AGA KHAN MUSEUM:

The abstract notion of light was a

source of inspiration for the design
of the Aga Khan Museum by the
renowned Japanese architect
Fumihiko
Maki.
The four primary functions (exhibition spaces, an auditorium, classrooms and
workshops, and library and media-centre) will revolve around a central
courtyard, which will act as the heart of the building and will integrate the
different functions into a cohesive whole while allowing each space to maintain
its
independence,
privacy
and
character.

ISMAILI CENTER:

Correas vision for the Ismaili

Centre was to create a building
that responds to the traditions of
Islamic Architecture in a contemporary vocabulary and with
modern materials. For example,
the form of the prayer hall with its
glass roof is reminiscent of the corbelling in many of the traditional
domes in the Islamic world.

The orientation of the building is determined by its urban

context, which provided a grid with which to work. Set
against the grid is the circular prayer hall. A glass column
pierces
through
to
the
terrace above, bringing in natural light and setting up the
Qibla axis which aligns with the Prayer Hall. Adding to this
gesture, the prayer hall is spanned by a double layer of
glass sitting on elegant structural steel trusses ofvarious
depths and dimensions. The glass rises in the shape of a
cone and is pieced together to form a fractal skin.

INTRODUCTION

SITE ANALYSIS

AGA KHAN MUSEUM

Sr.
no

FUNCTION

Exhibitions

QUANTITY

AREA

500 + 50

858sqm + 96sqm
+ 858sqm

Restaurant

120

300sqm

Shop

30

80sqm

Auditorium

350

420sqm

Auditorium foyer

90sqm

Classroom

36

65sqm

Workshop

42

65sqm

Courtyard

150

225sqm

Services

20

72sqm

Cloakroom

24sqm

Entrance foyer

80sqm

10

Offices

480sqm

PROGRAMME

NO. of USERS

TOTAL AREA

TOTAL AREA
WITH Circulation:
10500sqm

AGA KHAN MUSEUM

A r c h i t e c t u r a l

P r o g r a m m i n g

Architecture programming as the research and decision making

process.
That identifies the scope of work to be designed include facility
programming functional and operational requirements, scoping.
Managing information so that the right kind of information is available at the right stage of the design can be made in shaping the final
outcome of the building design.
The whole building design approach is intended to create a
successful high-per formation building.
To achieve that goal, we must apply the integrated design
approaches to the project during the planning and programming
phase.
People involved in the building design should interact closely throughout the design process. The owner, building occupants, and operation
and maintenance personnel should be involved to contribute their
understanding of how the building and its system will work for them once
they occupy it.
Involvement of interested parties in the definition of the scope of
work prior to the design effort.
Emphasis on gathering and analyzing data early in the process so
that the design is based upon sound decisions.

Efficiencies gained by avoiding redesign and more

redesign as requirements emerge during architectural design.

VISION

THOUGHTS AND IDEAS

Architectural programming is a systematic method of

inquiry that delineates the context within which the designing must be taking place as well as defines the requirements
that a successful project must meet.
It is a plan for the procedure and organization of all
the resources necessary for developing a design with a context and with specific requirements.
Programming is the gathering , organizing, analyzing ,
interpreting and presenting the information relevant to a
design project.

Process of Architectural programming

Architectural Programming is the process that creates the
structure for fulfilling the dreams , hopes , wishes , and desires of
a buildings future habitants. Architectural programming is accompanied by a program brief. Architectural programming is a research
and decision making process that defines the problems to be solved
by the design. Architectural programming is basically a research
process to gather , analyze and document relevant information(human factors , functions , activities , relationships , cost , ordinances , site , climate , etc) and then reach a conclusion.

IMPRESSIONS

NEED
VISION
REQUIRMENT

THEORY

BASE

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

THE ISMAILI CENTRE,TORONTO

SITE: The Ismaili Centre Toronto shares a site

with the Aga Khan Museum. The two
buildings are united by a 6.8 hectare park.
Architect:Charles

Correa

and

Associates
(India)

Architect of Record: Moriyama and Teshima

(Canada)
Landscape Architect: Vladimir Djurovic Landscape Architecture (Lebanon).
Contractor:

Carillion

Construction

Inc.

