1991

..

1991

802.0=801.18:621.31(038)

..

.
*............................................................
3
4

,
..................................................................

, 1991


1200


131
, ,
.

: II7 2 I8 , , -218,
., .1 4 , .1,
.

1-2

-3-

A (au tot ran

a b o hm
ohm)

former)

ABS ( a b s o l u t e
c ha r ge seirsor)

AA (arma tu re
acceleration)

/
/

ABT (air b l a s t
transformer)

A A CS R ( a lu m i n i u m
alloy c o n d u c t o r
steel re in fo rc ed )

/

/

(ai r - cooled)

A CC W ( 1 ternat ing
cu ren t c o n t i n u o u s
wave)

( anchor bolt)

(aux i 1 i
breaker)

(aging c o m p e n
sating e f f e c t )

abamp (abso lu te
ampere)

ACES ( a u t o m a t i c
c h e c k o u t and e v a l u a
tion system)

a b mh o
mho)

( ac c u m u l a t o r )

A A C / T W ( a l um i ni u m
all oy c o n d u c t o r /
trapezoi da 1 wire)

(absolute

(abso lu te

ACLT (accelerated
1 i fe tes t )

ABNO ( a va il ab le but
not o pe r at i ng ) state

-4-

ACFM ( a l t e r n a t i n g - c u r r e n t field m e a
s u rement) m e t h od

ADC ( au t o m a t i c
d ri f t con t 1)

rel ( a l t e r n a t i n g
c u r r e n t relay)

ADSS ( a l l - d i e l e c t r i c
se 1 f - su p p o r t i ng
f ibe r-opt ic cab 1e )

/
/
-

ACS ( a c c u m u l a t o r
swi tch)

ACT R

( ac tuator)

//:
;

ACTS
time

AEDS (ad v a n c e d
e l e c t r i c distri bution system)

(arc c u r r e n t
s i mu la to r)

AED ( a v e r a g e and
e x c e s s dem a n d
me t h o d )

ACT U ( a u t o m a t i c
control of t esting
un i t)

AEFC (al k a l i n e
lectroli te
f u e 1 cell)

ACVTVM (alternating
c u r r e n t v al v e tube
v o l t m e t er )

(ad v a n c e d
energy-managemen t)
s y st e m

ACU ( a l t e r n a t i n g
c u r r e n t control
unit)

A ESM ( e x c i t e d
synchronous machine)

A/D ( ad va nc ed
design)

-5-

AET (actua!
sure time)

AGMS (air gap

mon i tor ing sys tern)

expo

/
/

AFD ( a u t o m a t i c fast
d e m a g n e t iza t io n )

!$ ( a p pa r e n t
i mp ed an c e m e a s u r i n g
system)

AF! ( a ut o m a t i c
fault i solation)

AiS ( a i r - i n s u i a t e d
swi t c h g e a r )

-'

AFL ( a u t o m a t i c
fault location)

ALC ( a u t o m a t i c
ieve i ing con tro i)

;

//

AFPC ( au t om a ti c
f r e q u e n c y and
p hase c o n t r o l )

AL T ( a c c e l e r a t e d
life test)

AFR ( a c c e p t a b l e
fa i 1u re rate)

AMD (ar i thmet i

m ea n d i s t a n c e )

A F U D C ( a ll o w a n c e for
funds used d u r i ng
construction)

AMF ( a u t o m a t i c
m ai n s failure)
s y st e m

AG

(air gap)

AM/FM (automated
m a p p i n g and f a c i l i
ties m a n a g e m e n t )

AGL (argon g l o w
lamp)

-6-

AMR ( a u to m at i c
m e te r reading)

ARM ( a d j u s t e d
rese rv e marg i n )

/
-

/
arm

( a rmature)

/
/

APCS ( au gm en te d
p ow e r c o n d i t i o n i n g
subsys tern)

arm

(armor)

//
arm ch
shunt)

APD ( a ux i l i a r y p ow er
d i s t r i b u t i o n ) panel

(armature

arr

(arrester)

ARTS ( a u t o m a t i c
r e s i s t a n c e test

APS ( a c c e ss o ry
p o w e r supply)

;
//

set)

//
AS ( a u t o m a t i n g
swi tch ing)

APS ( a ut o m a t i c p r o
tect io n swi tch)

;
/

AS (aux i 1 i ary
swi tch)

APU ( a ux i l i a r y
p o w e unit)

ASC ( a l u m i n i u m
s he a th cable)

AR ( a dj u s t a b l e
range)

ARCL ( a u t o ma t ic
r e c l o s i n g of line)

ASCR (asymmetric
sill c o n - c o n t r o l led
rec t i f ie )

-7-

A T / m ( a m re-turns
per m eter)

ASD ( a d j us t ab l e
speed drive)

ASO (au tomat ic

se rv i ce d ispatch)
sy st e m

ATS ( a u t o m a t i c
t r a n s f e r swi tch)

A-se t

A T/wb (a m p e r e - t u r n s
per w eber)

-
//

ASH (ar ma tu re
shunt)

AUO ( a r r e s t e r
unde r-o i 1)

ASTP ( a c c e l e r a t e d
s er v ic e test
progr am )

AV D ( ab s o l u t e v a l u e
of v o 1 tage dev at ions)

ASU ( a ut o m a t i c
se tup unit)

A VR C ( a u t o m a t i c
v o l t a g e and r e a c
tive c o n t r o l l e r )

ASWG ( Am er ic an
stee 1 w ir e g a u g e )

AVS ( a u t o m a t i c
v o l t a g e swi tcher)

AT (auxili ary
t r an s fo rm er )

/


/

ATE ( a c c e p t a n c e
test e q u i p m e n t )

^


-8

AW

( a lu m o w e l d )

/
/,
//

ball

AWE C ( a dv an ce d w i n d
e n er g y c on ve r te r )

//


AWS (Amer ican wi re
standard)

bal volt ( b a lanced

v o 1tage)

AWT T ( a c c e l e r a t e d
w a t e r tree in g test)

bat chg
( ba tt er y cha r g e r )

AWW ( a u t o m a t i c w i re -wrap) m a c h i n e

A Z AR ( a dj u st a bl e
zero, a d j u s t a b l e
range)

bat
( b at te r y cutoff)

//
//

bat fu
(ba t te ry

AZB ( i r-z i
battery)

fuse)

//
//

-

AZS ( a u t o m a t i c
zero s et ting)

bat sup
( b at te r y supply)

/
/

(bell

b 1 rheo ( b a l a n
cing rheostat)

BA

1amp

( b a l l a s t 1

( b a l 1 bearing)

( b a c k - t o - b a c k
connect ion)

alarm)

;
;

-
; -

(break
b ef or e make)

2-1

-9

DG

BBT ( b a c k - t o - b a c k
tie)

/
/;

/
/,

(b a c k - c o n t e d )

( b al an ce d
current)

i rcu i t)

/
/
BE MS ( b u il d i n g and
energy management
sys tern)

BES (buIk e l e c t r ic i ty sys tern)

BCI ( b at te ry c o n d i
tion indicator)

BEST (battery
energy storage

test)

/
/

BCR ( b at te ry ch ar g e
r e g u 1 a to )

//

BF

( br e a k d o w n

f i el d)

(bush ing cu rrent t ra n sf o rm e r )

BF ( br e a k e r
fa i 1u re)

BD

BEER (battery
exhaust emergency
rec i r c u 1 a t i o n )

//
;

(bus coupl er )

(byp as s

BES ( ba t t e r y
energy storage)

BDV (breakdown
v o 1t a g e )

(b r idg in g )

(bus duct)

-10-

BPI ( br e a k d o w n
robab i 1 i ty i n c r e
ase) law

I (basic

i nsul at i on)

I-APS (battery
inverter-accessory
p ow e r supply)

PMS (bulk powe

m a n a g e m e n t system)

BPS ( b i p o l a r
powe r supply)

I - IPS ( ba ttery inverter - instrumen

tation power supply)

BJ

(break jaw)

bkr

BS

load

( b r us h h o l d e r )

(bus section)

;
;

BS

(by p a s s

swi t c h )

,

BSI ( ba t t e r y
statu s indicator)

(blackout)

/
/
BSP (bulk su p p l y
point)

(blowout)

; ; ; &

(bearing)

b h 1
(brush holder)
CM. BRH

b rg

b 1 (blade)

b (brush)

//

BRH

(breaker)

BLD (base
demand)

;


BST ( b a t t e r y / s o l
te c hn o l o g y )

(b 1owou t coil)

2-2

-II-


//

BST (bulk s upply

tariff)

BW

/

/
to
(back-to-back)

(butt weld)

BWG ( i rm in g a m
w i re gauge )

//
/ /;
//

CAB ( c o n s e q u e n t
arc-b ac k )

YP CAP (bypass
i t o r )

;

;

CAES ( c o m p r e s s e d
air e n e r g y s t o rage)

I .
;
2


/

/

trees)

BU

( braided wire)

BWD (brai ded wi re

d iameter)

(b a ck - to - b a c k )
HVDC

(bow-tie

BW

(backup)

BV (ba la nc ed
v o 1t a g e )

capf ( i ty
factor)

BV ( br ea kd ow n
v o 1t a g e )

carr eq
( carrier e q u i p m e n t )

BVC (black v a rn i s h
camb r i )

-12-

( i tor bank)

( c o n v e r t i b l e
i rcu i t b r e a k e r )

(condu i t box)

//

(control

CCCS (curr e n t -co ntro ll ed current

source)

board)

(con ta ct
b r e a k i n g a mm et er )

CCD (cab 1 i rcu i t

d iagram)

CBV ( c on ta ct
breaking voltmeter)

CCD (cor o n a c u r r e n t
d et e ct o r )

( 1osed

CCS ( co n s t a n t
current generator)

i rcu i t)

( cl os in g coil)

I ( i rcu i t cond it ion indicator)

- ( c o n d u c t o r ros s arm)

1? - /
/

CCI ( c u r r e n t - c o n t
rol led inductor)

( c o ns t an t
current)

