International Journal of Agricultural

Science and Research (IJASR)

ISSN(P): 2250-0057; ISSN(E): 2321-0087
Vol. 6, Issue 3, Jun 2016, 371-376
TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION BETWEEN

SEED YIELD AND ITS COMPONENTS IN RICEBEAN
(VIGNA UMBELLATA (THUNB.) OHWI AND OHASHI)
GEETA PANDEY1, BIRENDRA PRASAD2 & PRIYAMVADA CHAUHAN3
1

Research Scholar, Department of Seed Science & Technology, G.B. Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India
2

S.R.O, Department of Seed Science & Technology, G.B. Pant University of

Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

Research Scholar, Department of Seed Science & Technology, G.B. Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India

ABSTRACT
Fourteen genotypes of ricebean (Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi) were collected from different

Agriculture and Technology, Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal during kharif 2011 for seed yield and its
components. Correlation studies indicated that yield/plant was significantly positively associated with field germination
percent (0.778,0.750), number of pods/plant(0.582,0.598), number of seeds/pod(0.712,0.643) and pod length(0.897,0.644)
at both phenotypic and genotypic levels and exhibited that these characters were the principle yield components of
ricebean. Therefore selection based on these characters will bring the desired improvement in seed yield of ricebean.
KEYWORDS: Character Association, Grain Yield, Phenotypic and Genotypic Correlation, Ricebean, Yield Components

Original Article

regions of the country and evaluated at Research Block of Department of Crop Improvement, G. B. Pant University of

Received: Jan 19, 2016; Accepted: May 18, 2016; Published: May 24, 2016; Paper Id.: IJASRJUN2016045

INTRODUCTION
Ricebean is a less known grain legume crop mainly cultivated for food, fodder and green manure
specifically by the poor farmers in the marginal area of South and South East Asia. Therefore ricebean is regarded
as underutilized crop. This underutilized crop has recently gained attention as an additional grain legume/pulse
crop and possess immense potential ability and multipurpose usage. The nutritive value of ricebean is
exceptionally high (Shukla et al., 2014). While the content of protein is not exceptional, its bioavailability is high.
It has an excellent amino acid composition, is relatively rich in most B vitamins and is a good source of several
minerals, particularly Ca, Fe, Zn, Cu (Andersen, 2009) and Being leguminous, it maintains soil fertility by fixing
atmospheric nitrogen through symbiosis with rhizobial strains. It is more tolerant to pest and diseases and in
storage it is less infected by storage pest. Generally the productivity of ricebean is low, so, there is an urgent need
to enhance its production and productivity in order to meet protein requirement of India. Seed yield is a complex
character and is associated with many component characters. All these characters are interrelated, such
interdependence of the contributory characters often affects seed yield. The information about interrelationship
between the yield and yield components facilitates the choice of suitable breeding method to be applied and

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Geeta Pandey, Birendra Prasad & Priyamvada Chauhan

selecting the parents for improving the crop. To achieve this, it is important to understand the genetic divergence for yield
and its components in the available genotypes and well known fact that choice of parent is of paramount importance in any
successful breeding programme (Pal & Singh, 2012). Genetically diverse and geographically isolated lines may generate a
wide range variation when brought together which serves as an effective tool in the quantitative estimation of diversity and
rational choice of potential parents for a breeding programme. Therefore this study was taken up to know the correlation
between seed yield and its component characters both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. The phenotypic correlation
coefficient helps in determining selection index whereas genotypic correlation coefficient provides a close measure of
association between characters and gives an indication of characters which may be useful for overall improvement of crop.

MATERIALS AND METHDOS

The present investigation was carried out during kharif, 2011 at the Research Block of Department of Crop
Improvement, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Hill Campus, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal,
Uttarakhand. The experimental site is located at 10 km away from Chamba (Rishikesh-Gangotri Road) at an altitude of
about 2100 m above mean sea level, lying between 3015 N latitude and 78 30 E longitude under mid hill zones of
Uttarakhand, India. The experimental materials for the present investigation comprised of 11 diverse entries of ricebean
including three checks named PRR-1, PRR-2 and RBL-6. The crop was sown on second week of june, 2011 in silty clay
loam soil having slightly acidic PH (5.5 to 5.6) in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications
under rainfed condition. The replications were located in three adjacent terraces. Each genotype in each replication was
represented by a plot of four rows of 3m length with a spacing of 30 cm between rows and 15 cm between plants within
row. All cultural practices were adopted to raise the normal healthy crop. Observation were recorded on ten randomly
selected plants in each entry and replication for thirteen characters viz., field emergence percent, days to 50% flowering,
days to maturity, plant height (cm), stem thickness (mm), leaflet size (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per
pod, pod length (cm), 100 seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), seed yield per plot (g) and seed yield/ha (kg).
Data were subjected to statistical analysis using STPR software model developed by University Computer Center.
The correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the degree of association of the yield attributes with yield and
also among yield attributes themselves. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation were calculated which were then compared
with r values at n-2 d.f. for testing their significance at 5% and 1% probability level (Singh & Chaudhary, 1977).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The estimates of genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients among different traits have been presented in
Table 2. In general genotypic correlation coefficients were found to be of higher magnitude than their corresponding
phenotypic correlations, indicating inherent relationship between the characters. Similar results were also reported by
(Chaudhari et al., 2000). Except the characters days to 50% flowering, days to maturity and stem thickness (mm) all
characters showed a positive correlation with seed yield/ha. Although the characters field germination per cent (0.691,
0.675) and Seed yield/plant (0.945, 0.919) showed a positive and highly significant association at both genotypic and
phenotypic level. Number of seeds/pod(0.766), pod length(0.875) and Seed yield/plot(0.999) showed highly significant
positive association with seed yield/ha at genotypic level and number of seeds/pod(0.656), pod length(0.638) showed
significant positive association at phenotypic level.

