LTE Advanced Overview

May 10, 2012

Bong Youl (Brian) Cho,
brian.cho@nsn.com

Contents
LTE-Advanced Background
LTE-Advanced Technologies
Summary

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LTE-Advanced Background

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Release of 3GPP specifications

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

GSM/GPRS/EDGE enhancements

Rel 99

W-CDMA
Rel 4

1.28Mcps TDD
Rel 5

HSDPA, IMS
Rel 6

HSUPA, MBMS, IMS+

Rel 7

HSPA+ (MIMO, HOM etc.)

Rel 8

LTE, SAE
Small LTE/SAE

Rel 9 enhancements

Rel 10 LTE-Advanced

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Rel 11 LTEAdvanced

LTE User Equipment Categories

including LTE-A
LTE-Advanced devices will be based on these
User Equipment categories

Commercial LTE
devices now and near
future

Class 1
Peakrate DL/UL

Class 2

Class 3

Class 4

Class 5

Class 6

10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 Mbps 300/50 Mbps

Class 7

Class 8

300/100 Mbps 3000/1500Mbps

RF Bandwidth

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

20 MHz

40 MHz

40 MHz

100 MHz

Modulation DL

64 QAM

64 QAM

64 QAM

64 QAM

64 QAM

64 QAM

64 QAM

64 QAM

Modulation UL

16 QAM

16 QAM

16 QAM

16 QAM

64 QAM

16 QAM

16 QAM

64 QAM

MIMO DL

optional

2x2

2x2

2x2

4x4

2 x 2 or 4 x4

2 x 2 or 4 x 4

8x8

MIMO UL

no

no

no

no

no

no

2x2

4x4

Defined in initial LTE release (3GPP Release 8)

Nokia Siemens Networks

Defined in initial LTE-A release (3GPP Rel. 10)

System Performance Requirements

Average Spectral Efficiency (SE) and Edge Spectral Efficiency for LTE
Case-1
40~60% improvement of average spectrum efficiency over LTE Rel-8

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LTE-Advanced Technologies

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The LTE-Advanced toolbox for delivering more

data efficiently to wide areas and hotspots
Heterogeneous
Networks

Enhance macro network performance

Capacity and cell edge performance
enhancements by active
interference cancelation

Peak data rate scaling with

antenna paths for urban grid
and small cells

Peak data rate and

throughput scaling
with aggregated
bandwidth

Relaying

Coordinated Multipoint

8x

MIMO

MIMO

Enables focused
capacity enhancement
with small cells by
interference
coordination

Enables focused
coverage extensions
with small cells by selfbackhaul

4x

Carrier Aggregation
up to 100 MHz
100 MHz

Carrier1 Carrier2 Carrier3

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Enable efficient use of small cells

Carrier5

HeNB concept in 3GPP RAN

Idle mode
mobility
10

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Connected
mode mobility

Accessible as
macro cell

* Copyright of the above figure belongs to LG Electronics Standardization team.

Accessible
as CSG cell

Coordination b/w different cell layers

11

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TDM eICIC Principle

- combined macro+pico+HeNB case

Pico-nodes can schedule UEs with
larger RE, if not interfered from nonallowed CSG HeNB(s)

Almost blank, or
MBSFN sub-frame
Sub-frame with
normal transmission

Macro-layer
Pico-UEs
with larger
RE, close to
CSG
HeNB(s)
are
schedulable

Pico-layer

HeNB-layer

12

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Macro-eNBs and Pico-eNBs can schedule also users

that are close to non-allowed CSG HeNB(s), but not
pico-UEs with larger RE.

Relays (RN=Relay Node)

Initial focus is on fixed relays
Each relay looks like an independent cell to the UEs
Backhaul provided by an in-band connection to donor eNB
Backwards compatible cells, support Rel-8 devices
Link between BS and MS

High capacity
wired backbone

eNodeB

RN1

IP Network
IP network

Direct connection to BS possible

no high data rates without RN
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UE

BS signal is not
received well
indoors, but RN
signal level is good

CoMP Transmission in Downlink

CoMP transmission schemes in downlink

Joint processing (JP)
Joint transmission (JT): Downlink physical shared channel (PDSCH) is transmitted
from multiple cells with precoding using DM-RS among coordinated cells
Dynamic cell selection: PDSCH is transmitted from one cell, which is dynamically
selected
Coordinated scheduling/beamforming (CS/CB)
PDSCH is transmitted only from one cell site, and scheduling/beamforming is coordinated among cells
CSI feedback (FB)
Explicit CSI FB (direct channel FB) is investigated to conduct precise precoding, as well as implicit CSI FB (precoding
matrix index FB) based on Rel. 8 LTE
Tradeoff between gain and FB signaling overhead

Coherent combining or
dynamic cell selection

Joint transmission/dynamic cell selection

14

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Coordinated scheduling/beamforming

CoMP Operations JP, CS/CB

15

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Main Way-Forward in 3GPP for downlink CoMP

WF1: Academic CoMP
Standard optimization for advanced cross-cell signaling
processing
CSIRS+DMRS based CoMP
Coherent MU-JT: Big performance gain (30-50%) but
sensitive to realistic.
Key feature is inter-point/cell CSI feedback.