(critical
c l e a r i n g time)

(control
co nt ac to r)

/
/

(cross
tance )

conduc

cct. km
( c i r c u i t - k i 1omet r e s )

(cu rr en t
mode

/ /

control)

13

 ;

;

CD ( c ap a ci t or
d i scha r g e )

CD (cu rr en t
de tec t o r )

CF (crest

CFCT (critical
fauIt c l e a r i n g

CDL (closed
dead line)

time)

CFOV (critical
f 1a s h o ve r v o l t a g e )

CDR ( c ur r en t d i r e c
tional relay)

//

factor)

//

CGI ( c o m p r e s s e d
gas insul a t e d cable)

( c o m m u t a t o r end)

/ /

( co ns t an t
e x t i n c t i o n angle)

(choke)

( c o nt r ac t e n e r g y
m a n a g e m e n t)

(choke

core)

chgr

(charger)

( c o o r d i n a t e d
e m e r g e n c y r e sp o n s e
m e a s u r es )

CHIP ( c o m b i n e d heat
and i n = ho u s e power)
s ys t em

CF ( c o i n c i d e n c e
factor)

/
/

L ( 1ose

hot

line)

CF (cost of
fa ilure)

-14-


//

CHP ( c om bi ne d heat
and power) plant

CLM ( c o n s e r v a t i o n
and load m a n a g e
ment) p r o g r a m

Cl ( c a r r i e r - t o - i n t e r f e r e n c e ) ratio

I (cage
motor)

//

i nd uction

CIT ( cu r re n t i n s t r u
m e n t t r an sf or me r )

CLR (cu rren t l i m i

ting res i s tor)

(ci rc ui t

cl osi ng)
;

CLR ( c u s t o m e r load
research) p r o g r a m

ckt op (c? rcui t

open ing)

;

CL ( cl osi ng)
;
CL ( c o n v e r s i o n

CM ( i r c u 1ar mil)

/

/, 5,067*10~4 .

loss)

CM ( c or r e c t i v e
in t e n a n c e )

CLC

(cl amp

CLR ( c o n t a c t
1oad resistor)

CIV ( c or on a i n c e p
tion v o 1 t a g e )

ckt cl

ins

i nsul at i on)

( cl os in g coil)

CLF (cur ren t l i m i
ting fuse)

CM (cycli cal l y
m agneti zed)

CLM ( c o n c e n t r a t e d
1oad m o d e 1)

CMD

-15-

(command)

CMRS (cable m o n i t o
ring and ra ti ng
sys tem)

CP

CPA ( ca t h o d i c p r o
t ection a n a ly z e r )

CMV (con ta ct m a k i n g
v o l t m et e r)

/
/

CNR ( c a r r i er - to - no i se ratio)

(cutout)

COL

(cost of

com

(co mm ut at or )

(c o mpos i te
pow e r plant)

lossed)

/
/

CPS

(coils per slot)

// ;
//

/
/;

comm
CM. com

( c o n s e r v a t i o n
p o li c y a n a l y s i s
m od e 1)

(cutoff)

; //

( c o i n c i d e n t peak)

CQA ( c o n s t r u c t i o n
quality assurance)

( c om m ut a to r )

CR (c o n d u c t iv i ty
recorder)

COP ( c a p ac i ty o u t a ge
p r obab i 1 i t y )

//

CR (control

relay)

COS ( co n ta c to r ,
starting)

CR (control

room)

CR ( c or r o s i o n
res i stan t )

COV ( c o e f f i c i e n t
of v a r i a t i o n )

-16-

CRE ( c om p os i te r e l i a
b il i ty e v a l u a t io n )

/

/

CRGIL ( r es i st i ve
gas insula ted line)

CSM (charge s i m u l a
tion me t h o d )

CRM ( ca p ac i ty
rese rv e margin)

CSMP ( c o n t i n u o u s
systern mode 1 ing
p rog ram)

CRMR ( c o n t i n u o u s - r e a d i n g m e te r relay)

-

C RV-SI (cur ren t
regulated voltage
sou rc e inverter)

CSP ( co m p l e t e l y
s e 1 f-p rotec t e d )
trans former

CS

( c lo si ng

CSWF (co m p u t e r s i m u
lated wav e f o r m )

swi t c h )

/
/,

, ;

CS

(con t rol

sw i t c h )

( ca r r i e r
t e 1e p h o n y )

;

CS

C Sl -I M (current
sou r ce i n v e r t e r - f e d
induc t ion motor)

/
/

(coo ling system)

CSC (c o n t r o 1 led s e
ries c o m p e n s a t i o n )

(cen t e r

tap)

//

/ /
/
/

(control
t r an s fo r m e r )

-
;

CSC ( c u r r e n t - s o u r c e
conve te )

( c o n d u c t o r
t e mp e r a t u r e model)

3-1

-17-

CTS ( cu rr en t
setting)

tap

control)

DC

(duty eye 1e )

DCA (direct
c u r r e n t arc)

CV ( c on st an t
v o 1 tage)

DCC ( d i s t r i b u t i o n
control centre)

( c ontact v ol t a ge )

DCM (duty c ycle

mod e 1)

CV (cont ac t
vo 1 tme te )

DCPT (direct c u r r e n t
pot e nt ia l t r a n s
ducer)'

CVT ( cu rr e nt v o l
tage t ra n sf o rm e r)

DCR (dir e c t curren t res i s t a n c e )

D
d-(direct)

{damage

CV

DC

axis

/
/

DCT ( direct c u r
rent t r a n s d u c e r )

D A F O R ( d er a ti n g- a d j u s t e d forc ed
o u t a g e rate)

DCT (dir e c t c u r r e n t
transmi ss ion)

DAM ( de ci si on
a n a l y s i s mode 1)

DCTM (dir e c t c u r r e n t
torque motor)

DB ( d yn am ic
b raking) relay

D C /U I PC (dc to u t i
lity in te rface powe r cond i t ion in g )

-18-

;


DF (d ive s i ty

f act or )

DD ( dy namic
d ispa t c h )

DF (double

DF

factor)

DFG ( do u b l e - f e d
i nd uctor g e n e r a t o r )

DDD (dust d ep os i t
dens i t y )

DFM (double
mach ine)

fed

//

DDF ( d i e l e c t r i c d i s
s i p a t i on factor)

DFSM ( d o u b l e - f e d
synchronous machine)

DEC (dry e l e c t r o
lytic ca pa ci to r)

DFT (design for

t es ta bi l i t y )

DE F (d i rec t iona 1
e ar t h fault) p ro t ec t ion

(demand)

;
; /
/; /
/

DG (diesel
g e ne ra t o r )

-
dg

(double-groove)

i nsul at or

DE ( d i g i t a l
earth

(duty

DDC ( d i s t r i b u t i o n
d i s p a t c h cen t e r )

dem

feeder)

DDC (direct digi ta l

con t 1) sy st em

tester)

3-2
-19-

DLM (d i s p a t c h a b 1e
load m a n a g e m e n t )
p rog ram

dgdp ( d o u b l e - g r o o v e
d o ub l e p e t t i c o a t)
insulator

Dl

(demand

indicator)

DLRO (d igital low

r e s i s ta n c e o h m me t e r )

DIAS (digital impulse

a n a l y z i n g system)

DM (demand meter)

d iv (diverter)

;
;
/
/
DL

(dead

DM ( d e t e c t i n g
magne tome te r )

line)

;
;

DL

(d um m y

DMM (digital
mu 1 t ime te r )

//

1o a d )

DLC (direct 1oad
con t 1) p r am

DMO (dig!tal
m ic r oohmme te r )

dm (d imme r )

DLC ( d is t r i b u t i o n
line carrier) s ys t em

/
/;

DLGF (d o u b 1 - 1 i- to-gr ou nd fault)

DMS ( d i s t r i b u t i o n
m a n a g e m e n t system)

DLM (demand
m u lt i p l i e r )

loss

dod (delay on
dee n e rg i za t io n )

;
/ /

-20-

doe (delay on
en er g ization)

DPST ( d o u b l e - p o l e ,
s i n g 1 - throw) switch

DRFP (design
f u 1 1 power)

DO I ( du ra t io n of
i n t er ru pt io n)

//

DSA (digital
s ignal ana l y z e r )

DOV ( dy na mi c
ove r v o I t a g e )

/
/
;
/ /,

DP

( d i r o o f )

DSM (demand side

managemen t)

DSW

DPBC
both

rated

(door

swi tch)

(double-pole
c on nected)

DT (d iff ren t ia 1
t ran s forme r )

DTL ( di s c h a r g e
time lag)

DP CS ( di f fe r en t ia l
p r e s s u r e control
sw i t c h )

DTR ( d e fi n i t e
time relay)

DP DT (dou b 1 - 1 ,
d o u b 1 - throw) swit ch

DTR (d e m a n d - t o t a 1 izing relay)

DPF ( d i s p a t c h e r ' s
powe flow)

DTR (digital
t r a n s i e n t recorder)

DPFC ( d o u b 1e - p o l
f ron t t e d )

DTR ( d y na m i c
thermal rating)

-21-

 /
/




DW (drop wire)

;

DWD ( d ir ec ti on al
w a v e d e t ec t or ) relay

1 1

( d yn am ic b ra ki n g)

( e d d y - c u r r e n t
testing)

E-(electric)

(equi v a 1en t
c i rcu i t theory)

field

EAL ( energy a b
s o r pt i on 1eve i)

ED ( el e c trical
d i f feren t ia 1)

//

EAT ( en vi r on m en t al
a c c e p t a n c e test)

EDC ( e q u i v a l e n t d i s
turbing c u r r e n t )

(earth

CS (end
swi tch)

ECD ( e l ec t r i c
control drive)

1 (ene r g y c o n s e r
v at io n and load
managemen t)

DV (digital
v o 1tme ter)

DYB

/
/

current)

EDD (ele c t r i c a l disp 1acemen t d e n s i t y )

;
; //

( e n v i r o me n t a 1
c on t 1)