Materials:
Exterior: Limestone cladding, granite pavers,
concrete, glass, wood
Interiors: Patterned glass, maple panelling and
millwork, white oak and stone mosaic
floors,white onyx
765 parking spaces on site, shared with the
Museum
Site Statistics:
Property: 6.8 hectares
Buildings Footprint: 0.9 hectares
Paved Walkways: 1,600 metres
Walkway from Eglinton Ave to Wynford Drive:
560 metres Over 550 new trees
5500 shrubs Trees include serviceberry, maple,
trembling aspen, dawn redwood, magnolia
Ismaili Centre:
Gross Floor Area: 8,300 square metres
Footprint: 4,650 square metres
Prayer Hall Height: 20 metres

ARCHITECTURE

PROGRAMING

VIVEK MAVANI AR2312

MISSION:

Muslim societies comprise a quarter of the worlds population, yet

there is limited knowledge of the people and their faith in the
West. This considerable lack of understanding spans all aspects
of the peoples of Islam: their pluralism, the diversity of their interpretations of the Quranic faith, the chronological and geographical extent of their history and culture, as well as their
ethnic,
linguistic
and
social
diversity.
His Highness the Aga Khan has taken
the initiative to create a museum of
Muslim culture: the Aga Khan
Museum, in Toronto, Canada. Due
to open in 2013, the Museum will be
established as a permanent institution with an international scope and
mission. It is dedicated to the collection, research, preservation and
display of works of art, objects and
artefacts of artistic, cultural and
historical significance from various
periods and geographic areas of
the
Muslim
world.

The Park:

The Park incorporates a formal garden with five reflecting

pools inspired by the traditional char-bagh, walking trails, and
components suited to seasonal changes throughout the year.
Designed by Vladimir Djurovic Landscape Architecture
(
L
e
b
a
n
o
n
)
.
Djurovic has worked to create a simple yet expressive
space that will unite the two distinctive buildings and describes
his vision for the Park as one that captures the essence of the
Islamic garden and translates it into an expression that reflects
its
context
and
contemporary
age.

The Aga Khan Museums educational and cultural mission is to provide

visitors with an understanding of the artistic, intellectual, scientific and religious
heritage of communities, both Mvuslim and non-Muslim. The Museum, through
its permanent and temporary exhibitions, education programmes and cultural
activities, will offer unique insights and new perspectives into Islamic civilizations,
which will foster knowledge and understanding both within Muslim societies and
other cultures.

INTRODUCTION

Vertical circulation
Restorant and shop
Auditorium

Classrom, workshop
Services
Courtyard
Exhibitions
GROUND FLOOR PLAN

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

AGA KHAN MUSEUM

Vertical circulation
Restorant and shop
Auditorium

Classrom, workshop
Services
Courtyard
Exhibitions
SECOND FLOOR PLAN

ARCHITECTURE

PROGRAMING

AGA KHAN MUSEUM

Importance of Architectural Programming

To provide the designer with information needed to
achieve the best possible solution at hand.
It is a tool that enables an architect to handle wide range
of building projects.
Avoids major mistakes in design decisions which can be
very expensive to correct.

Phases of programming
Project Brief
Master Planning
Schematic Design
Design Development
Th i s i s do n e b y a r r a ng ing
the c o m po si t i o n a l e le m e nt s of
l and fo rm s, pl an t i n g , b u ild ing s
and pavi n g se t tl e m e nt .
It i n c l u de s t he s t u d y of
the fol l o w i n g fac tor s : 1 . S l o pe
2. Soil
3 .Hy dro l o gy
4 .V e ge t ati o n

Site Planning
Site planning is an art of arranging
structures on the land and shaping the
spaces between , an art linked to
architecture , engineering m landscape and city planning.
Its aim is moral and aesthetic to make
places which enhance everyday life
which liberate their inhabitants and
give them a sense of the world they
live in.
It involves the organization of land use
zoning , access , circulation , privacy ,
security , shelter , drainage and other
factors.