WF2: Cell-agnostic (Liquid Cell) CoMP

Cell agnostic RRM: Radio resource is defined and

managed independently from cell.

EPDCCH+CSIRS+DMRS (all decoupled from cell id)
No spatial domain coordination (inter-point/cell CSI
feedback)
Dynamic Point Selection (DPS) or CS
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CoMP Reception in Uplink

CoMP reception scheme in uplink
Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) is received at multiple cells
Scheduling is coordinated among the cells
Improve especially cell-edge user throughput
Note that CoMP reception in uplink is implementation matter and does
not require any change to radio interface
Receiver signal processing
at central eNB (e.g., MRC, MMSEC)

Multipoint reception

17

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MIMO enhancements
Rel-8 specifies Downlink MIMO for 2 and 4 eNB Tx antennas
Rel-8 closed-loop MIMO replaced by new Rel.10 Tx mode

Rel-10 enhancements for downlink MIMO

8x8 antenna MIMO positioning LTE as the leading wireless radio system
Needed to reach DL peak spectral efficiency target of 30 bps/Hz
Multi-User MIMO enhanced codebook and corresponding feedback mode

Rel-10 introduces UL MIMO

Both 2x2 and 4x4 configurations
4x4 reaches UL peak spectral efficiency target of 15 bps/Hz

8-TX

18

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4-TX

Carrier Aggregation

Not
supported in
UL for Rel10

Max
aggregated
BW 100 MHz

Non-Contiguous Aggregation
Contiguous Aggregation

One
component
carrier
1.4 20 MHz

20 MHz

Band A

Band B

20 MHz

Peak rates (DL 3 Gbps / UL 1.5 Gbps) achieved by bandwidth extension

19

From 20 MHz to up to 100 MHz

Backwards compatibility with Rel-8 by carrier aggregation
Combine N Rel-8 carriers together forming N x Rel-8 bandwidth
Maximum 5 carriers can be aggregated i.e. up to 5x20 MHz
Aggregated carriers can be on different frequency bands & of different BW
LTE-Advanced terminals operate on multiple component carriers
LTE terminals operate on one component carrier as before
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2G CDMA
3G WCDMA

Korea Spectrum Map: FDD

4G LTE
Auction (Aug 11)
New (12-13)

850MHz
B5

900MHz
B8
KT
UL
(5 )
8
1
9

SKT
UL
(15)

8
2
4

LG U+
UL
(10)

8
3
9

KT
DL
(5 )

8
4
9

SKT
DL
(15)

LG U+
DL
(10)

8
6
9

8
6
4

8
8
4

KT
UL
(10)

8
9
4

KT
DL
(10)

9
0
5

9
1
5

9
5
0

KT
DL
(10)

SKT
DL
(10 )

9
6
0

1.8GHz
B3
frequency sharing
b/w comm & military
(35)
1
7
1
0

1
7
4
5

KT
UL
(10)

SKT
UL
(10 )
1
7
5
5

LG U+
UL
(10)
1
7
6
5

1
7
7
0

frequency sharing
b/w comm & military
(35)
1
7
8
0

1
8
0
5

1
8
4
0

1
8
5
0

LG U+
DL
(10)
1
8
7
0

1
8
6
0

2.1GHz
B1
LG U+
UL
(10 )

20

1
1
9
9
2
3
0
0
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KT
UL
(20)

SKT
UL
(30)
1
9
6
0

LG U+
DL
(10 )
1
9
8
0

2
1
1
0

KT
DL
(20)

SKT
DL
(30)
2
1
2
0

2
1
5
0

2
1
7
0

Summary

21

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LTE-Advanced Improvements

22

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Thank you !
www.nokiasiemensnetworks.com
Nokia Siemens Networks
20F, Meritz Tower, 825-2
Yeoksam-Dong, Kangnam-Gu
Seoul 135-080, Korea

Bong Youl (Brian) Cho

RAN Solutions Manager, Ph. D.
brian.cho@nsn.com
Mobile 010-4309-4129

23

Nokia Siemens Networks