DRAIN _ from bedside Dr Abid, (noted by Qhas) tq ;)

1) Internal or External
- External: fr inside of body to outside, e.g; Foley Catheter, Chest tube, nephrostomy tube
- Internal: Inside the body, e.g; Ventriculoperitoneal shunt, double J stent (pig tail stent) in urology

2) Active or Passive
- Active: e.g; Vacuum assisted drainage (negative pressure to positive pressure)=VAD
- Passive: No different in pressure gradient, but drainage occur due to gravity (capillary effect), more
event facilitated by gravity or capillary effect. ; e.g,Foley catheter/CBD, abdominal drainage (cant be
active drainage because it will suck to bowel)

3) Closed or Open
- Closed: no contact with environment (but, connected to any compartment); e.g, VAD, CBD, etc
- Open: contact with the environment (but, not connected with the compartment) e.g; corrugated
drain in perianal abscess & closed with gauze, but high risk of infection in biliary drainage.

4) Material
- Latex; T tube,
- PVC;
- Silastic with fiber
- Silicon; eg. VP shunt (inert, no tissue reaction), Foley catheter

5) Content inside the drainage

- Blood
- Hemoserous (mix blood n serous)
- Pus
- Etc (anything that u can see)

6) Indication
- Prophylactic: to reduce dead space, if not abscess can form
- Therapeutic: In oesogastric decompression
- Life saving: Chest tube insertion in severe pneumothorax
- Monitoring: Foley catheter

7) Complication
- Neurovascular injury: in chest tube insertion
- Perforation of internal organ
- Tube itself can be dislocated, kinked, dislodged.
- etc

Summary:
There is drainage attached to left anterior neck, connected to compartment ( -ve pressure
compartment) draining the hemoserous fluid which indicated no active bleeding. The gauze is not
soaked. It is a closed drainage in which the tube is no contact with the environment. The material of
the tube that drained the fluid is made up of PVC. Regarding this pt, it is probably indicated as
prophylaxis for reducing dead space post-operatively .
Dead space= the space remaining after incomplete closure of surgical or other wounds, permitting
accumulation of blood or serum and resultant delay in healing