5 .arc e l O w n e r s hip
6 .O ri e n t ati o n
7 .Cl i m ate

Th e sit e pl anni ng i s based on t h e si t e a n a l ysi s a n d

a r c hitectural prog rammi ng.
Zon in g refers to di vi di ng the s i t e a r e a i n t o ch u n k s a ppr o priate f or defi ned and c orrec t fu n ct i o n l o o k i n g a t t h e
a mb ien ce requ i red for the spac e.
C irculati on and movement di a gr a m go e s a l o n g wi t h
t h e z o n in g of the si te area whi c h in v o l v e s m i n i m u m o f s i t e
area.

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

Levels of Programming

Programming may happen for different purposes and may

impact the level of detail of investigation and deliverables. For
instance, programming at the master planning level is more strategic in natureproviding information to building owners to
make decisions regarding current and projected space needs
and rough budgeting for implementation. Programming at the
individual project level provides specific, detailed information to
guide building design.

An Architectural Programming Process

The following discussion is intended to provide a clear process for conducting the research and decision-making that
defines the scope of work for the design effort. It is imperative
that the major decision-makerthe client-ownerallows participation of all of the stakeholders, or the client-users, who are
affected by the design. Experience has shown that client-users'
involvement in the programming process results in designs that
can be optimized more efficiently.

Organizing for the Programming Effort

Design programming should involve the parties that are

affected by the design solution. Prior to the beginning of the process of programming a project, the programmer and the
client-owner develop a list of the stakeholders to be involved.
One organizational method is to form a Project Programming
Committee with representatives from the stakeholder groups. For
example, if the project is to be an office/classroom building for
the humanities department at an institution of higher education,
the Project Programming Committee could include representatives from the involved academic department(s), faculty,
students, and building operations and facility maintenance
departments. Lines of communication must be established to
determine how and when meetings will be called, what the
agenda will be, how contacts will be made, and how records of
the meetings will be kept. The authority of the committee must be
made clear. In the example above, the committee's authority will
be to make recommendations to the college authorities. Within
that framework, the committee must decide how it will make
decisions as a committee.

PARKING
Classroom

Exhbition hall
Workshop

Foyer

Exhibition

Auditorium

Adminstration

Offices

Courtyard
Jamatkhana

Cloakroom

Entrance
Recreational
area
PARK

Shop

Core function
Supportive function
Interface

Restorant

RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

Peripherial function
Services
AGA KHAN MUSEUM

A screen made from ribbons of

steel separates the anteroom from the
prayer hall. It repeats an 8 sided pattern exhibiting a geometric tool used by
Muslim artists to create order and
rhythm
for
contemplation.

The Muqarnas is a finely crafted corbelled ceiling whose skylight provides a subtle transition from the outside to the serene Jamatkhana inside.

Inside the Jamatkhana, the central skylight panel descends to a white

translucent
onyx
block.

The Ismaili Centre will include a place of prayer

(Jamatkhana) for the Shia Imami Ismaili Muslim community as well as spaces for institutional, social, educational
and cultural activities.

INTRODUCTION

The walls of the Jamatkhana are

lined with Canadian maple paneling
repeating the word Allah (Arabic for
God) in stylized Kufic calligraphy.

ISMAILI CENTER

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Auditorium

Recreational

Admin area

Courtyard

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

Exhibitions

AGA KHAN MUSEUM

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Auditorium

Recriational

Admin area

Courtyard

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS

Exhibitions

AGA KHAN MUSEUM

ARCHITECTURE

PROGRAMING

THEORY
CASE STUDY (ISMAILI CENTER)

VIVEK MAVANI AR2312

Parking

Auditorium
Exhibition
Restorant

Transition

Auditorium
Courtyard

Shop

Transition

Exhibition

Restorant

Park

RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

AGA KHAN MUSEUM

 art and artefacts acquired by His Highness the

Aga Khan and his family and donated to the
Museum. Up to 200 pieces from the Museums
collection will be showcased in the permanent
gallery that will combine state of the art display
systems with innovative approaches to design
and
interpretation.
Major
temporary
exhibitions
concerning
the Islamic world will be presented in historic,
geographic or thematic terms. These exhibitions
will draw upon private collections and institutional holdings from all parts of the world. Smaller
exhibitions on specific artists and topics will also
be hosted in the temporary exhibition space.
An auditorium with 350 seats will host music
performances and theatre productions, book
launches and readings, films and conferences. In
addition to providing a platform for the Aga
Khan Music Initiative, the auditorium will host conferences with sister institutions such as the Aga
Khan Program for Islamic Architecture, the Aga
Khan University, and the University of Central Asia,
as well as seminars and symposia in collaboration
with museums and cultural institutions from within
and outside Canada. These events will offer the
public a varied and exciting cultural programme
throughout
the
year.