EDES (ele c t r i c a l
desi gn and eng i nee ring sys tem)

-22-

E GC P ( e m e r g e n c y
g e n e r a t o r control
pane 1 )

EDG ( e m e r ge n cy
diesel gene to )

EHF ( e x t r a - h i g h
fr e qu e n c y )

EDR ( e m e r g e n c y
d e c e l e r a t i o n relay)

EHVAC (extra-high- v o lt a g e , a l t e r n a t e
c ur rent)

EDT (elect ri ca l
d i s c h a t u b e )

EHVDC (extra-high- v o 1 tage d i r e c t

current)

EEF ( energy
e f f i c i e n t m otor)

//

E1DI (e l e c t r i c a l
impulse d e i c i n g )

EENS ( ex p ec t ed
e n e r g y not s up p li ed )

IR (e n e r g y in d e x
of r el i a b i l i t y )

EEP ( e l ec t ro d e
electrostatic
precipi tator)

, //
EER L ( e le ct ri ca l
e n g i n e e r i n g r es e a r ch
l aboratory)

I ( lectr ical
i n s t a l l a t i o n test)

E IV T (ele c t r i c a l
and i n s t r u m e n t a t i o n
v a l i d i t y test)

EES ( ex p ec t ed
e n e r g y served)

EFD ( e le ct ri c
f 1 ux dens i t y )

EJ

(expansion

j oi nt )

-23-

EMTBF ( e s t i ma t e d
mean ti me between

failures)

EL ( e l e c t r o l y t i c
i t o r )

;

/
/

LDC (equ iv a 1en t
load d u r a t i o n curve)

EL DISC

EMT F ( e s t i m a t e d
mean time to
fa ilure)

;

/
/

(electrical

d is c o n n e c t o r )

EL V (extra
v o 1tage)

low

EMTP ( e l e c t r o m a g
n et i c t r a n s i e n t
package)

EM ( e le c t r o m a g n e t i c )
no ise

EMF ( el e ct r ic and
m a g n e t ic fields)

EMU ( e n e r g y m o n i t o
ring unit)

EMJ ( ex tr us io n
m o u 1ded joint)

ENSI ( e nergy non

s up pl ie d per interrup t io n )

MS (ene g y - m a n a g e
m e nt system)

E NT ( e l e c trical non-me t a 1 1 i tubing)

EMT (elect ri ca l
m e t a l l i c tubing)

EOV (electrically- o p e r a t e d valve)

EMT ( e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c
trans ien t)

-24-

EOVT ( e l e c t r o - o p t i c
v o l t a g e t r an sf o rm er )

EPGS (el e c t r i c
po w er g e n e r a t i o n
system)

( lectr ical

plant)

EPC ( el ec t ro n
cond i t ioner)

power

I (equ iv a 1ent
p arallel indu c t a n c e )

//;
,

EPNS ( e xpected
p ow e r not s up p l i e d )

EPP (e m e r g e n c y
p ow er package)

EPCDC ( electrical
p ower c o n d i t i o n i n g ,
d i s t r i b u t i o n and
control)

//

,

;
,

EP R ( et hylen p r o
p yl en e rubber)
insulation

-

EPS ( lectr ical
p ower supply)

( e me r ge n cy
power c ut -off)

//

EPS (electric
p ower system)

( el ec tr ic
pla nt control plant)

EPS ( em e r g e n c y
pow e r supply)

EPD (earth p o t e n
tial d i ff rence)

EPT (env i r onmenta i

proof test)

EPDC ( el ec tr ic
powe r d i s t r i b u t i o n
and con t 1)
4-1

-25-

EPWP ( e m e r g e n c y
power)

S ( e l ectric
s trength)

/
/

EQ (equ ipmen t
qu a 1 if ica t ion)

ES

;
;

ER

(earth

retu.rn)

S ( 1ectr i i ty- s u p p l y board)

;
,

ER ( e l e c t r o r h e o l o g ic a 1) e f f e c t

/


/

ESC (energy s t o r a g e
and c o n v e r s i o n )

ER (elliptical
r e flector) lamp

ESD (energy
s p ectra 1 dens i ty)

R (equ iv a l e n t
res is tance)

ESDD (equ iv a 1en t

salt d e p o s i t density)

//

/
/,

ERIS (equ ipmen t

reliability informa
tion system)

ESHP ( e l e c t r i c
smart h ouse project)

ERW (electrical
res is tance weld)

(ele c t r i c

stop)

ESA (electrical
su rge a rrester)

//

ES

(emergency

ESI ( e l e c t r i c i t y
s u p p l y industry)

shock)

-26-

ESP ( e l e c t r o s t a t i c
prec ip i t a t o r )

EV

( el e c t r i c a l

, //

van)

EVRS ( e m e r g e n c y
v o 1 tag e r e d u c t ion
sys tern)

ESMS ( el ec trical
s ystem m a n a g e m e n t
software)

ESSG (elect ri ca l
steel s t an da rd gauge)

exc

(exciter)

(env i r o nm en ta l
test)

FA (field a c c e l e rati ng) relay

FAFR (fatal a c c i d e n t f r e q u e n c y rate)

ETC ( e nv i ro n me n ta l
test c ha mber)

/
/

ETD ( em be dd ed t e m p e
r a ture det ec to r)

FAIDl (feeder a v e
rage i n t e r r u p t i o n
d u r a t i o n index)

TF (envi r o n m e n t a 1
test fa ci li ti es )

F A I F I (feed e r a v e
rage i n t e r r u p t i o n
f r e qu e nc y index)

EUE (expe ct ed uns u p p 1 i ed energy)

/ /
EV ( e f f e c t i v e value)

/ /
4-2

-27-

FDPW (fast d e c o u p
led p ow e r flow)

F A R A DA (fa i lure
rate data)

FASE (fau 11 a n t i
c i p a to r for subs t at i on equ ^pmen t )
sy s tern

FDT (fault d e t e c
tion tester)

//

FEC (fixed e l e c t r o
lytic i t o r )

F AST ( fa ilure
ana lysis by s t at is t ic a 1 techn iqu e)

FC

FESS (flywheel
e n er g y - s torage
system)

(fine c o n t r o l )

FC (fixed
i t o r )

FF

(full

field)

FGFC (fixed gas- fi ll e d itor)

FC (front-connected)

/ /
FCC (flat c o n d u c
tor cable)

FHVC (fixed high

voltage capacitor)

FCC (forced c o m m u
tated cycloconverter)

FIR (fault beyond

the i n s t a n t a n e o u s
reach)

/ /

FC I (f a u 1 t-cu ren t
ind ica t o r )

FL

(f eeder

-28-

line)



/ ., /

FL ( f u l 1 load)

FLA ( f u 1 l load
ampere)

FORT (fibre o p t i c
resistance thermo
meter)

FLF ( f a u l t - l o c a t i o n
f i 1 i ties)

F L I (f a u 1t 1oca t ion
indicator)

FOS (factor
of safety)

FLS C ( f i e l d - 1 i m i t e d
-space-charge)

FOV ( fl a s h o v e r
voIta ge )

//

FP (field p r o t e c
tive) r elay

FM (field
i n tenance)

//

FP

FME (field in t e
nan ce equ ipmen t )

period)

FPCN ( f o u r - p o l e
c o n j u g a t o n e t work)

FR ( fa i l u r e

rate)

FMP (flow mod if ied

permittivity)

FOI

(full

FR (fast
re l ay

release)

( f re q u e n c y of

interruption)

FR (feeder

/
/

reactor)

FOR (forced
out ag e rate)

-29-

FR (field
b i 1 it )

r ella-

GA (graphic
ammeter)

FRNC ( f i r e - r e t a r d a n t
n o n - c o r r o s i v e ) jacket

GADS ( g e n e r a t i n g
ava i l ab i l i t y data
system)

FRT (film r e s i s
tance the rm om et e r)

GB ( ge n e r a t o r
busses)

FS, F/S (factor

of safety)
CM. FOS

GCB (S F q g s
i rcu i t breaker)

FS ( f r e q ue n cy
stabil i za t io n )

;

FSV (full
value)

GCIG (grid c o n n e c t e d
induc ti o n g e n e r a t o r )

scale

FSW

(field

sw i tch)

GED (grid e l e c t r i
cal d is tu r b a n c e )

FT (field

t e s t (s ))

FTO (fast t ra n s i en t
ove r v o 1 t a g e s )

GEP ( g e n e r a t i o n
e x p a n s i o n program)

FW (field w in di ng )

GF

FW (flash
w e lding)

( g en e r a t o r

f i el d)
;

-30-

GFCI (g r o u n d - fau 1 t
c i r c u i t i nt er ru p te r)

/
/
GFP (ground - f a u 1 t
p r o t e c t iv e ) d ev i c e

G l (gas in s u 1ated
t r a ns fo rm er )

G RC ( g e n e r a t i o n
rate cons tra in t)

GITL ( g a s - i n s u l a t e d
t r a n s m i s s i o n line)

(ground

GRD (ground
d e te ct or )

loop)

GSU ( ge n e r a t o r
step-up) transformer

GM ( go ve r no r motor)

//

GSU ( ge n e r a t o r
s tep- up unit)

GMDS ( g en er at or
m o n i t o r i n g and d i a g
n o s t i c system)

GT

(gas

tube)

GPR (grid p o t e n
tial rise)

//
GPR (ground
tive relay)

GPX (gas p r e s s u r i
zed XL ) m o l d e d

joint

GL

GV (graph i
voltmeter)

protec

GVA ( g r a p h i c
volt-ammeter)

GPSS (graphical
power sy st em
simu la to r)

GW ( g r a p h i c
wa t tme ter)

-31-

HFC ( h i g h - f r e q u e n c y
choke)

GW (g r ound wire)

/
/

;
;

H F F (high-frequency

(h y p e r c o n d u c t iv i t y )

filter)

HG

H D (ho rmon ic
d istortion)

(hand g e n e r a t o r )

/
/ /
/

H G S W (horn gap
sw i t c h )

