THE

PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT

OF 1999
(R.A. 8749)

Engr. Henry P. Soriano

Unit Head, Clearance and Permitting Section
Air Pollution Source Installation
EMB-NCR

Republic Act No. 8749

The Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
An act, which is a consolidation of House
Bill 6216 and Senate Bill No. 1255, passed
by House of Representatives on May 10,
1999 and Senate on May 13, 1999.
An act providing for a comprehensive air
pollution control policy.

Part I. General Provisions

Declaration of Principles
The State shall protect and advance the right of the
people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord
with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
The State recognizes the principle that Polluters must
pay
The State recognizes that clean and healthy
environment is for the good of all and should therefore
be the concern of all.

What is Air Pollutant?

Composition of Air (% by Volume)
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Other gases 1%

Any matter found in the atmosphere other than

oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and
the inert gases in their natural or normal
concentrations, that is detrimental to health or the
environment.

Two Sources of Air Pollution

1.Natural Sources

Eruption of Volcano
Forest Fire
Sand Storm
Pollen Grains

2. Man-Made Sources
Mobile Source
Stationary Source
Area Source

2012 EMISSION INVENTORY:

NATIONWIDE

2012 EMISSION INVENTORY:

NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

EMISSION FROM STATIONARY SOURCES

9/23/2015

SOURCE SAMPLING ACTIVITIES FROM

STATIONARY SOURCES

9/23/2015

10

Man Made Sources of Air Pollution

1. Mobile Source Emission Testing
Activities

9/23/2015

11

Metro Manila
Monitoring Stations
managed by EMB
Central & NCR

AMBIENT MONITORING STATIONS

9/23/2015

13

Effects to Health & Environment

Six Criteria Pollutants

Pollutants

Health

Environment

Particulates
(TSP, PM10, PM2.5)

Decreases lung function

Causes heart ailments,
Causes premature death.

Visibility reduction
Environmental Damage
Aesthetic Damage

Sulfur Oxides
(Sox)
Colorless gas with strong
suffocating odor

Causes eye irritation and

breathing difficulties.
Exposure associated with
increases risk of mortality
from respiratory and
cardiovascular disease

Reacts with water and

oxygen to form acid rain

Nitrogen Oxides
(NOx)
Reddish brown gas with
irritating odor, by product of
incomplete combustion from
vehicles.

Has adverse respiratory

effects including airway
inflammation and increase
respiratory symptoms.

Major source of
photochemical smog
Contributes global warming
Hampers plants growth

Six Criteria Pollutants

Ground Level Ozone
Colorless gas with pungent
irritating odor

Triggers chest pain,

coughing, throat irritation,
and congestion.
Worsens bronchitis,
NOX +VOC + Heat & Sunlight emphysema, and asthma
= Ozone

Affects vegetation and

ecosystem

Carbon Monoxide
(CO)
Colorless, odorless gas , by
product of incomplete
combustion

Reduces the oxygen-carrying Contributes to the

capacity of the blood. At
formation of smog, groundextremely high levels, can
level ozone,
cause death

Lead (Pb)

Affects nervous system,

kidney function, immune
system, reproductive and
developmental and
cardiovascular system

Affects Ecosystem

Sec 1, Rule VII. National Ambient Air Quality

Guideline Values for Criteria Pollutants
Short Term

Pollutants

LongTerm

ug/Ncm

Averaging
Time

ug/Ncm

Averaging
Time

230
150

24 hours
24 hours

90
60

1 yeare
1 yeare

Sulfur
Dioxidec

180

24 hours

80

1 year

Nitrogen Dioxide

150

24 hours

Ozone

140
60

1 hour
8 hours

35 mg/Ncm
10 mg/Ncm

1 hour
8 hours

1.5

3 monthsg

1.0

1 year

Suspended Particulate
Matterc
TSP
PM 10

Carbon Monoxide
Lead

DENR ADMINISTRATIVE
ORDER NO. 2013-13
Establishing the Provisional National Guideline
Values for PM2.5
PM 2.5 National Air Quality Guideline Values, ug/NCM
Short Term (24 Hr)

Long Term (Annual)

Implementation Period

75

35

Upon effectivity date of

DAO until Dec. 31, 2015

50

25

January 1,2016

How Big is Particulate Matter?