COUT AND CORRIDOR

AUDITORIUM

media centre, as well as classrooms and workshops for educational activities will be aimed at a
broad
public
and
all
age
groups.

INTRODUCTION

EXHIBITION AREA
AGA KHAN MUSEUM

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Vertical circulation
Horizontal circulation

CIRCULATION

AGA KHAN MUSEUM

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Vertical circulation
Horizontal circulation

CIRCULATION

AGA KHAN MUSEUM

A s i x- s te p p r o c e s s f o r pr o grammin g.
Ma n y differ en t pr og r ammi ng f orm ats i ncorporat e t he same e s s e nt i al e l e m e n t s. I n all ca ses, th e design program m i ng f i ts w i thi n a l arger c ont e x t of p l ann in g e f f o r t s wh ich ca n also be programmed . For d esi gn programmi ng for a b ui l di n g , w e p r opose a six -step p r ocess as f ol l ow s:
1.Re se a r c h th e p r oject ty pe
2.E st a b lish g oa ls an d ob jectives
3.G a t h e r r elev an t in for ma tion
4.I d e n t if y str ateg ies
5.D e t e r m in e q u an tita tiv e r eq ui rements
6.S u m m a r ize th e pr og r a m

1 ) Re s e a r ch t h e P r o j ec t T ype
T h is step is n ecessar y if t he programmer i s w orki ng on a proj e c t t yp e for t he
fi r st t im e . T h e pr og r a mmer sh oul d become f am i l i ar w i t h some of the fol l ow i ng r e l e van t in f o r ma tion :
Th e t y p e s of sp a ces fr equ en tly i ncl ud ed i n the bui l di ng t ype,
Th e sp a c e cr iter ia (n u mber of square f eet per person or uni t ) f or thos e s p ac e s ,
Ty p ic a l r e lation sh ips of spa ces f or these f unct i ons,
Ty p ic a l r a t ios of n et assig n a bl e square f ootage t o gross square f oot age for t hi s
b u ild in g t y p e,
Ty p ic a l c o s ts p er sq u ar e foot f or thi s bui l di ng t ype,
Ty p ic a l sit e r eq u ir emen ts for t he proj ect t ype,
R e g io n a l is su es th at mig h t alter t he accuracy of t he dat a above i n t he c as e of t hi s
p r o je c t ,
Te c h n ic a l, mech an ica l, electri cal , securi ty, or ot her i ssues uni que t o t he p r oje c t
type.
Th is in f o r m ation can be ob tai ned f rom l i t erature on the bui l d i ng t yp e , anal ys i s of
p la n s o f ex istin g p r ojects, expert consul t ants f am i l i ar w i th t he b ui l di ng t yp e ,
a n d / o r c o st estimatin g ser v ices.
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

P r i o r i t i e s a n d p h a si n g :Wh at are t he most i mport ant f unct i ons of t he p r oje c t ? W hat c oul d b e adde d l at e r ? A r e
t he re o n go in g ex istin g oper a tions t hat m ust be m ai ntai ned ?
L e v e l s o f a ccess:Wh o is al l ow ed w here? W hat securi ty l evel s are t he r e ?

