentation is formed and the bacterium is taken into a vacuole where it is
digested by lysosomes.

[2 marks]
2.

Diagram 2.1 shows the set-up of an experiment to study the rate of vascular tissue in the transport of
water in plants.

(a)

State the function of Eosin solution.

To colour the xylem tissues
[1 mark]

(b)

If a cross section of the stem is make across XY, draw the observation made.

[2 marks]
(c)

(i)

Name the tissue which is responsible for the movement of water in plants.
Xylem
[1 mark]

(ii)

State the characteristic of the tissue mentioned in (c) (i) to enable it to carry out its function.
Elongated tube which runs continuously from the roots to the leaves.
[1 mark]

(d)

Explain briefly how water movement is brought about in the tissue mentioned in (c) (i).
When water vapour evaporates from the leaves, a transpirational pull is exerted to draw up water
along the xylem vessels. Cohesive forces between the water molecules prevent the water column
in the xylem vessels from breaking. Adhesive forces between the water molecules and the xylem
vessel wall prevent the water molecules from falling back. As a result of these forces, water
mlcs are pulled towards the leaves.

[3 marks]
(e)

Diagram 2.2 shows another set-up of experiment in which the stem of a hibiscus plant is cut and a
capillary tube is connected to the stem with a rubber tubing. Table 1 shows the results obtained after
one day.

Beginning of experiment
End of experiment

Table 1
Water level in capillary tube (cm)
5
15

Based on Table 1, explain the results.

Water molecules from the soil are drawn into the root hairs by osmosis. A force exists to pull the
water from the roots to the xylem vessels. This force is called root pressure, which is responsible
for pushing the water from the roots to the stem. This explains the increase in water level in the
tube after one day.

[3 marks]
Section B (essay questions)
3.

(a)

Diagram 3 shows the formation of interstitial fluid.

Explain how interstitial fluid is formed.

[5 marks]

4.

(b)

One of the functions of the lymphatic system is in the defence of the body against diseases. Explain
the role of the lymphatic system in the third line of defence mechanism.
[5 marks]

(c)

Humans, fish and amphibians have different circulatory systems. Compare and contrast the
circulatory systems.
[10 marks]

(a)

Immunisation is a process taken to promote the bodys immunity against diseases.

Discuss how immunisation can enhance our bodys defence against the following diseases:
Hepatitis B, rabies, polio, tetanus
[12 marks]

(b)

The rate of HIV infection continues to increase rapidly all over the world.
Discuss how the HIV virus affects and cripples the bodys immune system.
[8 marks]

Written Practical
1.

A group of students carried out an experiment to study the effect of air movement on the rate of
transpiration. Diagram 1 shows the set-up of the experiment.

Table 1 shoes the time taken for the air bubble in the capillary tube
to move a distance of 10 cm. the experiment was repeated.

(a)

Record the time taken for the air bubble to move a distance of 10 cm in Table 1.
[3 marks]

(b)

Calculate the rate of transpiration in each set of apparatus in cm/min.

(i) P
(ii) Q
(iii) R
[3 marks]

(c)

Construct a table and record all data collected in the experiment.

[3 marks]

(d)

(i)

Based on the table constructed in (c), state one observation made.

(ii)

Make an inference from the observation in (d) (i).

[3 marks]
[3 marks]
(e)

State the variables of the experiment.

(i) Manipulated variable
(ii) Responding variable
(iii) Fixed variable
[3 marks]

(f)

State how each variable can be implemented or controlled.

(i) Manipulated variable
(ii) Responding variable
(iii) Fixed variable
[3 marks]

(g)

State a hypothesis for the experiment.

[3 marks]

(h)

State an assumption made when carrying out the experiment.

[3 marks]

(i)

If the surfaces of the leaves of the plant in set P are covered with oil, predict the rate of transpiration.
Explain your prediction.
[3 marks]

(j)

State the operational definition of transpiration.

[3 marks]

2.

A student found that the mass of a potted plant decreases faster when the surrounding light intensity is
higher. It is assumed that water vapour evaporates from the leaves faster when the light intensity is higher.
Design an experiment that can be carried out in the laboratory to prove the assumption.
Your experimental planning must include the following aspects:
Aim of investigation
Statement of identified problem
Statement of hypothesis
Variables
List of apparatus and materials
Technique used
Experimental procedure
Collected data
Presentation of data
Conclusion
[17 marks]