Size Fractions of TSP, PM10 & PM2.5

Part VI. Air Pollution Clearances and Permits

for Stationary Sources

Sec. 1, Rule XIX. Permit Regulations

Section 1, Rule XIX of the IRR of RA
8749 as amended by DAO 2004-26,
requires All sources of air pollution
must have a valid Permit to Operate.

PERMITTING REQUIREMENTS

Air Pollution Source Installation/Activity

Any activity, structure, equipment, facility or
appurtenances, wherein its operation is a
potential source of air pollution.

Air Pollution Control Device/Facility

Any device or apparatus used to prevent,
control or abate the pollution of air caused
by emissions from identified pollution
sources (i.e. cyclone, scrubber, filter
baghouse, impingement tanks, electrostatic
precipitator etc.)

Air Pollution Source Installations

Bunker Oil Fired Boiler

Fuel Storage Tank

Diesel Generator Set

Air Pollution Control Device

TWIN CYCLONE DUST COLLECTOR

WATER SCRUBBER SYSTEM

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

ACTIVATED CARBON BED ADSORBER

Permit to Operate
refers to the legal authorization granted by
the Environmental Management Bureau to
operate or maintain any installation for a
specified period of time

Two Types of Permit to Operate

Regular Permit to Operate valid for 5
years
Temporary Permit to Operate valid for 3
months

PERMIT APPLICATION FORM down load at www.emb.gov.ph

Supporting Documents
Engineers Report prepared by the Pollution Control Officer and approved by

the President/General Manager with at least containing the following:

Company profile
Amount of raw materials and finished products
Material balance
Process flow diagram indicating all sources of air emission or possible air
emission
Brief description of process.
List of APSI and corresponding air pollution control facility (APCF) with
complete specifications
Discussion of each APSI & APCF showing the process/mode of operation,
design criteria & efficiencies of the APCF, the quantities & types of pollutants
in the final emissions.
Discussion of mitigating measures undertaken if APSI is not provided with
APCF
Pollution loading of the regulated air pollutants in tons/year.

Drawing Requirements
Plan/Elevation Drawing with the following:
Vicinity Map
Plant & Machinery Layout showing the
connection of the APSI to APCF
Plan & Elevation Drawings of each APSI &
APCF
Sectional Drawing of APCF
Must be drawn in 50 cm by 90 cm signed by
the President/General Manager and duly
signed by PME/CHE or any from the two.

Supporting Documents
Copy of the Certificate of Accreditation of the Pollution Control
Office, or appointment/designation as such by the Managing
Head.
Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) or Certificate of
Non-Coverage (CNC) copy.
Source Emission Test Requirement (if required).
Copy of Recent Permit to Operate issued by the Office.
Copy of Discharge Permit , if applicable.
Copy of Hazardous Waste Generator Registration ID, if
applicable.
Copy of SEC Registration Certificate & Articles of Incorporation
Copy of DTI Registration Certificate
11 Proof of compliance to permit conditions (if required).

INSTRUCTIONS
Fully accomplish the form and complete all the
supporting documents. Submit all documents in
duplicate copies to Permitting Section for
screening and assessment of fees.
Application shall be acted upon within thirty (30)
working days and you shall be informed of our
action accordingly.

Flow of Permit To Operate Application

Receiving and Releasing the Permit New and Renewal
PERMITTING SECTION
PRE EVALUATION
New / Renewal
ACCOUNTINGSECTION
Issuance of Order of
Payment (80 pesos)

Releasing of Permit
APPROVED PERMIT

ISSUANCE OF
ORDER OF PAYMENT
from Accounting Section

CASHIER SECTION
Issuance of O. R.

Computed PERMIT FEES

CHECK PAYABLE
TO EMB-NCR PAY TO THE CASHIER

RECORDS SECTION
RECEIVED THE
APPLICATION

RECORDS SECTION
APPROVED PERMIT RELEASED TO
PCO OR AUTHORIZED PERSON

Computation of Emissions Estimates from

Source using EPA AP 42 Emission Factors
Emission Factor is a representative value that attempts to
relate the quantity of a pollutant released to the
atmosphere with an activity associated with the release
of that pollutant. This is commonly used to calculate
emissions when stack monitoring data are not available.
General Equation

E = A x EF x (1-ER/100)
E= emissions
A= Activity
EF = emission factor
ER = overall emission reduction efficiency