5) D e te rm i n e Q u a n t i t at i v e Re qu ire me n t s
I n t h is st ep , on e mu st r econci l e t he avai l abl e budget w i t h t he amount of i m p r ove m e nt s de s i r e d w i t hi n t he p r oje ct t im e f r a me. T h is steps in clu des al l t he area requi rem ent s and area s t at e m e nt s for t he b ui l di ng t o b e de s i gne d.
Thi s m a y in c lude th e tota l b u ilt- up area ,total usabl e area, total ci rc ul at i on ar e a , s e r vi c e zone ar e a , t ot al op e n
s pac e e t c

Cost , sched ul e, and af for dab l e ar e a

are
i nterdepend ent .
C os t s
ar e
af f ected by i nf l at i on t hr ough t i m e .
Af f ord abl e area i s det e r m i ne d b y
avai l abl e bud gets

6) Sum m a ri ze t h e P r o gr am
F in a lly , on ce all of th e precedi ng steps are executed, sum m ar y s t at e m e nt s c an b e w r i t t e n de fi ni ng " i n a
nut sh e ll" t h e r esu lts of th e pr og r am m i ng ef f ort. Al l of t he perti nent i nf or m at i on i nc l ude d ab ove c an b e doc um e nt e d
f o r t h e o wn e r, committee members, and the desi gn t eam as w el l . The de c i s i on-m ak e r s s houl d s i gn-off on t he s c op e
o f wo r k a s d escr ib ed in th e pr ogram.
O nc e a p r o g ram is completed and approved by t he cl i ent , the i nf ormat i on m us t b e i nt e gr at e d i nt o t he de s i gn p r oce s s . S o m e c lien ts wan t th e p r ogram m er to st ay i nvol ved af t er the pr ogr am m i ng p has e t o i ns ur e t hat t he r e q ui r e m e n t s d e f in e d in th e p r og r a m are real i zed i n t he desi gn w ork.
D e f in it io n o f desig n
The u se o f sc ien tific p r in ciples, t echni cal i nf orm ati on and i magi nat i on i n t he de fi ni t i on of a s t r uc t ur e , m ac hi ne or
s ys t e m t o p e r for m pr osp ected funct i ons w i t h the maxi mum economy and e ffi c i e nc y. T he c onc e i vi ng of an or i gi nal ,
t e ch n ic a l, p hy sica l an d sp a tia l s ol ut i on to a new spati al probl em .

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

S ite ana l ys i s : T h e site is a lwa y s a m aj or aspect of t he desi gn probl em and t he r e for e s houl d b e i nc l ude d i n t he p r ogra m . S it e a n a l y sis compon en ts that of t en af f ect desi gn i ncl ud e:
L e ga l d e scr iption
Zo n in g , d esig n g u idelin es, and d eed restri cti ons and requi rements
T r a f f ic ( b u s, au tomobile, a n d pedestri an) consi derat i ons
U t ilit y a v a ilab ility (a p oten tial l y hi gh cost i t em )
T o p o gr a p hy
V ie w s
B u ilt f e a t ur es
C lim a t e ( if n ot familia r to th e desi gner)
V e ge t a t ion an d wildlife

4) Ide nti fy S tr a t egie s

P r o g r a m matic str a teg ies su ggest a w ay t o accom pl i sh t he goal s gi ve n w hat one now k now s ab out t he op p or t uni t i e s a n d c o n str a in ts. A familia r exam pl e of a program m ati c strategy i s t he r e l at i ons hi p or " b ub b l e " di agr am . T he s e
d i ag ra m s in d ic ate wh at fu n ction s shoul d be near each ot her i n ord er for t he p r oje c t t o func t i on s m oot hl y.
Re la t io n sh ip dia g r a ms ca n al so i nd i cat e the d esi red ci rcul ati on c onne c t i ons b e t w e e n s p ac e s , w hat s p ac e s
r e qu i r e se c u r it y or au dio pr iv acy , or other aspect s of speci al rel ati onsh i p s .
Ot h e r t y p e s of str a teg ies r ecur i n program s f or m any d i f f erent t ypes of p r oje c t s . S om e e x am p l e s of c om m on c at ego ri e s o f p r o gr amma tic str ateg ies i ncl ud e:
C e nt r a liz a t io n an d decen tr aliz a t i on:W hat f uncti on component s are gr oup e d t oge t he r and w hi c h ar e s e gr e gat e d?
Fo r e x a m p le , in some offices th e copyi ng f unct i on i s cent ral i zed, w hi l e i n ot he r s t he r e ar e c op i e r s for e ac h de p ar t m e nt .
Fl e x i b ilit y : W h at ty pes of ch a n g es are expected f or vari ous f unct i ons ? D o fac i l i t i e s ne e d t o c hange ove r a p e r i od
of a f e w h o u r s? A few day s? A su mmer recess? Or i s an add i t i on w hat i s r e al l y ne e de d?
ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAMMING

