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On July 6, 1987, this was signed into law by President Corazon C. Aquino.
On August 3, 1988, the Family Code of the Philippines finally took effect.
Republic Act No. 6809 was passed on October 20, 1989. It took effect on
December 18, 1989
Amended Title X of the Family Code dealing with emancipation and the age of
majority.
Effectivity:
Art. 257 of the FC provides that it shall take affect one year after the
completion of its publication in a newspaper of general circulation as certified
by the Executive Secretary, Office of the President.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Permanent union
Union is between man and woman
Union must be entered into in accordance w/ law
Purpose of marriage is the establishment of conjugal and family life
Some Principles
a. Union Physical and spiritual mating.
b. Of one man with one woman This is monogamy, which is the ideal marriage
c. Reciprocal blessings Marriage is a 50-50 proposition; the wife must not
henpeck the husband; neither must the husband oppress the wife
d. Birth Since one of the purposes of marriage is the procreation of children,
the natural moral law prohibits artificial birth control. (For this is neither birth,
nor control; not birth, for no children are born; not control, for this would
result only in excess and indulgence.)
e. Rearing The care of BOTH parents is essential; too often, the rearing is done
by the mother alone, which is tragic
f. Education of children It is the natural right of parents to educate their
children
Rules Governing Marriage Before the New Civil Code
For the marriage ceremony Under Spain, only the religious or canonical
marriages were recognized in the Philippines. Marriages in Spanish Civil Code
never reached us.
For properties of the marriage and for property contracts on the occasion of
marriage Arts. 1315 to 1444 of the old Civil Code governed.
BUT: Arts. 42 to 107 of the old Civil Code were never enforced in the
Philippines because their application here was suspended by a decree of the
Spanish Governor-General dated
Offer of Marriage
The offer of the accused to marry the victim establishes his guilt. As a rule in
rape cases, an offer of marriage is an admission of guilt.
Acknowledgment of Offspring of Crime
the best evidence to prove the age of the offended party is an original or
certified true copy of the certificate of live birth of such party
if the certificate of live birth or authentic document is shown to have been lost
or destroyed or otherwise unavailable, the testimony, if clear and credible, of
the victims mother or a member of the family either by affinity or
consanguinity who is qualified to testimony on matters respecting pedigree
such as the exact age or date of birth of the offended party pursuant shall be
sufficient
in the absence of all the above, the complainants testimony will suffice
provided it is expressly and clearly admitted by the appellant
2)
3)
parties must have the necessary age or the necessary consent of parents in
certain cases. They must be of different sexes as dictated by biological law (two
sexes cannot procreate).
Under the old Marriage Law (Act 3613, Sec. 27), the marriage was considered
completely valid if, at the time of solemnization, both the spouses or one of
them believed in good faith that the solemnizer was actually empowered to do
so and that the marriage was perfectly legal.
Under the Civil Code, however, the good or bad faith of the parties was
immaterial. If the person performing the marriage had no authority to do so,
the marriage was void, regardless of the good or bad faith of the parties.
Under the Family Code, even if the solemnizing OFFICER is not authorized, the
marriage would be valid if either or both parties believe in good faith in his
authority to solemnize the marriage. (This is Art. 35 (2) of the family Code)
2.
A marriage license
What is required is the marriage license, not the marriage certificate. The latter
is not an essential or formal requisite; thus, an oral solemnization is valid. In
fact, a marriage may be proved by oral evidence.
3.
A marriage ceremony
This must be made in the presence of not less than two witnesses of legal age
and before a solemnizing OFFICER.
Irregularities apply to formal reqs which renders the marriage still valid, but the
parties are subjected to liabilities.
Examples of Void Marriages in Essential Reqs: (Sempio-Diy)
1. Absence of legal capacity
a. Marriage between children.
b. Marriage between an adult and a child
c. Same sex marriage
2.
Art. 54 of the Civil Code - the marriageable age was 14 yrs. for females and 16
yrs. for males.
Likewise, parties of marriageable ages and not suffering from any legal impediment are obligated to still comply with other essential as well as formal
requisites.