HID (h igh-i ntens i ty- d i s c h a r g e ) lamp

DPE (high dens i ty

polye thy 1ene)
in s u 1a t ion

IF (high i m p e
d a n c e fault)

H E L M (hourly e l e c t
rical 1oad m o d e 1)

H I G F (high impedance
g rou nd fault)

HEP (hyd roe 1ect r ic

power)

HEMP ( h i g h - a l t i t u d e
e 1ec t r omagne t ic
pulse)

/
/

HJ

HF (hazard
f a ilure)

(hose jacket)

MF (hi g h - m a g n e ti c
field)

of

HPD (high p e r f o r
m a n c e drive) s ystem

H F A (fieat- and
f 1ameresi s tan t
armored) cable

//

-32-

HPF F (high p r e s s u r e
f l u i d - f i l l e d ) cable

(high
1 ine

H P G F (high p r e s s u r e
g a s - f i l l e d ) cable

( h i g h - t e n s i o n
ba t te r y )

HPI ( h i g h - p e r f o r m a n c e
in s u 1a t ion)

//

( h i g h - t e m p e r a tu re mater i a l )

( h i g h - p h a s e -ord e r ) 1 ine

(high-temperature operational
test)

/
/

HPS (high p r e s s u r e -sod iu m ) 1amp

HTSC ( h i g h - t e m p e r a ture oxide s u p e r

conductor)

HPS (hydro power

station)

HPT (h igh-potenti al
tester)

HV (hi g h - v o 1 tage)
side

;


//
HR

(hand

//
HVAC (heating, vent i 1 a t ion and a i r cond i t ion ing )

reset)

/
/
S (heat

sink)

HVB ( h i g h - v o l t a g e
battery)

//

HSP (hyd roe 1 tr i

generation schedu
ling o b 1em)

VC (hi g h - v o 1tage
connector)

5-1

tension)

-33-

HVG ( h i g h - v o l t a g e
g rad ien t)

;
//
/

/
VI (hi g h - v o 1tage
i nsulator coa t ip g )

H V T (hi g h - v o 1 tage
termin a t i o n )

;

;

;

//

VT (hi g h - v o l t a g
tester)

;


//

VL (hi g h - v o 1 tage
lead)

VW ( h i'gh-vo 1 tage
wire)

HVPS ( h i g h - v o l t a g e
power supply)

//

;

;

I
I CAT ( i n t e l l i g e n t
t e - a ided
t r o u b l e - s h o o t ing)

VR (hi g h - v o i tage
regulating) w i n d i n g

HVRL (high-voltage
r e search laboratory)

ICPS ( in t e g r a t e d
control and p r o t e c
tion system)

VS (hi g h - v o l t a g e
sw i tch)

ICR ( induc tance-capaci tance-resi stance)

--

-34-

ICR ( i n s u 1a ted core

reac tor)

IE ( i n t e r m i t t e n t
energization)

-

; -

; -

ICS (in tegrated

control system)

I (ins tan taneou s

e l e c t r o n i c trip)

I ( insuI a tor
core t r ansformer)

I V ( In te rna t ion 1
E 1ec t rotechn ical
V o c a b u 1ar )

IF ( i n s u l a t i o n
fa ilure)

ICVE (individual
cell v o l t a g e
equa 1 i zer)

/
/ ;

IFP ( in terf ir ing

period)

ID ( in s t rumen tation d i s p l a y / c o n t
rol c h a r a c t e r i s t i c )

II ( i n d u c t i v e
in terference)

IDCPS ( in tegrated
d i s t r i b u t i o n control
and p r o t e c t i v e
sys tern)

ILPA (interior
1 igh t ing powe r
a 11o w a n c e )

IM ( i n d u c t i o n moto r )

IDMS ( in t e g r a t e d
digital m e t e r i n g
sys t e m )

IMAC ( in teg rated

mon i tor ing and
control) s u b s t a t i o n
sys tem

5-2

-35-

I ( in termed i a te
metal c o n d u 1t )

IPS (in tegrated

power system)

IMS (in teg ra ted

m e t e r i n g system)

I U (in tegr a t e d
power unit)

//

IR ( ind ica tor
read in g )

INEP ( int e g r a t e d
national e n e r g y
p 1ann ing )

IR ( i n s t a n t a n e o u s
relay)

IOC (initial o p e r a
tional capab i 1 i t y )

IR ( in s u 1 at ion
res is tance)

IOU (initial o p e r a
tional usage)

IRP ( in t e g r a t e d
re s o u r c e p 1ann in g )

/
/

I U ( inves t.or-owned util i t y )

ISI ( i n - s e r v i c e
inspec ti o n )

IS, ISW
sw i tch)

IP ( ind uced
polarization)

(isolating

IT ( in v e r s e
re 1 ay

IPD (i n s e r t i o n
phase delay)

time)

ITRV (initial t r a n
sient r e c o v e r y
v o 1tage)

IPP (- n d e p e n d e n t
power producer)

36-




IVI d e s i g n

v-

IVP ( in t e g r a t e d
value-based plan
ning)

-
; LC-
LCC (life cycle
cost)

/ ,
, ,

/
LC (Ioad car ing
cap a b i1 i t y )

,

IVVC ( in teg a ted
v o l t - v a r con t 1)

LCI ( 1 i n e - c o n n e c t e d
inverter)

LCl
ted

(1oad commu tainver ter)

LCI
per

kcm i 1 ( thousand
i r c u 1 mills)

(1oad c u f taI led

interruption)

/
/;

//

/0,507 2/
KFA (Kalman
f i 1te a 1gor i thm)

LCM (line cond it ion mon i t o r )

KVp (k i 1o v o 1 t
peak)

LCP (least
planning)

cost

L
LBS (1oad
sw i t c h )

LC (indue tance-capacitance)

LCY ( load c u r t a i l e d
per year)

b reak

-37-

LD ( lightning
d ischa rge)

H R (load-indica
ting resistor)

LDC ( line-d rop

compensator)

LLF, L-L fault

(l in e - t o - 1 ine
f au 11 )

LDC (l oad- d u ra t ion

cu rve)

/

/

Id

1 im (load

L-L-L f a u 1 t
( 1 in e - t o - 1 in e -to- 1 ine fault)

limit)

LDPE (low dens i ty

p o l y e t h y l e n e ) insu
lation

LLP (l i g h t n i n g l o c a
tion and p r o t e c t i o n )

LMCS ( l o a d - m a n a g e r
m e n t control system)

LDTM ( lo w - d r a w
tandem motor)

//

/




/
LFLM ( in t e g r a t e d
load f o r e c a s t i n g
load m a n a g e m e n t )
simulator

LLTS (1ong 1 ine

tracing system)

//

LM (1oad m a n a g e
ment)

//

/
/;

L I (1arge indus tr ia 1 cu s tome r )

-38-

LMES (lossy m a g n e t i c
ene r g y storage)

LSH F (1o w - s m o k e
h a l o g e n - f r e e ) cab l e

L-N
-

/ /

( 1 ine-neu t 1)

LS R (1o a d - s h if t ing
resistor)

LOBAC (low v o l t a g e
bu n d l e d aerial
cable)

LSW

LOEE ( loss of
e n e r g y expected)

/
/ ;

/ /

LO O P E A K (load
optimization
off-peak)
'

LT (low tens ion)

1 ine

LPDC (lighting /
powe r d i s t r i b u t i o n
cen ter)

LIL ( l i g htning
i 1se 1eve 1)

ratio

(limit

LTLR (system loss

to s ystem load

swi tch)

LS F (low smoke
flame e m i s s i o n
cab 1e )

LT (low t o r q u e )

LS

swi tch)

LTC ( load tap

chang in g )

LRC (1oad
control)

(line

r at i o)

/
/

and

LV (1o w - v o 1tage)
side

/
/

/ /

-39-

MAPS ( m u l t i - a r e a
pr o d u c t ion s imu 1at ion)

LVC (line v o 1 tage

cond i t io n )

//
,

LVC (line v o 1 tage

cond i t ioner)

max cap
(maximum

LVPS (low v o l t a g e
power supply)

capacity)

;
;

LVR (low v o l t a g e
re lease)

(make
break)

befo r e

MBR (microprocessor-based relay)

LVTH ( l o w - v o l t a g e -tungsten-halogen)
1 amp

(m a g n e t i c

core)

LVTU (1 inear v o l t a g e
timing unit)

(making

capacity)

/
/

;


;

(mov i ng coil)

/

/
MC A (mult ichannel
analyzer)

//

(make after
break)

MCB ( m i n i a t u r e
i cu i t-br e a k e r )

MCC (motor
control center)

-40-

MDP ( m a gnetic d i f
f e r e n c e of p o t e n
tial)

( thou sand
c i r c u l a r mills)
CM. k c m i 1

MES ( magnetic
e n e r g y storage)

MCOV (maximum
continuous o p e r a
tion voltage)

/
/

MFF (magnet ic
filling factor)

M C O V (maximum
c o n t i n u o u s operat ing vo l t a g e )

MFSS (metal free

s e 1f - suppor t )
aerial optical
fibre cable

(magnet i
ci rcu i t - protector)

MFT (mod i f ied

Fourier transform)

MCSP (mu 1t i 1
- c o n d u c t o r shielded
p r e s s u r e r e s i stant)
cable

M-G ( m o t o r - g e n e
rator) set

MCU (machine
control unit)

MGE (maint e n a n c e
gro u n d e q u ipment)

MD

(motor

drive)

//

MDB (main d i s t r i b u
ting board)

(met a l - h a l i d e )
1amp

MDI (magnetic d i r e c
tion indicator)

FA (mu 1 t i 1e-conduc tor , heat- and

6-1

-41-

MIPS ( m o d u 1ar in tegrated power system)

f 1a m e - r e s i s t a n t
armored) c a b l e

(magn e t i c
moment)

Ml (mu t u 1
i nduc t a n c e )

Ml (mu tu 1
induction)

(motor-operated)

Ml (mineral
i n s u 1a t i o n )

MOD (mode of
d isturbance)

MIC (mineral
insulation

(motor m a g n e t )