2) E s ta b l i s h G oals an d O b j e c t iv e s
W o r k ing with th e committee, the program m er sol i ci ts and sugge s t s b r oad goal s t at e m e nt s t hat w i l l gui de
t h e r e m a in der of th e p r og r a mmi ng process. Each of the f ol l ow i ng c at e gor i e s of goal s s houl d b e addr e s s e d:
O r ga n iz a t ion al Goa ls: Wh a t are the goal s of t he ow ners? W here d o t he y s e e t he i r or gani zat i on he ade d? How
d o e s t h is a r ch itectu r al pr ojec t f i t i nt o thi s broad pi ct ure?
Fo r m a n d I ma g e Goals: Wh at shoul d be t he aest het i c and psycho l ogi c al i m p ac t of t he de s i gn? How s houl d i t
re la t e t o t h e su r r ou n din g s? Shoul d i t s i mage be si mi l ar to or di sti nct fr om i t s ne i ghb or s ? Fr om ot he r b ui l di ngs b e l on g in g t o th e own er th at ar e l ocated el sew here? Are there hi st oric , c ul t ur al , and/or c ont e x t i m p l i c at i ons ?
Fu n c t io n G oa ls:Wh at ma jor funct i ons w i l l take pl ace i n the bui l d i ng? How m any p e op l e ar e t o b e ac c om m odat e d ? H o w m ig h t th e b u ildin g d esi gn enhance or i m pact occupant i nt e r ac t i ons ?
Ec o n o m ic G oals:Wh a t is th e total proj ect budget ? W hat i s t he at t i t ude t ow ar d i ni t i al c os t s ve r s us l ong-r ange op e r a t in g a n d main ten a n ce cos t s? W hat l evel of qual i ty i s d esi red (o ft e n s t at e d i n r e l at i on t o ot he r e x i s t i ng p r oje c t s) ? W h at is th e a ttitu de toward conservati on of resources ands us t ai nab i l i t y( e ne r gy, w at e r , e t c . ) ?
Ti m e G o a ls: Wh en is th e pr oje ct t o be occupi ed ? W hat t ypes of change s ar e e x p e c t e d ove r t he ne x t 5, 10, 15,
a n d 2 0 y e ar s?
Ma n a g e m en t Goals: T h ese g oal s are not so much an i ssue of t he nat ur e of t he p r oje c t as t he y ar e t he c i r c um s t an c e s o f th e own er , clien ts, programmer, or archi t ect. For examp l e , p e r hap s t he s c he m at i c de s i gn m us t b e
co m p le t e d in time for a leg islat i ve request appl i cati on d ead l i ne.

3) Ga th e r R e le v an t I n f or mat io n
Ba se d u pon th e g oals, the cat egori es of rel evant i nf ormat i on c an b e de t e r m i ne d and r e s e ar c he d. T yp i c al
ca t e go r ie s in clu de:
F a c ilit y u ser s, a ctiv ities, and schedul es: W ho i s doi ng w hat , how m any p e op l e ar e doi ng e ac h ac t i vi t y, and
wh e n a r e t h ey doin g it?
W h a t eq u ip men t is n ece ssary f or act i vi ti es t o f uncti on properl y? W hat i s t he s i ze of t he e q ui p m e nt ?
W h a t a sp ects of th e p r oj ect need to be proj ect ed i nt o t he f ut ur e ? W hat i s t he hi s t or y of gr ow t h of e ac h
a sp e c t t h a t r eq u ir es p r ojection?
W h a t ar e th e sp a ce cr iteri a (square f eet per person or uni t ) f or t he func t i ons t o t ak e p l ac e ?
W h a t oth er desig n cr iteri a may af f ect archi t ectural program m i ng: ac c e s s t o dayl i ght , ac ous t i c s , ac c e s s i b ilit y , c a m pu s/a r ea desig n g ui del i nes, hi stori c preservat i on, etc.?
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The design process includes the three main phases :

Analysis: describing the problem in its entirety and breaking
it down into individual components, identifying each requirement the design has to satisfy and arranging the results to
form a consistent set of performance requirements.
Synthesis: developing solutions for parts of the problem and
ways of satisfying special performance requirements and
achieving the best possible integration of partial solutions into
a complete design.
Evaluation: determining the extent to which total or partial
solutions satisfy the requirements set in advance.

