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-3500

Headline [10]

Wheel

-2611

Imhotep

-1700

Shaduf

-580

-500

Pythagoras

-500

Crane

-300

Euclid

-238

-212

Archimedes

10

70

Hero of Alexandria

300

Hierapolis sawmill

1300

Magnifying Lenses

1439

Printing Press

1564

1642

1595

1642

1642

Galileo Galilei

Microscope

1726

Isaac Newton

Inventions and
3000BC- Discoveries in the
1700AC Western Civilization

Text [11]

Media [12]

The wheel is a very basic concept, but what it made it so great was that
when people discovered that it could rotated about a fixed axis. It was
used first in pottery, but later, men used it for military purposes with
chariots. Its development didn't stop there, but it was how men began to
interact with it.

http://elitetrack.com
/wpcontent/uploads/20
14/08/wheel-ofstone-p.com78486995.jpg
https://classconnect
ion.s3.amazonaws.
com/473/flashcards
/6015473/png/imhot
ep_stepped_pyrami
d13499797149601
3640958998771486740BC3158C3
D907.png

Media Credit
[13]

In the 3rd dynasty, Imhotep design and build the first pyramid. This accredit him as the
first architect. He is also known for the use of columns in edifications. The step pyramid
was intended to be a mastaba at first, but then he decided to put one on top and so on.
There are proofs that the pyramid only had 4-step at first, but then he modified the
based and made it a little bigger. This gave him more space to make it a 6-step
pyramid. What made him really special was the technics that he used to build it, and of
course the idea of making it
The systems of irrigation in Egypt consisted of canals and other methods to keep the
water when there werent many rainy days. Then the Egyptians came out with the idea
of Shaduf. It was a simple mechanism that helped to irrigate the crops when the Nile
http://www.ancientv
River was at low level. It consisted of a long piece of wood with a counterweight in one ine.com/avimage/s
side, and in the other side a rope attached to a bucket that helped reach the water.
haduf1.jpg
Pythagoras was born in Samos, a small island in the east of Greece. He moved to
Egypt; where he was captured by the Babylonians when they invaded Egypt in 525 BC. https://sites.google.
He moved back to Samos after he got his freedom back. Finally, he moved to Italy,
com/site/mathemati
where he created a school of religion and die there.
csgeometrypythago
Although he didnt invent anything, he left a legacy for mathematics. He is accredited to rean/_/rsrc/144704
the discovery of the Pythagoras' theorem, which is one of the most important
3588810/home/pyth
contributions to mathematics, and other musical concepts. However, most of his work agoras/Pythagoras
is unverified and people are not sure whether he was in fact the person that discovered %20xl_4853_TPthose concepts or if the Pythagorean School did.
pitagora.jpg
There is some evidence that shows that Greeks invented some type of crane. It was
used primarily to lift animals and building materials. However, the Romans were the
https://upload.wikim
ones that made it more sophisticated, and advanced. This was a very important
edia.org/wikipedia/c
invention since it lowered the manpowered work required, and it made construction
ommons/1/10/Rom
more efficient. Other important fact about this technology is that it highlights the
an_crane_in_Bonn.
knowledge that ancient western people had on pulleys, ropes and other mechanisms. jpg
https://micro.magne
There is not much information about Euclid life. Nevertheless, Euclid inspired many
t.fsu.edu/optics/tim
others with his book The Elements. The book involves mathematical proofs that can
eline/people/antiqu
still being used today
eimages/euclid.jpg
Archimedes was born in Sicily. He was a mathematician that discover many
mathematical proofs and also invented many useful things.
Almost nothing is known about his personal life. However, most people know what he
did and what he discovered.
He is accredited for invented the screw of Archimedes. It is a tool that has a
revolutionary physical property. The tool is use for the irrigation of higher ground levels.
It is still being used to these days in some developing countries,. He also helped the
local army to fight against the Romans in the Second Punic War. One of the most
https://annoyzview.f
important legacies he left was the Archimedes principle. It proves that the buoyant
iles.wordpress.com/
force is equal to the weight of the object that is immersed in a fluid. This principle has 2011/12/archimede
been very important in many engineering fields.
s.gif
He was born in the city of Alexandra, in Egypt. He invented the first steam engine.
Although his idea was very clever, it wasnt developed for the next millennium. This
https://upload.wikim
basic concept is used today in jet engines. He also invented the windwheel, which it
edia.org/wikipedia/c
didnt have any practical use at that time. Nevertheless, the force pump was very
ommons/2/2e/Hero
popular in the Roman Empire. Romans used it to extract water form the ground.
_of_Alexandria.png
https://upload.wikim
edia.org/wikipedia/c
ommons/thumb/b/b
3/R%C3%B6misch
e_S%C3%A4gem
Hierapolis Sawmill is the oldest prove of a sawmill. It operated in the 3rd century AC in %C3%BChle.svg/2
Hierapolis, what is today as Pamukkale, Turkey. Besides its practical use, it gives us
000pxan idea of how advance the Romans were in mechanics. Romans had a clear
R%C3%B6mische_
understanding about the crankshaft and gears. The sawmill is simply a mechanism that S%C3%A4gem%C
helped Romans to cut wood and other materials more easily.
3%BChle.svg.png
https://upload.wikim
edia.org/wikipedia/c
In the medieval ages, in the 13th century, the idea of glasses came up. Because it
ommons/8/86/Optic
spread around Europe, many Scientifics started to go more deep into the optics and to s_from_Roger_Bac
study more about them. this opened the door for microscopes and telescopes. The
on's_De_multiplicat
study of the space and the microscopy world started to expand.
one_specierum.jpg
In the medieval era most people were illiterate. Those literate were people that could
afford books, or priest in monasteries that were the ones that wrote them. In Mainz,
Germany in the Holy Roman Empire, Johannes Gutenberg knew the screw press
technique, had the idea of making removable letters that could be arranged to make
words. He created the printing press. Gutenbergs first work was the Latin Bible.
https://nocloudinthe
This was the most revolutionary invention before the internet. Printing press made
sky.files.wordpress.
books cheaper and more accessible for everyone. New printing business opened
com/2014/01/metal
throughout the continent and literature spread in Europe.
_movable_type.jpg
https://upload.wikim
Galileo Galilei was born in Italy. He is known for his work in astronomy and physics. He edia.org/wikipedia/c
improved the microscope, the compass and the telescope; he also discovered the rings ommons/d/d4/Justu
of Jupiter. Moreover, his work was very controversial with other skeptical scientist of
s_Sustermans_the era. Undoubtedly, Galileos theories and discoveries influenced many scientist that _Portrait_of_Galileo
came after him, like Isaac Newton.
_Galilei,_1636.jpg
Giusto Sustermans
The first microscope was invented by Zacharias and Hans Jansen in 1595, in
Middleburg, Holland. It was capable of magnifying nine times the true size. Although
other believe the first microscope was invented by Hans Lippershey, a letter sent by
Dutch diplomat William Boreel to the French king in the 1650,s state that it was
Zacharias Janssen the one who invented it. The compound microscope was later
http://www.historyimprove by Galileo Galilei. Before the invention of the microscope, the only way of
of-theobserving the world was with the naked eye. But with the invention of the microscope, it microscope.org/ima
open a whole new micro universe for the scientist to explore, which helped humanity
ges/first-opticalwith the development of medicine, and how biological organism work.
microscope1.jpg