;,

cable)

MOP (motor o p e r a t e d
potentiometer)

MI C ( m u l t i p l e -infeed converter)

MOS ( m e t a l - o x i d e -s i1 icon) cap a c i tor

--

Ml MO ( m u l t i p l e i n pu t s and m u l t i p l e
ou tpu t s )

MOV (motor o p e r a t e d

valve)

I ( m u l t i - i n p u t -mu 1 t i - o u t p u t ) a u t o
m a t i c r eg u 1a t o r

( m a g n e t o - o p t i c
current transformer)

MOSA (me t a 1-ox id e

su rge ar res ter)

MI MS ( m i n e r a l i n s u l a t e d metal s h e a t e d )

//

MP

(mu 1t i p o 1e )

-42-

 DP (mu 1t i-pass
d y n a m i c progr a m m i n g )

M S E L V (maximum
saf e t y ext r a low
v o 1 tag e)

MPDW (mu 1 1 1 pair dis tr ibu t ion wire)

MPS (model
sys tem)

MTBF (mean time-before-failure)

power

;
/
/

MPSS ( mi cr oprocessor'
based power s ys te m
s tab i 1 ize r )

MTBF (mean time

be tween fa i lures)

/
/

;

//

MR ( m a g n e t o r h e o l o g i 1) e f fe ct

I (mean time
b e tween i n t e r r u p
tions)

/


/
MS

/
/;
/
/

(make sw i t c h )

MS

(master

MTDC ( m u l t i t e r m i n a l
d i rect cu rrent)

switch)

//

;
/ /
/ /

MS (max im um
secur i t y )

MTF (mean time

to failure)

MSDPR (multi-stage
dual p r i o r i t y
r e g u 1a t o r )

;
/
/

'
6-

-43-

MTTR (mean time

to restore normal
opera t io n )

N DP (non-del ivered
powe r )
CM. NDE

NDR ( n e g a t i v e d i f
fe ren t i a 1 r e s i s
tance)

MWG (metr i' wi re

gauge)

NE ( n e u t r a l - t o - e a r t h ) v o 1tage

MWV (maximum
work i ng voltage)

NEC (National
Elect r i c a l C o d e )

//

NBS (New Brit i s h

s tand a rd / impe rial
w i r e gauge/)

NEC (numerical
electromagnetic
code)

NCC (National
control centre)

NECS (National
Elect r i c a l Code
S tandards)

//

NCI ( n a t u r a l l y comm u t a t e d inverter)

NCP ( n o n - c o i n c i d e n t
peak)

NEL
for

//

(net ene r g y
load)

- /
/

NDE (n o n - d e 1 ivered
energy)

NESC (National
Electric Safety

/
/

Code)

NDE ( n o n - d e s t r u c t i v e
exam ina t io n )

-44-

N-G ( n e u t r a l - t o -g r o u n d )

- ; /
/

NHP (nominal
powe )

N-UG (non-util tty

generator)

horse-

,
.
N L (

load)

NVR (n o - v o l t a g e
release)

NLC (no n - l i n e a r
compen sa ti o n )

N LR (n o n - 1 inear
resistor)

(oper a t i o n
mai n t e n a n c e )

N MC (n on-me ta i c
shea t h e d cable)

NPS ( n e gative
sequ e n c e )

OAT (operating
a c c e p t a n c e test)

phase

NPS

(nuclear

st at i on)

and

power

(oil-cooled)

( o v e r current)

,
,

NSDD (non-sustained
disruptive d is
charge)

(oppos i te
c o m m u t a t o r end)

//
,

NTU ( n o n - f l a m m a b l
t r a n s f o r m e r unit)

OCR ( o i l - c i r c u i t
recloser)

N UG (non-u t i 1 i ty 1
generation)

-45-


//

OCS (over s p e e d
control system)

0 LI (osc i 11 atory
lightning i 1s e )

(optical c u r
rent tra n s d u c e r )

0L0 (o n - 1 ine
ope r a tJ on)

(optical c u r
rent t r a n s f o r m e r )

DL (open dead
line)

(on-line

test)

0 LTC (on-load
tap chang in g )

//

OER (op e r a t i o n a l
equipment requiremen t)

0 I ( o n e - m a c h i n e - inf in i t e - b u s )
sys tern

0FC ( i 1 - f i 1 led
cable)

ONS (off-normal
switch)

OFR (over f r e q u e n c y
relay)

OP GW (compos Ite
over h e a d fiber optic
ground wire)

0 GE ( o p e rating
ground e q u i p m e n t )

/
/


-
/ /

OLT

(o v e r h a u 1)

'

OPGW (optical
ground wire)

01 V/ ( o i l - i m m e r s e d
wa t e -coo 1e d )

-46-

/ /
/

/
/

OPR ( o p e n - p h a s e
relay)

PAU (port a b l e
a n a l y z e r unit)

ORPF (optimal
r e a c t i v e power

(powe f u 1
battery)

flow)

OS

//

(overspeed)

;
;

i cu i t )

PC

( p r o d u c t i o n cost)

/ /

OS I (o s c 1 11 a tor
swi tch ing i 1se)

PC ( p r o g r a m m a b l e
con t 11 )

OSPM ( o u t - o f - s e r v i c e
preventive m a in t e
nance)

(protection

c l us t e r )

A (p o l y p h a s e
i rcu it a n a l y z e r )

OV (overvoltage)

;

;

OVP ( o v e r v o l t a g e
p r o t ection)

( p o l y c h l o r i n a t e d
b ip h e n y l ) filled

OVR

(power

/
/

(overvoltage

relay)

-47-

PCB ( p ol y c hl or i na t e d
b i pheny 1) l i qui d
coo l i ng

//

(power cont rol
cent re)

CS ( power cond i t ion ing sys tem)

;


/, /

(pro tec t ive

earthing)

PE F (par t ia 1
e n e r g y function)

P E G A (p r o b a b i 1 i s t ic
electricity genera
tion a nalysis)

perm

(permeability)

PESE (plant e l e c t r i
cal s y stems and
equ ipmen t)

PDA (partial d i s
c h a r g e a nalyzer)

PETS ( p r o t e c t i o n
equ ipmen t test
s s t e m )

PDF (p robab i 1 i ty
d e n s i t y function)

P D I V (partial d i s -

PF
of

(probability
failure)

cha rge i ncep t ion

voltage)

PFC (power factor

con tr 11e r)

/ /

PDS (power d e l i
very system)

PFC (power factor

cor r e c t i o n )

PDS (power d i s t r i b u
tion s p e c i f i c a t i o n )

PFO ( p r o b a b i l i t y
of f 1as hove )

-48-

PI (p roport io n a 1
plus in teg r a 1)
con t 11e r

FT ( p iecew ise
Fourier transform)

PID (propor t io n a 1
p4 u s r e c e t )
control 1e r

P FI (power fail
in ter ru p t)

ILC (paper-i nsulated 1e a d - c o v e r e d )

cable

PFV (peak forward

voltage)

IUMP (plug in unit

m o u n t ing pane 1)

PGA (power g e n e r a
ting assembly)

;
;

IV (pull-in
voltage)

PGF ( p r o b a b i 1 Ity
generating func
tion) m e t h o d

LF (p r o b a b i1 is t ic
load flow)

PGS (power g e n e r a
ting system)

//
;

P M S M ( permanent
magnet synchronous
motor)

PHA (pulse h e i g h t
analysis)

(power-off)

PHD (pulse hei g h t

distribution)

P O N M ( p r o b a b i 1 i ty
of n e g a t i v e m a r g i n )

Pi ( p e r f o r m a n c e
index)

pp

(peak power)

7-1

-49-

 (prov is ion ing

parts b reakdown)

P L (powe level)

LC (powe line
carrier)

PPLP ( p o l y p r o p y l e n e
laminated paper)
insulation

- ,

LF (plant

f act or)

//

1oad

( p e r m a n e n t
m a g n e t tester)

PM ( p e r f o r m a n c e
mon i tor in g )

;
;

PM

( p a p e r - p o l y p r o 1 - )
i n sulation

//

(pilot motor)

PM

(pool
price)

(p o l a r i t y mark)

/
/

PPS (pos i 1 1v

(polymethyl
methacrylate)
i n s u lation

pha s e

(power p o t e n
tial tran s f o r m e r )

//

^
//

R (power

reactor)

(power-off)

sequence)

( p e r m a n e n t - m a g n e t m o v i n g coil)

purchase

PR

(power

relay)

( tent i 1 plug)

PROSD ( p e r f o r m a n c e
records for o p t i m i
zing system des i g n )

-50-





PS

(packet

PSP (pumped
s to ag plant)

switch)

PSPS (pumped* s t o r a g e power

PS

(phase

st at i on)

shifter)

; ;
;


P/S

(power

PSU (power
sup p l y unit)

station)

PSW (poten t ia 1
swi t c h )

PS

(power

supply)

PS

(pull

PT ( p e r f o r m a n c e
tests)

swi tch)

;

;

PTFE ( p o l y t e t r a f 1u oroe thy 1ene)

insu 1at ion

PSD (phase sens itive de t e c t o r )

//

PTI ( p r o g r a m m a b l e
test instrument)

P S D M (power system
d i s t u r b a n c e monitor)

PTIS (price t r a n s
m i s s i o n and i n s t r u
m e n t a t i o n system)

PSM (peak shaving

method)

//;

PSP (poo 1 selling

price)

/
/

(power

take-off)

7-2

-51-

PVL ( p r o t e c t i v e
v o l t a g e level)

( p o int-to-point)
transmission

/
/

pt/pt (point-to-point) trans m i s s i o n
CM.

