1

Unit Commitment in fully Renewable, HydroWind Energy Systems

Mustafa Pezic and Vanesa Moray Cedrs, RED ELCTRICA DE ESPAA - Spain1

Abstract-- This paper presents the solutions to the Unit

Commitment problem for fully renewable energy systems. Today
in Spain there is a small and isolated system of completely
renewable electrical energy sources. Specifically we are talking
about the island of El Hierro in the Canarian archipelago. There
is only a wind farm and a hydro pure-pump station. As well as
some small thermal units, which are used only in emergency.
We apply the Unit Commitment tool for operation planning
in this system. There are several novelties in the Unit
Commitment problem both in the model and the methodological
solution.
In the part of the model, what is original are the specific and
unusual characteristics of the hydro pure-pump station.
In the part of the methodology, we need to introduce artificial
costs for coordination between the wind farm and the pure-pump
station.
We used mixed-integer linear programming (MILP)
methodology to find the optimal scheduling of a multiunit pumpstorage hydro power station.
In this paper we explain in detail the model and
methodologies used and we present the results obtained with the
software tool developed for this purpose.
Index Terms: Unit Commitment, RES, Hydro System, PurePump System, MILP

methodological solution.
In the part of the model, the specific and unusual
characteristics of the hydro pure-pump station should be
noted. Some of these are: the possibility of simultaneous work
pumping-generation, the need to schedule by physical units
(not only by station), specific characteristics of regulation
(reserve) for generation units and pumping units also, and
specific characteristics of inertia contribution of each unit.
In the part of the methodology, the well known hydrothermal coordination, which until now applied to Unit
Commitment (based on costs of the thermal parts and the
future costs of the hydro part), is not applicable in this case.

Fig. 1. Hydrothermal coordination.

It is necessary to introduce artificial costs for coordination

between the wind farm and the pure-pump station. Also, it is
necessary to introduce the possibility of reducing wind
generation.

I. INTRODUCTION

his year the hydro-pump-wind power plant on the island

of El Hierro will be commissioned. The objective of this
station is to cover the electrical energy requirements of the
island utilizing renewable energies exclusively. This station
will be made up of a wind farm, two water deposits, a
hydroelectric plant and a pumping station. The system will
guarantee supply to the island and existing diesel units will
only be used in cases of shortage in renewable sources.
The advantages of this installation are numerous, from the
economic to the environmental, but its also true that the
exploitation of this system poses a great challenge due to the
difficulty of coordinating a hydro-thermal-wind system. The
goal of this paper is to specify the short-term operation
planning methodology of the El Hierro electrical system,
considering hydro-thermal-wind.
For operation planning in this system the Unit Commitment
tool is used with several novelties both in the model and the
1

Red Elctrica de Espaa (www.ree.es), Paseo Conde de los Gaitanes 177,

28109 Alcobendas, (Madrid), SPAIN.
Vanesa Moray Cedrs (e-mail: vmoray@ree.es).
Mustafa Pezic (e-mail: mpezic@ree.es).

Fig. 2. Hydro-Thermal-Wind coordination.

Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) methodology

will be used to find the optimal scheduling of a multiunit
pump-storage hydro power station.
In Chapter II we will specify the characteristics of the El
Hierro electrical system and the simulations performed.
In Chapter III we will discuss the new model and
methodology applied from the theoretical point of view.
In Chapter IV we will demonstrate practical effects on a
particular system.
Finally, we list some references related to similar
researches. Reference [1] is related to multiunit pump-storage
hydro power station. References [2], [3] and [4] are related to
hydro- thermal unit commitment and pump storage station in
UC.
Reference [5] is related with similar investigation as in this
paper, but based on stochastic optimization. We have also
considered this possibility but in the end we have decided to

use deterministic optimization with regulating reserves and

inertia requirements. Reserve requirements are a previously
calculation based on stochastic analysis of wind production.
References [6], [7] and [8] are related to our previous
investigation in UC methodology (MAREA). Reference [9] is
related to electrical regulations.

II. MODEL AND METHODOLOGY REQUIREMENTS

A. El Hierro system description
The system will be composed of a wind farm, two
reservoirs, a hydroelectric plant and a pumping station. The
main parts of this project are presented in the following
figures, fig. 1. geographical position and fig. 2. in the form of
diagram.
Valverde

Upper reservoir
Valve-house

variable cost in 2011 of 240 /MWh.

2) Thermal Units
The El Hierro electrical system counts on a single thermal
station, and has a total effective power output of 11.18 MW
distributed between the diesel units (internal combustion
motors between the sizes of 0.7 MW and 2 MW).
3) Hydro-Pump plant
The hydraulic plant is made up of the following elements:
- Deposits and conduction
The upper reservoir will have a capacity of up to 500,000
cubic meters of water, and the lower reservoir will have a
usable capacity of 150,000 cubic meters. The energy storage
capacity of the exploitation, referring to the latter, is
approximately 210 MWh.
Regarding the piping, there are 2 pipes (one exclusively for
the pumping station and the other exclusively for the
hydroelectric plant) which allows pumping and generating at
the same time.