In 1642, in Kensington, Middlesex, England a genius was born.

Newtons work has been very important for the modern science, and the
way we look the world right now. He contributed a lot to physics and
mathematics. For example, he defined gravity; he also came out with
the concept of three physic laws that have his name. With these laws,
we can now understand the mechanics behind everything we interact
with; he did a huge contribution to the physics of optics. Moreover,
Newton shares the accreditation of calculus with Gottfried Wilhelm
http://www.sciences
Leibniz. Calculus is the tool that has made this world what it is today. It horts.com/newton.j
is used in almost every field.
pg
Wed have been just simple animals if we have not had thought outside
the box and seen beyond the unthinkable. Since men settle, we have
needed to develop things that would make our lives easier and more
productible. In this timeline I highlight some of the inventions, and some
of people that did important changes in our world.
Inventions like the wheel and the printing press are good examples of
revolutionary inventions that helped us evolve in our thinking. In addition,
men like Archimedes and Isaac Newton thought in things that were
unimaginable and contributed to the understanding of the world of
mathematics and physics.

Media Caption [14]

Step Pyramid

3D repretentation of a
Shaduf

Painting of Pytagoras

Reconstruction of a 10.4 m high

Roman Polyspastos powered
by a treadwheel at Bonn,
Germany

Archimedes' Statue in
National Museum Naples,
Italy

drawing of Hero of
Alexandria

Imaginary scheme of the

water-driven Roman sawmill
at Hierapolis, Asia Minor.
Optical diagram showing
light being refracted by a
spherical glass container full
of water. (from Roger
Bacon, De multiplicatione
specierum)

Galileo Galilei

3D Model of the First

Microscope

Media Thumbnail
[15]

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