PVR (precise
v o l t a g e reference)

PTV ( p u n c h - t h r o u g h
voltage)

PVV (phase v e c t o r
vol t m e t e r )

P U (pickup)

; ;
; ;

PU

PW

(plug g a b l e unit)

PU

PWCF (pre s e n t w o r t h
cos t of fai l u r e s )

(plug-in unit)

(phase wire)

/
/

UMP (plug-in unit

m o u n t i n g panel)

PV (pulsing
vol tage)

q - (quad a t u r e ) axis

/
/

PVCF (present value
cos t of failure)

QB

(quick break)

QM

(qu ick-make)

//

/
/;
-
//

//
QMB (quick m a k e - a n d -break) c o n t a c t

-52-



QOD

RCM ( r e l i a b i l i t y
centered m a i n t e
nance)

(qu ick-open ing

- >

device)

QP (quasi-peak)
read ing

RDM (record ing

d e m a n d meter)

QRC ( q u a s i - r e s o n a n t
conver t e r )

RDP (radial dist r i bu tor p tec t io n )

RE (rural
electrification)

R
R (reset,

resetting)

,

RC

RE CL

(reclosing)

//
;
//

(rear c o n n e c t i o n )

RC ( res i sta n c e - c a i t a n c e )

REOP ( reliable
emergency output
power)

- ; - ; rc-

RES

R-C (es i stor-ca i to )

(reserve)

-;
-

RES (residual
e l e c t r i c s t reng t h )

RC (reg io n a 1
control center)

RF

(res e r v e factor)

RCD ( reverse
c u r r e n t device)

RF (running
frequency)

-53-

RH J ( ru bber

jacket )

hose

//

R-P

Rl ( r e f l e c t i v e
insulation)

(rod-plane)

^-"

RI (re inforced
insulation)

RPD (react ive

power di s p a t c h )

RIACT (remote i n d i
c ation and con t inuous test) system

RP L ( r e a 1-power
t r a n s m i s s i o n losses)

RL ( es is t a n c e - induc t a n c e )

RPM ( r e d u n d a n t
pulse m e t e r i n g )

- ;
-

RP ( r e v o l u t i o n s
per mi nu t e )

RMS ( r o o t - m e a n -square) value

//

;
;

RPR

(reverse-phase

rel ay)

ROC (required
operational c a p a
bility)

RPS (regional
power system)

RPS ( r e v o l u t i o n s
per second)

R OCOF (rate of
c h a n g e of f r e q u e n c y )

//
'

R-R

RODS (real time

operating, dispatch
and s c h e duling)
sys tem

(rod-rod)

- "
RR (round rod)
condu to

-54-

RRES ( r e l a t i v e
dual e l e c t r i c
s treng th)

RV (reduced
v o 1t a g e )

resi

RWG (R o e b 1 ing wire

gauge)

/ /
RS

(rapid

start)

start)

SA ( s u r g e - a b s o r p
tion) c a p a c i t o r

RS (rapid
1am

//

RSS (rotary s t e p
ping switch)

SAS (safety assesm e n t system)

RTD ( r e f e r e n c e t e m
p e r a t u r e d e t ector)

SAS (stati s t i c a l
a n a l y s i s sys tern)

RTD ( r e s i s t a n c e t e m
p e r a t u r e de t e c t o r )

SAT (site a c c e p
tance test)

RTG

(rating)

;
;
RTS (rated
strength)

S -B-S ( s t e p - b y -step) nu m e r i c a l
in tegr a t ion

tens i 1e

//

SC (series cap a c i tor)

RTS ( r e l i a b i l i t y
test system)

;

RTU (remote
nal unit)

SC

termi

( s i n g l e contact)

S (solar cell)

-55-

SC (super!m posed
current)

SCG ( s u p e r c o n d u c
ting g e n e r a t o r )

SC (sw i tched
c a i t o r ) bank

SCL ( s p a c e - c h a r g e - 1 im i t e d ) cu r ren t

SCADA (supervisory
control and d a t a
acquIs i t ion system)

S F (secu i ty- c o n s t r a i n e d optimal

power flow)

/
/

, or

SCAP (silent c o m p a c t
aux i 1 iary p o w e r )

$ R (shor t-c i cu i t

r at i o)

SCC (system control

center)

//

SCXLPE (semi c o n d u c t i ng cross 1 inked

p o 1ye thy 1ene)

SCCL (series c a p a
citor c o m p e n s a t i o n

level)

SCXLPO (semiconducti ng crossl inked

polyolefin)

SCD (series
itor dev i )

SCU (series
c o m p e n s a t ion unit)

SCLC ( s p a c e - c h a r g e -4 imi t e d - c urrent)

//

SCU (station
control un i t)

SCDRTP ( s e m i c o n d u c ting d e f o r m a t i o n
resistant therm o p l a s
tic p o 1ye thy 1ene)

//

S D (shu t d o w n )

-56-

; ;
; ;

S FS D (s teep-f ron t ,
s h o r t duration)
pulse

SDD (salt d e p o s i t
dens i ty)

Sf"SD (steep front-sh o r t durati on)

su rg e

SDN (sw itched

d ig i t a 1 network)

se

SHE (standard
h y d r o g e n e l e ctrode)

(set)

; ;
;

SEER (seasonal
energy efficiency

SHP (shaft h o r s e
power)

r at i o)

. .

S I ( su 1emen t
insu 1at ion)

SEGS (solar e l e c t r i c
g e n e r a t i n g system)

S I (spec if 1
inductive capacity)

S E L V (safety e xtra
low voltage)

SF

(stable

SIL (swi tch ing

impulse level)

failu re)

SFC (static f r e
q u e n c y conve r t e r )

SI ( s e p a r a t e - t y p e
internal o i l - c o o l e d
cable)

sfgd

(safeguard)

;
SFR (system f r e
q u e n c y response)
m od e 1

SIR (scheduled in
spection and repair)

8-1
-57-

SIR (source
dance/relay
ratio)

impesettinq

SMPS (switch m o d e
power supply)

S LGF (s ing line

to gro u n d f a u 1t )

SMES (s u p e r c o n d u c tive m a g n e t i c energy

s torage)

//

SLO-BLO
(fuse)

(slow-blow)

- /
/

SMP (sys tern m a r g i

nal price)

/
/

SLR (system load

research) p r o g r a m

/ /

SM

SMVC ( swi tch- m o d e

VAR c o m p e n s a t o r )

( s e c u r i t y margin)

SMD (solar m a g n e
tic d i s tu rbance)

S N (solid

neutral)

;

SME ( s u p e r c o n d u c t i v e
m a g n e t i c energy)
s torage

SNOIBS ( s ingle-mach in e - q u a s i- inf in i te-bu sbar

sys tern)

SMECC (substation
m a x i m u m earth c u r
rent c o m p u t a t i o n )
p rogram

SOC (standard t ing cond i t io n s )

SOCC (system o p e r a
tions control center)

SMP (system
m a r g i n a l price)

-58-

SONR (second o rder

Newton-Raphson)
me thod

SPM (supply
pr i c i n g m o d e l )

-

SOTS
tion

SPS (short break

power supply)

(system o p e r a
training

simulator)

SPS (s imu 1 taneou s

p u r c h a s e and sale)

//

SOV (switching
overvoltage)

SPS (single
sw itch in g )

SPDTDB ( s i n g l e - p o l e
d o u - th ow
double-break)

SQCG (squirrel-cage)

//

SP

pole

" /

/

(storage plant)

SR

(series

relay)

S P D T N C D S (single-pole d o u b l e - t h r o w
norma 1 1y - c 1osed
dou b 1e-break)

SR

(speed

recorder)

//

SR (spinning
ese rve)

SPE (solid polymer

1 t 1 te)

SR ( s t a n d a r d
res i s t o r )

SPP F (sma 1 1 power

p r o d u c i n g facility)

SRC (system r e s
ponse c h a r a c t e r i s
tic)

8-2

-59-

S/S

s ta (station)

(su bs ta t ion)

//;

SSAC (steel s u p p o r
ted a l u m i n i u m c o n
ductor)

sta

STC ( s e l f - t u n i n g
control)

/
/

SSDC ( s u b s y n c h r o n o u s
d amp ing con tr 1)

STC (standard
cond i t io n s )

SS FOR (sw i tch ing

surge flashover' rate)

S S F R (s tand still
f r e q u e n c y response)

STEPS (solar therm ion i e 1ec t r i c

power system)

SSM (system secur i ty mon i t o r )

STEPS ( s u p e r c o n d u c ting t e c h n o l o g y for

e l e c t r i c a l power
s s terns)

state

/
/

STHTD ( s h o r t - t e r m
hyd-therma1 di s
patch) p r o b l e m

SSSE (sol id state

static exc i ta t ion)
sys t e m

ST (serv ice

test

SSR (steady
rating)

(stator)

STR (s e 1f - tun ing

r e g u 1a t o r )

test)

-60-

STR

(static

r at i ng)

thermal

syn sw ( s y n c h r o n i
zing sw i tch)

/
/



SU

T
T (teleme ter in g )

(startup)

/ /;

T - ( transm iss io n )
line

SUT (system u n d e r
test)

( t h e r m a 1
ammeter)

SVC (static var

compensator)

( t h e r m a 1
c o n d u c t iv i ty)

SVC (static
v o 1tage con t r o l )

( t i m e - c u r r e n t
curve)

SW

(spot weld)

TCP ( thyristor c o n
trolled capac i t o r )

SW A (s in g 1e-wi re)
cable

TD

( test ing device)

S W G (British
Standard w i r e gauge)

3TDC ( t h r e e - t e r m i
nal d i rec t current)

SWG (Stribs wi r e
gauge)

TDC

SWGR; swgr
(sw i tchg ea r )

(time delay

closi ng)

-61-

2 TDC ( t w o - t e r m i n a l
d i rec t current)

TDEL

TEV (thermo
e l e c t r i c vo l t a g e )

(time delay)

TDO (time d e l a y
open in g )

TFA (transfer
func t i o n a n a l y z e r )

TDS ( t i m e - d e l a y
swi tch)

TFC ( toro id 1
field coil)

TDX (torque differen t ia 1 transmi t t e r )

TFD

(thermal

TFL ( t r a n s i e n t
fault locator)

element)

/ ( tab 1es of
equ ipmen t )

TEF ( t r a n s i e n t
energy function)

TFR (tower f o o t i n g
es is t a n c e )