EPA AP-42 Emission Factors,

(Lbs/1000 gal. fuel burned)
External
Combustion
A. Boilers

PM

CO

NOx

SO2

SO3

VOC

A. Bunker Oil
< 100 million BTU/hr
or 293.3 MW

10

55

157 (S) at 3%
S = 471

2 (S)

1.28

> 100 million BTU/hr

or 293.3 MW

9.19 (S)
+ 3.22

47

157 (S) at 3%
S = 471

5.7(S)

B. Diesel
< 100 million BTU/hr
or 293.3 MW

20

112 (S)

0.252

24

157 (S)

0.252

> 100 million BTU/hr

or 293.3 MW

EPA AP-42 Emission Factors,

(Lbs/1000 gal. fuel burned)
Internal
Combustion (i.e
Gen Sets)
A. Diesel Fuel

PM

CO

NOx

SOx

VOC

<600 Hp or
588.24 KW

41.49

127.1

590.2

38.31

48.18

> 600 Hp or
588.24 KW

13.38

133.8

428.3

133.835 (S)

12.045

Sample Calculation for Emission

Estimates Pollution Load
Source : 100 Kw Cummins Generator Set
Fuel Consumption = 7.4 Gallons /hr.
No. of hrs operated/year = 60 hrs
Fuel Consumption/year = 444 gals/year
No Air Pollution Control Device

E = A x EF x (1-ER/100)
A = Activity (Fuel Consumption/yr)
EF = Emission Factor
No APCD: (1-0) = 1

EPA AP-42 Emission Factors, (Lbs/1000 gal. fuel burned

<600 Hp or 588.24 KW: PM 41.49 CO 127.1 NOx 590.2
SOx 38.31 VOC - 48.14

 Particulate Matter (PM)

Emission Factor = 41.49 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 444 gal/yr x 41.49 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 18.29 lbs/yr/2.2 = 8.31 kgs/yr
= .00831 MT/yr

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Emission factor = 127.1 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel burned
NOx = 444 gal/yr x 127.1 lbs x (1 0)
1000 gal
= 56.43 lbs/yr/2.2 = 25.65 kgs/yr
= .02565 MT/yr.

 Nitrogen Dioxide (NOx)

Emission Factor = 590.2 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 444 gal/yr x 590.2 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 262.05 lbs/yr/2.2 = 119.11 kgs/yr
= .119 MT/yr

Sulfur Dioxide (SOx)

Emission factor = 38.31 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel burned
NOx = 444 gal/yr x 38.31 lbs x (1 0)
1000 gal
= 17 lbs/yr/2.2 = 7.73 kgs/yr
= .0077 MT/yr.

 Volatile Organic Compound

(VOC)
Emission Factor = 48.14 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 444 gal/yr x 48.14 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 21.37 lbs/yr/2.2 = 9.71 kgs/yr
= .0097 MT/yr

Sample Calculation for Emission

Estimates Pollution Load
Source: 100 Hp Chuan Li LSFO-fired Boiler
Fuel Consumption: 3,000 liters/month = 9,810 gal/year
Using Table in AP 42 5th Edition: < 100 million BTU/hr

No Air Pollution Control Device

E = A x EF x (1-ER/100)
A = Activity (Fuel Consumption/yr)
EF = Emission Factor
No APCD: (1-0) = 1

EPA AP-42 Emission Factors, (Lbs/1000 gal. fuel burned)

<100 Million BTU/hr or 293.26 MW
PM 10 CO 5 NOx 55 SOx: SO2 157 (S) SO3 2(S) VOC
-1.284

 Particulate Matter (PM)

Emission Factor = 10 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 9810 gal/yr x 10 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 98.10 lbs/yr/2.2 = 44.59 kgs/yr.
= .04 MT/year

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Emission factor = 5 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel burned
NOx = 9810 gal/yr x 5 lbs x (1 0)
1000 gal
= 49.05 lbs/yr/2.2 = 22.29 kgs/yr
= .02 MT/yr.

 Sulfur Dioxides (SOx)

Emission Factor = 157 (S) lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
if sulfur content of LSFO is 1%
SO2= 9810 gal/yr x 157 (1) lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 1,540 lbs/yr/2.2 = 700 kgs/yr
= 0.7 MT/yr
SO3= 9810 gal/yr x 2 (1) lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 19.62 lbs/yr/2.2 =8.91kgs/yr
= 0.0089 MT/yr

Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)

Emission factor = 55 lbs/1000 gallons of fuel burned

NOx = 9810 gal/yr x 55 lbs x (1 0)

1000 gal
= 539.55 lbs/yr /2.2 = 245.25 kgs/yr
= .245 MT/yr.