ART. 6. NO PRESCRIBED FORM OR RELIGIOUS RITE FOR THE SOLEMNIZATION OF THE
MARRIAGE IS REQUIRED. IT SHALL BE NECESSARY, HOWEVER, FOR THE CONTRACTING
PARTIES TO APPEAR PERSONALLY BEFORE THE SOLEMNIZING OFFICER AND DECLARE IN
THE PRESENCE OF NOT LESS THAN TWO WITNESSES OF LEGAL AGE THAT THEY TAKE
EACH OTHER AS HUSBAND AND WIFE. THIS DECLARATION SHALL BE CONTAINED IN THE
MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE WHICH SHALL BE SIGNED BY THE CONTRACTING PARTIES AND
THEIR WITNESSES AND ATTESTED BY THE SOLEMNIZING OFFICER.
IN CASE OF A MARRIAGE IN ARTICULO MORTIS, WHEN THE PARTY AT THE POINT OF
DEATH IS UNABLE TO SIGN THE MARRIAGE CERTIFICATE, IT SHALL BE SUFFICIENT FOR
ONE OF THE WITNESSES TO THE MARRIAGE TO WRITE THE NAME OF SAID PARTY,
WHICH FACT SHALL BE ATTESTED BY THE SOLEMNIZING OFFICER. (55A)
Necessity for a Ceremony or Celebration
It would seem that the answer is yes, provided that it is valid according to the
personal law of the parties and according to the place where the relationship
began
Rules on Marriages by Proxy
If the solemnizing OFFICER after hearing the wife says I do, forgot to ask the
groom on the same matter, the marriage would be valid, just the same, so long
as the groom also signed the marriage certificate.
In ARTICULO MORTIS (at the point of death)
At the point of death of one or both of the parties, the marriage is still valid even if:
1. There were no witnesses
2.
3.
Those not listed in Art. 7, no matter how high their authorities are, cannot
solemnize marriages. (Inclusio unius est exclusio alterius What the law does
not include, it excludes.)
Under the Local Government Code, however, mayors are now authorized to
perform marriages within their jurisdiction. (See Secs. 444-455, Local
Government Code).
JUDGES:
Courts of the Philippines are:
1. SC
2. CA
3. Court of tax appeals
4. Sandigang Bayan
5. RTCs
6. MTCs
Courts one to four has the authority to solemnize marriages in the entire
country
1.
2.
Consuls on home assignment (those that are here in the PH) cannot solemnize
marriage)
ARTICLE 8: THE MARRIAGE SHALL BE SOLEMNIZED PUBLICLY IN THE CHAMBERS OF THE
JUDGE OR IN OPEN COURT, IN THE CHURCH, CHAPEL OR TEMPLE, OR IN THE OFFICE OF
THE CONSUL-GENERAL, CONSUL OR VICE CONSUL, AS THE CASE MAY BE, AND NOT
ELSEWHERE, EXCEPT IN CASES OF MARRIAGES, CONTRACTED AT THE POINT OF DEATH
OR IN REMOTE PLACES IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 29 OF THIS CODE, OR WHERE
BOTH OF THE PARTIES REQUEST THE SOLEMNIZING OFFICER IN WRITING IN WHICH
CASE THE MARRIAGE MAY BE SOLEMNIZED AT A HOUSE OF PLACE DESIGNATED BY
THEM IN A SWORN STATEMENT TO THAT EFFECT.
1. Reason for public solemnization
requirement that the marriage be done publicly is based on the premise that the
state takes an active interest in the marriage
more people witness the marriage, more people can notify the solemnizing
OFFICER if they know of any impediments to said marriage
2. Instances where Public Solemnization in Not Needed
LOCAL CIVIL REGISTRAR AND OF THE SOLEMNIZING OFFICER WITH REGARD TO THE
CELEBRATION OF THE MARRIAGE SHALL BE PERFORMED BY SAID CONSULAR OFFICIAL.