FC ( t o t a l l y - e n
closed fan - c o o l e d )

D (total h a r m o n i c
distortion)

/
/

TEG ( t h e r m o e l e c t r i c
g enerator)

TES (thermal
s torage)

frequency

(total

devi at i on)

energy

THFA ( t h r e e - c o n d u c tor heat- and f l a m e r e s istant) c able

-62-

TNS (t r a n s i e n t
n e t w o r k simulator)

TIC ( t e m p e r a t u r e in
d i c a t i n g con t r o l l e r )

,

TL

TOR ( the r m a 1
o v e r l o a d relay)

(transmission

loss)

//;

TOTF ( t r a n s m i s s i o n
o u t a g e task force)

T L I (tu bular linear

indu c t ion motor)

T OV ( t e m p o r a r y
overvoltage)

;

;

( transm i ss ion
line o p t i m i z a t i o n
program)

//

T L O R (transfer
lockout relay)

T O V (t r a n s i e n t
overvoltage)

TL R ( t r a n s m i s s i o n
line relay)

( transmit
power control)

( t r a n s i e n t
m a k i n g cu en t )

and

TP I (turns
inch)

per

//

(testing m e t h o d s
proced u r e s )

T P R V ( t r a n s i e n t peak
r e verse v o l t a g e )

TMPS ( t e m p e r a t u r e
m o n i t o r i n g power supply)

-63-

TPS

(thermal

power

TSA ( t r a n s i e n t s t a
bility assesment)

s t a t i o n)

TR (thermal
res i s ta n e e )

TS D ( t h e r m a 11 s t i
mulated discharge)

TR

/
/

( t ime-d e 1ay

r e l ay )

T$D$ ( t h e r m a 11 s t i
mulated d e p o l a r i z a
tion cur ren t) ^

TR ( t r a n s f o r m e r -

-rectifier)
-

TRHMWPE (tree r e s i s
tant high m o l e c u l a r
weight polyethylene)

TSES ( t r a n s i e n t stabj 1 i ty e x p e r t system)

T S P ( t h e r m a 11 s t imu 1 a ted po 1 ar i zati on )

TRIM ( tu bu 1ar 1 inear

induction motor)

TSP ( t r a n s i e n t s t a
bility p r o g r a m )

TRTF ( transm iss ion

r e l i a b i l i t y task
force)

/
/

T S P C ( t h e r m a 1 1
s t i m u l a t e d d e c a y of
surface potential)

TRXLPE (tree r e s i s
tant cross I inked
polyethylene)

TS ( t e m p e r a t u r e
sw i tch)

TSPC (thermal
stipulated po la ri
zation current)

TS

(time

switch)

64

 ( tes ting time)

( thermomagnetic
t rea tmen t )

TT ( t r i ppi ng
t r a ns f e r )

2/c (two conductor)

; -^

TTDC ( two-terminal
d i rect cur rent)
CM. 2 TDC
TTF ( tes t - t o -f a i lure)
;

;

TTVM (thermal
t ransf er v ol t met er )

TVDC ( t e s t v o l t s ,
d i r e c t current)


TVMS ( t orsi onal
vi br at i on mon i tor i ng system)


TVS ( t r ans i ent v o l
tage suppressor)

TVT ( t i m e - v a r i a b l e
transformer)

TW ( trapezo ida 1
wire) condu c t o r

TW

( true-watt)

twr

(tower)

/
/

UAT (unit a u x i
liaries t r a n s f o r m e r )

//

UC

(undercurrent)

UC

(unloaded coil)

UCF (unit c a p a
bility f a c t o r )

UCLF ( unplanned
c a p a b i l i t y loss

factor)

9-1

-65-

UPP (universal
pulse p r o cessor)

UDLM ( u n i f o r m l y d i s
tributed load model)

/
/

UPS ( u n i n t e r r u p table power supply)

UF (u n d e r f r e q u e n c y )

;

; ^

Ujn { 5 0 % b r e a k d o w n
vo l t a g e )

50%-

UFR ( u n d e r f r e q u e n c y
relay)

URD ( u n d e r g r o u n d
res id en t i 1 d i s
tribution)

UG

(underground)

UHPS ( u n d e r g r o u n d
hydroelectric
pumped storage)

US

UL

(und e r s p e e d )

;
;

USS (uni t s u b
station)

( u nderload)

;
;

;
;

ULTC (under* load

tap cha n g i n g )
transformer

UT ( u n d e r g r o u n d
t an sm i s s ion )

UV ( u n d e r v o l t a g e )

UOC ( u l t i m a t e t io n a 1 c a p a b i l i t y )

UV/m (m ic r o v o 1 t
per meter)

//

UPM (units
per mill ion)

-66-

UVR ( u n d e r - v o l t a g e
relay)

VCM (vibrating
mag netome ter)

VCO (v o l t a g e c o n
trolled osc i 11a t o r )

VAC ( v a r i a b l e air
capac i t o r )

VAM

VCR ( v o l t a g e - c o n trolled resistor)

(v o 1 t a m m e t e r )

V A R H M (VAR-hour
meter)

VD (voltage d e t e c
tor)

VC (varn i s h e d
c ambr ic )

VDC (voltage,
d i rec t cu r ren t)

VC

coil

( v oltage c h a nger)

V D C O L (voltage
d e p e d e n t cur r e n t
o r d e r ? im ? te r )

VC ( v o ltage
col 1 apse)

VC (v o 1 tage
comparator)

V D C T (direct- c u r r e n t test volts)

VC (v o 1tage
compensator)

VDCW (direct-current
w o r k i n g volt)

VC (v o 1 tage
con t r o l ) mod e

V D R (voltage-d iv iding resistor)

VCD (voltage
con trol device)
9-2

-67-

VEC (va r i a b l e
e n e r g y cost)

VSF ( v o l t a g e
s t a b i l i t y f t o r )

VEC (v o l t a g e e n d u
rance c o e f f i c i e n t )

VSR ( v o l t a g e - sensi ng relay)

VS RR ( v o l t a g e - s o u r ced revers ib 1e
rect if ier)

V 50 ( 50 % - f 1 a s h o v e
voltage)

50%-

-,

VFT (very fast

trans ie n t )

VSS ( v a r i a b l e
s t r u c t u r e system)

VLD (very 1ong d i s

tance) t r a n s m i s s i o n

VSS (volt a g e - sens ing switch)

/
/

VOM (volt - o h m -m i 1 1 iamme t e r )

VST (volt a g e s e t
ting terminal)

-
/
/

VS ( v oltage c h a n g e
over sw i t c h )

VT ( v o l t m e t e r
therma 1)

VS ( v o l t a g e - s o u r c e
conver t e r )

VTB ( v o l t a g e - t o -br e a k d o w n )

/
/

VSCF (variable-speed
constant-frequency)

V - towe

v - /
/

VSF ( v oltage s e n s i
tivity factor)

-68'

( ) ( w a t t - h o u r
m et er )

VTS (v o 1tmeter
transfer switch)

W H T ( w att-hour
m e te r , thermal

W D (voltage/VAR
d is pa t c h )

type)

WIT

(wire-in-tube)

VVT (v a i a b l - v o l
tage-transformer)

W O F ( w e ar-out
fa i lure)

WA

WR (wall
t a c 1e)

WS (wi nd ing spec if i ca t io n )

( w ir e - a r m o r e d )

W A F (wiring
f rame)

ar o un d

WW

WC

(wire cable)

W S V (wi thstand
voltage)

(wiring d iagram)

/
/ ;

WT

(water

treeing)

W D () (watt
d em an d meter)

W T R (water
r e ta r d a n t )

WF

(wireway)

//
WD

recep-

tree

( w ea r- ou t

W W d c (working v o l t ,
d i rect c u r rent)

fa i l ur e )

W H D M ( w at t - h o u r
d em an d m et e r)

-69-

X
XLPE (cross - 1 inked
p o l y e t h y l e n e ) I n s u
lation

zc (zero c a l i b r a
tion)

ZVS ( z e r o - v o l t a g e
switc h i n g )

Y
YD

/
/

( s ta r- de lt a)

// -

-70-


,

( A s s o c i a t i o n
of E n er g y Engi n e e r s )

( A s s o c i a t i o n
of A m e r i c a n B a t t e r y
Manu f turers)

(Au s tr 1 i
E l e c t r i c a l and
Electronic Manufac
turers A s s o c i a t i o n )

( Am erican A s s o
c i at i on of E l e c t r i
cal E n g in e er s )

-
ABB ( A S E A /B r ow n
Bover i)

ASEA // B r ow n
B o v e r i /, /

( )S ( A m er i c a n
1 t 1 a t e r s 1
Soc i et y )

(Advised C o m
m i t t e e on E le ct r ic a l
A p p 1 iances and
A c c e s s o r ies)

S 1 A ( A s s o c i a t i o n
of the E l e c t r i c i t y
S u p p l y I n d u s t r y of
E a s t Asia)

( Am er i ca n
Council for E n e r gy - E f f i c i e n t Economy)

A N ZS ES (Australi an
and New Z e a l a n d
Sol a r E n e r g y S o c iety)

( A u t o m o ti v e
E l e c t r i c Ass oc i at ion)

(Am e r i c a n Pub1 i P ow e r A ssoc iat ion)

-71-

ASES ( Am er ic an S olar
E n e r gy Society)

(Cali forn ia
E n e r gy C om i s s i o n )

CEE ( I n t er n a t i o n a l
C o mi s s i o n on Rules
for the Approval of
E le ct r ic a l E q u i p m e n t )

ASSE ( Am er i ca n
Soc i ty of S a f e ty
E n gi n ee r s)

A S T A ( A s s o c i at i on
of Shor t-C i rcu i t
T e s t in g A u t h o r i t i e s ,

CEIDP ( C o n f e r e n c e on
E le ct r i c a l I n s u l a
tion and D i e l e c t r i c
p henomena)

Inc. )


//

/,
, /

A W E A ( Am er ic an Wind
E n e r g y A s s o c i a ti o n)