 Volatile Organic Compound

(VOC)
Emission Factor = 1.28 lbs/1,000 gal of fuel burned
PM = 9810 gal/yr x 1.28 lbs x ( 1 0)
1,000 gal
= 12.56 lbs/yr/2.2 = 5.7 kgs/yr
= .0057 MT/yr

PERMIT CONDITIONS
FOR NEW INSTALLATIONS

Permit Conditions
By _________submit the following:
Updated Certificate of Accreditation of
appointed PCO;
Reduction/Mitigation Plan on the activities
that potentially may contribute greenhouse
gases or global warming, including its
timetable of implementation; and
Source Emission Test (SET) report for
NOx/PM on the ________________.

Include ambient PM10 and SO2

monitoring
data
in
every_______
submission of the SMR. Samplings
should be done at an elevation of at least
two (2) meters above the ground level
and should be conducted at a downwind
& upwind distance of 5 to 20 times the
height of the stack.

Install a closed circuit television (CCTV)

camera on the stack of your boiler/furnace
with receiver located in the boiler/furnace
room. Said camera shall be web-based
and capable of real-time viewing with night
vision and readily accessible by our
Office, DENR-EMB. Submit proof of
compliance by ____________.

Date of
Memorandum
30 Oct 2014
Installation of
CCTV camera on
stacks of Fuel
Burning
Equipment as per
DAO 2008-81

REQUIREMENTS FOR RENEWAL

Latest four quarters of SMR with received
copy
First page and module 4 indicating the sources
of air pollution.
Copy of the latest Permit to Operate
Copy of SET report with received copy and
summary of Emission Test.
Copy of PCO Certificate of Accreditation

Self Monitoring Report (SMR)

Summary of APSE/APCF
Process Eqpt/Storage Facility

Location

Mixer

Process bldg.

100

Fuel storage Tank

Shaded Area

2208

Fuel Burning Eqpt

Location

Fuel Used

# of hrs of operation

Quantity
Consumed

# of hrs of
operations

150 Hp Boiler

Back of process bldg.

Bunker oil

4,000

300

200 Hp Boiler

Back of process bldg

Bunker oil

6,000

350

Pollution Control Facility

Location

# of hrs of operation

Water Scrubber System

Tapped to 2 boilers

350

Cost of Treatment

Month 1

Month 2

Month 3

Cost of Person employed, (salary)

P 12,000

P 12,000

P 12,000

30

32

28

100

120

80

Total Consumption of Water (cubic meters)

Total Cost of chemicals used (e.g., activated carbon, KMnO4)

Total Consumption of Electricity (KwH)

SOURCE EMISSION TEST

REQUIREMENTS
Memorandum Circular 2007-003
(Compliance to Testing Requirements)
Boiler rated at less than 50 Hp
Generator set rated at less than 300 KW (regardless of frequency of
operation)
Source that has the potential to emit less than 10 tons per year
Emission testing not required

Small Source
Boiler rated at less than 50 Hp to 100 HP
Generator set rated at less than 300 KW to 599 KW (regardless of
frequency of operation)
Source that has the potential to emit 10 to < 30 tons per year
Emission testing required once every two years

Medium Sized Source:

Boiler with rated capacity from 100 to 250 Hp
Generator set with rated capacity of 600 KW
and above (regardless of the frequency of
operation)
Source that has the potential to emit 30 to <100
tons per year
-Testing is once per year

Large Source
Boiler with rated capacity of 251 Hp or greater
Source that has the potential to emit 100 tons or
more per year
-Testing is twice (2x) per year

Part VII. Pollution From Stationary Sources

National Emission Standard for Source Specific Air Pollutants
Pollutant

Standard Applicable to Source

Particulates

1. Fuel Burning Equipment

a) Urban and Industrial Area
b) Other area

150
200

2. Cement Plants (kilns, etc.)

150

3. Smelting Furnaces

150

4. Other Stationary Sources

200

NOx

1. Manufacture of Nitric Acid

2. Fuel Burning Steam Generators
a) Existing Source
b) New Source
Coal-Fired
Oil-Fired

Maximum Permissible
Limits (mg/Ncm)

