Fourier Transform

Infrared Spectroscopy
(FTIR)
Institute for Environmental Physics
University of Bremen
Holger Winkler
(U3225; hwinkler@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de)
University of Bremen

Institute of Environmental Physics

Outline

Infrared radiation
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
FTIR spectroscopy as a remote sensing method
FTIR measurements in Bremen

The electromagnetic spectrum

Solar spectrum + atmospheric absorption

intensity

top of atmosphere
sea level
black body (6500 K)

0.0

0.4

0.8

1.2
1.6
2.0
wavelength (m)

2.4

2.8

3.2

(Warnecke, 1991)

Infrared
Designation

Abbreviation

Wavelength
[m]

Wavenumber
[1/cm]

Near Infrared

NIR

0.78 - 3

12800 - 3333

Mid Infrared

MIR

3 - 50

3333 - 200

Far Infrared

FIR

50 - 1000

200 - 10

Wavenumber

Molecular transitions

Molecular transitions

IR MW

UV..vis

Vibrational-rotational transition (absorption)

v = vib. QN
J = rot. QN

Molecules' fingerprints
R

Spectroscopy
prism

grating

Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Michelson spectrograph

Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Michelson spectrograph

Superposition of two beams

Interference

Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Detected intensity
for a monocromatic signal:

I p~[1cos 2 p v ]
path difference

Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Detected intensity
for a monocromatic signal:

I p~[1cos 2 p v ]
path difference

Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Detected intensity
the modulated part for a polychromatic signal:

I p= B v cos 2 p v d v
spectrum

Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Detected intensity
the modulated part for a polychromatic signal:

I p= B v cos 2 p v d v
spectrum

Fourier transformation

B v = I p cos 2 p v dp

Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

Interferogram

Fourier transformation
spectrum

FTIR spectroscopy as a ground based

passive remote sensing method

Fourier transformation
2
'C:\Dokumente und Einstellungen\polguest\Eigene Dateien\021102 14_0\021102 14_0.dat'

Sunlight

1.5

Intensity
1

0.5

Beam Splitter
0
700

Moving
Mirror

Fixed
Mirror

Detector
ZPD

Volt
aire
V.

800

900

1000

1100

Wavenumber [cm-1]

1200

1300

FTIR measurements in Bremen

FTIR measurements in Bremen

O2

CO2

7765 8050 cm-1

6175 6265 cm-1

6300 6380 cm-1

0.0

0.2

Single channel
0.4

0.6

0.8

Example

8000

7500

7000

6500

6000

Information from the spectra

Aera of an absorption line

+ absorption cross section total number of absorbers (column)

Strength of rotational emission lines

population of rotational states temperature

Line broadening
Doppler broadening (thermal speed)
Pressure broadening (pressure)

FTIR measurements in Bremen

FTIR measurements in Bremen

Figure by courtesy of Ronald Macatangay

Thanks for your attention

and
Have fun with the FTIR experiment !
(1. absorption measurements in the laboratory
2. atmospheric emission measurements )