(75A)
1. If performed abroad
marriage between Filipino citizens abroad by the Filipino consular official, the
provisions on marriage found under the Family Code shall apply (as if the marriage is
performed in the Philippines)
*** Art 17 of the Civil Code- when contracts are executed before the
diplomatic or consular officials of the RP in a foreign country, the
solemnities established by the Philippine laws shall be observed in their
execution
consular official of the Philippines abroad shall discharge the duties of the local civil
registrar and of the solemnizing official
marriage license is still required (to be issued by the consular official who will
solemnize the wedding)
marriage must be between Filipino citizens abroad; if one is a foreigner this article
does not apply
Filipino citizens abroad- Filipinos permanently residing abroad or who are mere
transients or vacationists there
ARTICLE 11. WHERE A MARRIAGE LICENSE IS REQUIRED, EACH OF THE CONTRACTING
PARTIES SHALL FILE SEPARATELY A SWORN APPLICATION FOR SUCH LICENSE WITH THE
PROPER LOCAL CIVIL REGISTRAR WHICH SHALL SPECIFY THE FOLLOWING:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Application for marriage license is required to be under oath so that the applicants
would tell the truth in their applications. Lying in any detail therein is perjury.
oath to the application shall be administered by the local civil registrar with whom the
application for license is filed
two parties to the intended marriage are required to file separate or individual sworn
applications because the data that they will state under oath are different
Falsification of information such as age, civil status, absence of relationship with each
other, in the marriage applications, will not render the license invalid if issued by the
local civil registrar of the place where the application is filed. However, the party who
gave wrong information would be civilly, criminally and administratively liable.
If the local civil registrar despite his knowledge of the falsity of information still issues
the license, he shall be civilly, criminally and administratively liable, but the marriage is
still valid.
2. Purpose of documentary requirements
concern of the state to make marriages the secure and stable institution they should
be
proper documents must be maintained to serve as proofs for their existence
task of seeing to it that these documentary proofs are accomplished is given to the
local civil registrar to secure publicity and to require a record to be made of marriages
contracted
purpose of these statutes is to discourage deception and seduction, prevent illicit
intercourse under the guise of matrimony and relieve from doubt the status of parties
who live together as man and wife by providing a competent evidence of the marriage
record also furnishes evidence of the statute and legitimacy of the offspring of the
marriage
3. Marriage application
marriage application can be obtained by anybody
Once it is signed and sworn to by the parties and thereafter filed, the local civil
registrar has no choice but to accept the application and process the same up to the
time of the issuance of the marriage license.
If the local civil registrar has knowledge of some legal impediment, he or she cannot
discontinue processing the application. He must only note down the legal impediments
in the application and thereafter issue the marriage license unless otherwise stopped
by the court
ARTICLE 12. THE LOCAL CIVIL REGISTRAR, UPON RECEIVING SUCH APPLICATION, SHALL
REQUIRE THE PRESENTATION OF THE ORIGINAL BIRTH CERTIFICATES OR, IN DEFAULT
THEREOF, THE BAPTISMAL CERTIFICATES OF THE CONTRACTING PARTIES OR COPIES OF
SUCH DOCUMENTS DULY ATTESTED BY THE PERSONS HAVING CUSTODY OF THE
ORIGINALS. THESE CERTIFICATES OR CERTIFIED COPIES OF THE DOCUMENTS REQUIRED
BY THIS ARTICLE NEED NOT BE SWORN TO AND SHALL BE EXEMPT FROM THE
DOCUMENTARY STAMP TAX. THE SIGNATURE AND OFFICIAL TITLE OF THE PERSON
ISSUING THE CERTIFICATE SHALL BE SUFFICIENT PROOF OF ITS AUTHENTICITY.
AND HIS OR HER ACTUAL CIVIL STATUS AND THE NAME AND DATE OF DEATH OF THE
DECEASED SPOUSE. (61A)
6. Parental consent must be for the child to marry a specific person; it cannot be
consent to marry anyone
7. Preference is given to the father. If he cannot, the mother, surviving parent or
guardian or persons having legal charge of them in the order mentioned shall give the
consent