2,000 as acid & NO2

1,500 as NO2
1,000 as NO2
500 as NO2

Pollutant

NOx

Standard Applicable to Source

3. Diesel Powered Electricity

Generators
4. Any source other that 1, 2, 3
Existing Source
New Source

Sulfur Oxides 1. Existing Sources

a) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid
Old Installation:
and Sulf(on)ation Process
Installed & Operated
b) Fuel Burning Equipment
before 11/26/2000
c) Other Stationary Sources
New Installation:
Installed & Operated
on or after 11/26/2000

2. New Sources
a) Manufacture of Sulfuric Acid
and Sulf(on)ation Process
b) Fuel Burning Equipment
c) Other Stationary Sources

Maximum Permissible
Limits (mg/Ncm)
2,000 as NO2

1,000 as NO2
500 as NO2

2,000 as SO3
1,500 as SO2
1,000 as SO3

1,500 as SO3
700 as SO2
200 as SO3

Pollutant

Standard Applicable to Source

Maximum Permissible
Limits (mg/Ncm)

Carbon Monoxide Any Industrial Source

500 as CO

Lead

Any trade, industry or process

10 as Pb

Mercury

Any Source

5 as elemental Hg

Nickel and its

Cmpds.

Any Source

20 as Ni

Copper and its

Cmpds

Any Source

100 as Cu

Cadmium and its

Cmpds

Any Source

10 as Cd

Arsenic and its

Cmpds.

Any Source

10 as AS

Grounds for Suspension or

Revocation of Permit
Non-compliance or violation of any provision of the
Act
False or inaccurate information given in the permit
application
False or inaccurate information in the monitoring
data or report
Refusal to allow inspection conducted by EMB
Non payment of appropriate fees
Other valid purposes

Fines and Penalties for

Violation of the Act
Pursuant to Section 45, Chapter 6 of RA 8749, for
violation of actual exceedance of air quality standards,
the Pollution Adjudication Board (PAB) shall impose a
fine of not more than One Hundred Thousand Pesos
(PhP100,000.00) for every day of violation against the
owner of the source. Cease and desist order shall also
be issued by the PAB.
Pursuant to Section 47, Chapter 6 of RA 8749, for
violation of other provisions, a fine of not less than Ten
Thousand Pesos (P 10,000.00) but not more than One
Hundred Thousand Pesos (P 100,000) or six (6) months
to six (6) years imprisonment or both shall be imposed
for violators.

OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE

PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT
Prohibited Acts
Emission of Fugitive Particulates
Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds or Solvent
Nuisance
Conduct of Open Burning Activity
Banning of Incineration.

Part VIII. Pollution From Other Sources

Section 1. Ban on Smoking
The LGU shall, within 6 months from affectivity of
these IRR, implement or enforce ban on smoking
inside a public building or an enclosed public
vehicles and or other means of transport or in any
enclosed area outside of ones private residence,
private place of work or any duly designated
smoking area which shall be enclosed.

FACT:

Tobacco Smoke
KILLS

Section 2. Regulation of Other Sources

The DOTC shall regulate and implement
emission standards on mobile sources other
than those referred to under Section 21 of
the Act.

Part IX. Pollution From Motor

Vehicles- DOTC thru LTO
Emission Control for New Motor Vehicles
Emission Control for In-Use Motor
Vehicles
National Motor Vehicle Inspection and
Maintenance Program
Roadside Inspection of Motor Vehicles.

Part X. Fuels, Additives,

Substances and Pollutants
Mechanism for Setting Fuel SpecificationsDOE, Bu. Of Product Standards of DTI,
DOST, representatives of fuel &
automotive industries, academe.
Specification of Allowable Additive Content
Review & Revision of Fuel Specifications
Monitoring Compliance through Fuel
Sampling

URBAN GREENING PROGRAM

Improves the environment and revitalizes the ecosystem

EXISTING

EXISTING

PROPOSED

PROPOSED

Can we still regain the clean

environment of old Manila?

If you care about the air

Be fair.. Dont Pollute!

Reduce Air Pollution and

increase your life span.

Permitting Section - 931-2954

Monitoring and Enforcement Section
931-2684 / 931-2397 / 931-3506
Office of the Regional Director - 931-1331
Planning Division - 931-1834
Records Section 931-2654
Web Site: www.emb.gov.ph