3. Design

After forming the programme brief ,the designer designs the

building in which minimum changes are made. Important activities in
this phase include the study of reference projects (precedents), analysis of the urban design context, consideration of the implications of
that context for the design, and checking design proposals against
the programme of requirements and other measures of quality of use.

4. Specification, selection of contractors and building

The materialization and detailing of the design mainly takes

place in the design phase and is then finished off in the specification
phase. It is extremely important that the effect of the choice of materials and detailing on quality of use is properly checked.

Phases of the building process:

1.Exploratory phase.
The first exploration of the building task takes place in
this phase.
Why is there a need for housing (or re-housing)?
Is the task one of building a new building or rebuilding
or extending an existing building?
What is the level of ambition and to what extent can
this ambition be achieved within the available budget?
It often happens that the first ideas are developed in this
phase, based on anticipated use.
2. Programme of requirements or brief.
In the programme of requirements the housing need is
worked out in more detail, in the form of performance
requirements for the location, the building, the rooms, the
components of the building and the facilities to be provided
in the building itself and in the grounds. The programme
needs to be supported by a careful analysis of the organization, the activities to be housed and the necessary or desirable special conditions in short a functional analysis.
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5. Use and management

When the design has been realized, it is important to check

whether the resulting building comes up to expectations. A careful
analysis of how well the building functions is a useful way of identifying
possible bottlenecks. This applies not just to the period immediately
after the building has been handed over but also to the medium and
long term. This is basically the evaluation stage.

6. Conclusion

In a wider sense, it involves the ability of the building to perform

all kinds of different functions: utilitarian, climatologic, cultural, symbolic, aesthetic, economic and so on.
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site analysis:

Layers of Site Planning:

To achieve a successful design, site analysis is a must & should

be done carefully
Site Analysis involves taking an inventory of site elements and
analyzing these factors relative to the clients needs & aims
Gather relevant information about the properties of the site,
from topography to climate to wind pattern and vegetation
Analyze these features and incorporate them into the design

Mass and space

Zoning
circulation
Service & maintenance
The model of Site planning process:
In site planning, as in other forms of problem
solving, the critical thinking process of research, analysis,
and synthesis makes a major contribution to the formation of design decisions process.

Natural Surface Features:

Objectives
Need
Quantity
Time
Behavior

Program
analysis

User &
client data

Site
analysis

Site
information

Synthesis
Site

Cost- estimate

Schematic
Site
plan 1

Schematic
Site
plan 2

Situation

Evaluation

Selected
Site plan
Development
process

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Subsurface Features:

Geology : Geological history of the area, bedrock type & depth

etc.
Hydrology : Underground water table, aquifers, springs etc.
Soil Genesis : erosion susceptibility, moisture (pF), reaction (pH)
organic content, bearing capacity etc.

Schematic
Site
plan3

Criteria

Natural
factors
Cultural
factors
Aesthetic
factors

Vegetation : Type, size, location, shade pattern, aesthetics,

ecology etc.
Slopes : Gradient, landforms, elevations, drainage patterns
Wild Life : ecology, species etc.
Climate : precipitation, annual rain/snow, humidity, wind direction, solar intensity & orientation, average/highest/lowest temperature

Cultural & Man-made Features:

Utilities : sanitary, water supply, gas, electrical etc.

Land use : Usage of site, adjacent use, zoning restrictions, etc.
Historic notes : archeological sites, landmarks, building type, size,
condition
Circulation : linkages an transit roads, auto & pedestrian access,
mass transit routes etc.
Social Factors : population, intensity, educational level, economic & political factors, ethnicity, cultural typology etc.

Aesthetic Factors:

Perceptual : from an auto, by pedestrian, by bike etc.

Spatial Pattern : views of the site, views from the site, spaces existing, potential for new areas, sequential relationship
Natural Features : significant natural features of the site, water
elements, rock formations, plant materials
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