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.7987

NAAS Rating: 3.53

Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation between Seed Yield and its

Components in Ricebean (Vigna Umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi)

373

Genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients were worked out among ten traits in 52 genotypes of ricebean
and it was observed that seed yield/ plant was significantly positively correlated with pod length and number of seeds/pod
at both genotypic and phenotypic level (Gupta et al., 2014). Association between tweleve characters of ricebean were
studied and it was found that number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, significantly positively
associated with seed yield per plant at genotypic level (Dodake & Dahat, 2011). The highest values of correlation
coefficients between seed yield and germination per cent, pod length and number of seeds/pod indicates their close
association with yield. Therefore these characters may be considered as major yield components in ricebean.

CONCLUSIONS
Days to maturity had negative correlation(-0.603,-0.583) with seed yield at both genotypic and phenotypic level.
Similar result was reported by other researchers on chickpea and cowpea (Fikru, 2004 and Thorat & Gadewar, 2013), who
found negative genotypic and phenotypic correlation of days to maturity with seed yield. A negative correlation of seed
yield to days to maturity indicates that higher seed yield is associated with minimum days to maturity and flowering and it
may be due to the less shattering. Days to maturity also showed a significant negative genotypic and phenotypic correlation
with number of pods per plant(-0.654,-0.575) and significant negative genotypic correlation of with plant height(-0.553)
and pod length(-0556). Significant negative genotypic correlation of days to maturity with pod length is also found in
soybean (Lavanya & Toms, 2009). Leaflet size showed a negative correlation with number of pods/plant and highly
significant positive phenotypic correlation with 100 seed weight. But such relationship was not desirable because larger
leaves means greater foliage and low light penetration through plant canopy. So, this characterstics might result in plant
lodging and vulnerability to foliar diseases and finally results into low yield. So, there would need to search for lines
having smaller leaves and higher seed mass for using them in the breeding programme. Hundred seed weight which is one
of the most important yield attributor did not showed significant association with Seed yield. These findings were also
confirmed with the observations of (Udensi, et al., 2012) in cowpea. The present investigation may be concluded that the
characters field germination per cent, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and pod length are the principle
yield components of ricebean and attention must be taken to consider these traits before performing selection. Therefore,
for improvement of ricebean with respect to yield and its attributing traits appropriate breeding strategies will have to be
planned in improving yield. For an optimum combination of these traits crosses should have made by selecting appropriate
parents having these desirable characters.
REFERENCES
1.

Andersen, P. (2009) Nutritional qualities of ricebean (2012). International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 10( 2):
164174.

2.

Chaudhari, G. B., Patil, J. V. & Barhate, K. K. (2000). Character Association in Ricebean (Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi
and Ohashi). Legume Research, 23(1): 25-28.

3.

Dodake, M. M., Dahat, D. V. (2011). Association of characters and path coefficient analysis studies in rice bean
[Vigna umbellata (Thumb) Ohwi and Ohashi]. Internat J Agric Sci, 7(2): 359-361.

4.

Fikru, M. (2004). Genetic variability and inter- relationship of agronomic traits affecting seed yield in desi type Chickpea
(Cicer arietinum L.). An M.Sc thesis submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Addis Ababa University.

5.

Gupta, S., Pandey, A., Kumar, A. & Pattanayak, A. (2014). Evaluation of genotypic variation and suitability of rice bean
genotypes for mid-altitudes of Meghalaya, India. Legume Research, 37 (6): 568-574.

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Geeta Pandey, Birendra Prasad & Priyamvada Chauhan

6.

Lavanya, G. R. & Toms, B. (2009). Association and inter-relationship among yield contributing characters in mungbean.
Journal of Food Legumes, 22(1): 65-67.

7.

Pal, A., & Singh, R. (2012). Correlation and path coefficient analysis in gladiolus. Annels of Horticulture, 5(1): 103-107.

8.

Shukla, D. K., Pratap, T., & Prasad, B. (2014). Standardization of organic manures levels for better growth, yield and
economics of ricebean (Vigna umbellata L.) under Central Himalaya. Journal of Hill Agriculture, 5(1):57-60.

9.

Singh, R. K. & Chaudhari, B. D. (1977). Biometrical methods in quantitative genetic analysis. Kalyani publishers, New Delhi.

10. Thorat, A. & Gadewar, R. D. (2013). Variability and Correlation studies in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). International
Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation, 4(1): 44 49.
11. Udensi, O., Ikpeme, E. V., Edu, E. A. & Ekpe, D. E (2012). Relationship Studies in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Landraces Grown under Humid Lowland Condition. International Journal of Agricultural Research 7: 33.

APPENDICES
Table 1: List of Ricebean Genotypes used for
Study with their Origin/Source
Sl. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

Impact Factor (JCC): 4.7987

Entries
PRR-2011-1
PRR-2011-2
PRR-2011-3
RBHP-30
RBHP-35
RBHP-45
BRS-1
IC-563980
IC-141077
LRB-460
VRB-3
PRR-1
PRR-2
RBL-6

Source
Ranichauri (Garhwal)
Ranichauri (Garhwal)
Ranichauri (Garhwal)
Palampur
Palampur
Palampur
Bhowali
Bhowali
Bhowali
Bhowali
Shimla
Ranichauri (Garhwal)
Ranichauri (Garhwal)
Punjab

NAAS Rating: 3.53

Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation between Seed Yield and its

Components in Ricebean (Vigna Umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi)

375

Table 2: Genotypic and Phenotypic Correlation between Field Parameters for Different Genotypes of Ricebean

* Significant at 5% level and ** highly significant at 1% level

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