C E NE L EC (Euro p e a n
Comm i ttee for
Elec t r o t e c h n ic a 1
S tand ard iza t ion )

AWS ( Am er ic an W e l
ding S ociety)

A S (Br it is h A p p r o
vals S e r v i c e for
E l e ct r ic a l Cables)

CEPS I ( C o n f e r e n c e on
the E l e c t r i c P ower
S u p p l Indu s try)

CERL (Central
electri ci ty research
1a b o r a t o r ies)

BICC (British Insu1a ted Cal 1end 1s

Cables)

//

BR A ( British
Assoc iat ion)

Robot

CERT (E u r o p e a n
Parliament's Commit
tee for
Energy

-72-



//

R e s e a r c h and T e c h
nology)

CSA (Canadian
Sta n da rd A s s o c i a ti o n )

(Comb in ed H ea t
and Pow er A s s o c i a
tion)

DEIS ( D i e l e c t r i c s
and Elect r i c a l I n s u
lation Society)

//

CIGRE ( i n te r na t i o na l
C o n f e r e n c e on Large
E l e c t ri c al S y s t e m s )

ASA (Electrical
A p p a r at u s S e r v i c e
As s oc ia t io n )

//

C I PC A ( C o g e n e r a t i o n
and I n d e p e n de n t we Ii t ion of
Amer i c a )

LP (Co nn ec t i cu t
Light and Power)

(Electrical
Contractors Associa
tion)

-
ECF ( lectr ical
Contractors Federa
tion)

//

ECN ( lectr ical

C o n t r a c t i n g News)

ComEd ( C o m m o n w e a l t h
Ed i s o n )

E CN SW ( E l e c t r i c i t y
C o r p o r a t i o n of N e w
Sou th Wales)

CRIEPI (Central
R e s e ar c h I n st it ut e
of E l e c t r i c Power
Indu s t r y )

//

-
10-1

-73-

EOCI (El e c t r i c
o v er h e a d c r a n e
Ins t i tu te)

ECS ( E l e c t r o c h e m i
cal S oc iety)

//

I (Ed i son E l e c t
ric I ns t i tu te)

ERC (Ene r g y
R e se ar c h C o r p o r a
tion)

//

( El ec trical
and E l e c t r o n i c s M a n u
f a c tu r er s ' A s s o c i a
tion of Canada)

E RC O T ( E l e c t r i c a l
R e l i a b i l i t y Counc i 1
of Texas)

//

EEN (Elect ri ca l
E q u i p m e n t News)

EPRI ( E l ec t r i c
Power R e s e a r c h
Ins t i tu te)

-
//

G S (E le ct ri ca l
G e n e r a t i n g S ys t em s
Marketing Associa
tion)

RB ( E l e c t r i c a l
R es e ar c h Board)

//

E I A (E ne rg y I n f o r m a
tion A d m i n i s t r a t i o n )

E S ( E l e c t r i c i t y
S u pp l y A s s o c i a t i o n
of A u st r a l i a )

LCON ( E l e c t r i c i t y
C o n s u me r s R es ou rc e
nc i 1)

ESCOM (Electricity
S u pp l y Conrfssion)

//

ELP ( El ec tr ic
and Power)

Light

ETL ( E l e c t r o t e c h n i
cal L a b o r a t o r y )

//

//

-74_

F E RC (Federal
E n e r gy R e g u l a t o r y
Comm i ss ion)

ICC ( I n s u 1a ted
C o n d u c t o r C o mmittee)

//

ICEL ( I n d u s t r y C o m
m i t t e e for E m e r g i n g

Li ght i ng)

GPU (Gene ra 1 P u b l i c
U t i l i t y Corp)

//

ICS D ( In te t ionaI
C o n f e r e n c e on C o n
d u c t i o n and B r e a k H
d ow n in Solid

H V T R C (High Vo 1tage ,
T r a n s m i s s i o n Research
Center)

Di el ectrics)

no

-


//

I A ( I n t e r n a t i o n a l
E n er g y Agency)

HVTRF (High-Voltage
Tr an sm i s s ion
R e se a rc h Fac i 1 i ty)

1500

1985 .
EPRI / " P r o j e c t

IEEIE ( I n s t i t u t i o n
of E le c t r i c a l and
E l ec t r o n i c a l I n c o r
porated E n g i n e e r s )

-

//

V/

IES ( I l l u m i n a t i n g
E n g i n e e r i n g Socie t y )

II ( In terna t iona 1
Association Electrical Inspectors)

//

IETA ( I n t e r n a t i o n a l
E le ct r i c a l Test ing
Assoc iat ion )

IBEW ( in t er n at i on a l
B r o t h e r h o o d of
E l ec t ri c al W or k er s )

10-2

-75-

 ( M a g n e t i c
P o wd e r Core A s s o c i a
tion)

I FAC ( In te rn a ti o na l
F e d e r a ti o n of A u t o
matic Control)

MPS ( Modern P ower
Systems)

IFIEC ( In te rn a ti o na l
F e d e r a t i o n of I n d u s t
rial E n e r g y C o n s u
mers)

"
* /
,
/

MSU (M i dd l e S ou t h
U t il it i e s )

I ( Insula tejd
Power Cables E n g i
neers A s so c ia t io n )

//

//

NAPE (Nati o n a l A s
s o c i at i o n of P o w e r
Eng ineers)

I ( I n d e p en d en t
P o we r P r o du c er s )

N A R M ( National
A s s o c i a t i o n of
Relay M a n u f a c t u r e r s )

LADWP (Los A n ge l es
D e p a r t m e n t of W at er
and Power)

-
-
//

NAS (National
A s s o c i a t i o n of S t a t e
E n er g y O f f i c i a l s )

MAIN ( i d - A m e ican
Interconnected
N e twork)

//

N C A E C (North Colif or ni a A l t e r n a t i v e
E n er g y C o r p o r a t i o n )

( M i d - C o n t i n e n t
Area P o w e Poo 1)

-
//

//

-76-

 /
/

N CPA ( N or th er n C a l i
fornia Power Agency)

13

N I (Na t io n a 1 I n d e
p e nd en t Energy
Producer s )

NEES (New Engl an d

E le c tr ic al Sys t e m )

NIST (Na t io n a 1
Ins t i tu te of S tand ar d s and T e c h n o logy)

N E MA (National
Electric Manufac
turers A ss oc i at i on )

//

N LDN (N a t i o n a 1
L i g ht n i n g D e t ector
N et work)

N E PC O (National
E n er g y P r o d u c t i o n
C o r p or at io n)

NEPP (New Eng 1 and
Powe r Pool)

NORDEL

//
CM.

N P P C ( No r t h w e s t
Pow e r P l a n n i n g
Counc i 1)

N EP 0 0L
NEPP
NHPC (National
yd - 1 tr i
Po we r C o rp o ra ti on )

-

//

//

NSH E B (North S c o t 1and H y d r o E 1ectr ic i ty Board)

N 1C E IC (National
Inspec ti on Counc i 1
for E l ec tr ic al
Ins t a 11 a t ion C o n
tracting)

-77-

N W P P A (North W e s t
P u bl i c P ower
Association)


//

( P e r m a n e n t mag*
net p r o d u c e r s A s s o
ciation)

N Y P A (New Y ork
Power A u th o r i t y )

- //

( P r e c i s i o n
Potentiometer M a n u
f ac tu re r s A s s o c i a
tion)

OLADE (Latin
A m e r i c a n E ne rg y
O r g a n! z a t i o n )

ORNL ( O a k - R i d g e
Nati on al La bo ra t or y )

PSRC (Power Sy s t e m
Relaying C o m m i t t e e )

-
//

PASNY (Power A u t h o
rity of the S ta te
of N ew-York)

P TD A (Power T r a n s
m i s s io n D i s t r i b u t o r s
Assoc ia t io n )

- //

P C E A (Pa ci fi c C oast
E l e c t r i c Association)

P U H C A ( P ublic Uti1 ity H o l d i n g C o m

pany Act)

//

(Power and C o m
munication Contrac
tors A s s o c i a t i o n )

PUP (Power Users

Protection Council)

//

P G C A (Power G e n e r a t ion C o n t r a c t o r s 1
A s s o c iat ion)

P U R P A (P u b l i c Uti1 i ty R e g u l a t o r y
P o l i c y Act)

/
/
PGE ( P ac if ic
and E l e c t r i c

//

Gas
)

//

RWMA

-78-

(Resistance


//

Wolder Manufactu
rers A s s o c i a t i o n )

S S (South S cotland E 1ec tr ic i ty

Board)

S E C V (State E l e c t r i
c i ty C o m m i ss i on of
V i ct o ri a )

//

SSPB (Sw e d i s h S t a t e
P o w e r Board)

S E C W A (State E l e c t r i
city C o m m i s s i o n of
Wes tern Aus tr a 1 ia)

(T o k y o
E l e c t r i c Power
Company)

/
/

S E RC (Sci en ce and
Engineering Research
Cou nc i 1)

TMI (Three Mile

Island) p l a n t

//

SERC ( S ou th er n
Electric Realibility
Counc i1)

TU

(Texas

U t i 1 i ties)

//

,111

U I A (Union of I n
t er na ti o n a l T e c h n i c a 1 Ass o c ia t ionfc)

S M M A (Small Motor
Manufacturers
A s s o c i a ti o n)

UKA E C (Uni ted K i n g

dom A t o m i c E n e r g y
Comm i ss io n )

SPA (Sta te P ower

A u t h or i ty)

//

WA (Wire A s s o c i a
tion)

SPP (South power

poo l)

-79-

WG

(working group)

W S C C (We s t e r n Systern C o o r d i n a t i n g
Counc i 1)

//

..
..
..
. . 1 8 .0 1 .9 1 .
b(Jx84/Ib. . .2
. . . . . 4, 65. . .- . 4, 84.
.- . . 3, 34.
4
1550 . I .

-
I I7 2 I8 , , -218, ., . 1 4 , . 1
, I400I0, -10, , . ,
., 403

. . . .
. . 1991, 180