Pressure pipe
Wind Farm

Down reservoir
Pumping plant

- Pumping Units
The installation consists of 6 pumping units of 0.5 MW and 2
pumping units of 1.5 MW with a combined power output of 6
MW. The 0.5 MW units do not have the capacity for
regulation while the 1.5 MW units remain steady between 1
and 1.5 MW (when they are in use/working).

Hydroelectric station
La Estaca
Llanos Blancos

Fig. 3. Hydro-Pump station El Hierro - Geographical position

Reservoir
(500,000 m3)
Wind Farm
(11.5 MW)

- Hydraulic Turbines
The hydroelectric station consists of 4 Pelton turbines of
2.83 MW of power each, and a total power output of 11.32
MW. The minimum power of these units is situated around
20% of the maximum power, and exceptionally could be 10%.
4) Wind Farm
The wind farm consists of a set of 5 wind generators of 2.3
MW of power each, with a total power output of 11.5 MW.

Pelton
turbines

Electrical
Sub-station

Pumping plant

Llanos Blancos
Thermal Power
Station

Reservoir
(150,000 m3)

Demand

Fig. 4. Hydro-Pump station El Hierro Diagram.

1) Demand
The required supply for the year 2011 for the El Hierro
power system exceeded 45 GWh, having the historical power
peak (maximum registered value) of 7.8 MW.
Currently the power demand of the system is supplied by
100% fossil fuel (diesel). This, combined with the small size
of the installed units and the technologies employed , means
that the El Hierro electrical system results the most expensive
on average costs of the Canary Islands, exceeding an average

B. Simulation of operation
To define methodology and model requirements we
developed a simulator based mix-integer programming
methodology and used commercial optimization software IBM
CPLEX. The results of this simulator are presented below.
1) Initial considerations
Initially, we analyzed wind generation because we
considered it as being the most influential part in operation
planning.
The following graph shows information corresponding to
the wind generation installed at SE Arico (Tenerife, 16.5 MW
installation) from the 16th July 2012, given that at this stage
telemetry of wind generation in the El Hierro electric system
is not available. The information that is represented
corresponds to the forecast, the real hourly generation and the
real generation every two minutes.

3
July 16, 2012. SE Arico (Tenerife)

observe that the net from the turbine-pump installation is 2

MWh (pump) and it is not necessary to operate the pump and
the turbine at the same time given that it is technically possible
to pump 2 MWh with the available units.

16
15
14
13
12

MWh

11

Hydro-Wind-Thermal - SIMULATION
INPUT Data

10
9
8
7

Real (hourly average)

6
2
2
2

Wind
Price Wind.
Price Wind Loss
Price Therm.

8
10
10000
1000

Volume INI
Vmax
Vmin
Price Hydro

70
210
50
100

RESULTS

Real (2 min)

Demand
RminUp
RminDown
Inertia

Generation

WIND Loss
0

Forecast at ten in the morning on July 15

Demand

Tot.

As we can see from the figure, there is quite a difference

between the forecast and the real average hourly generation.
Also, we can see a marked variation within the hour.
Based on previous observations, we concluded that it is
necessary to have strong requirements on spinning reserve in
both directions, up and down, and inertia requirement too,
because we note that it is possible to cover all demand using
only wind power, but wind units do not provide enough
inertia.
In order to test how these requirements will affect the
programming of the generation, various schedule simulations
have been carried out with the help of UC prototype whose
results demonstrate the need to develop a model which meets
these requisites. Here, both the tests carried out and their
results are summarized.
2) Operation of turbine-pump according to the
requirements of regulation and inertia
In the following examples it should be obvious that the
operation of the pump is closely tied to the requirements of
regulation and inertia.
A simulation was carried out over an hour in which the
forecasted demand was 6 MWh and the forecasted wind
generation was 8 MWh.
Hydro-Wind-Thermal - SIMULATION
INPUT Data

Demand
RminUp
RminDown
Inertia

6
0
0
0

Wind
Price Wind.
Price Wind Loss
Price Therm.

8
10
10000
1000

Volume INI
Vmax
Vmin
Price Hydro

70
210
50
100

RESULTS
Generation

WIND Loss
0

Demand

Tot.
8
Energy
Tot. WIND
8
Forec. WIND
8

WIND
6

Rup
Rdown
Iner
0
0
0

Wind->Pump.
2
Reservoir
Vfin Aport.
71.2
1.2

Vini
70

Tot. PUMP
-2

RESULTS
Turb.->Pump
0

PUMP
Pumping

PUMP
Turb.

Tot.Pump
-2

Energy

0.63
0.05
0

Tot.Turb.
0

Therm->Pump.
0
Tot. THERM
0

REQUIREMENTS
Rup Req
Rdown Req
Iner Req
0
6
0
0

Dem.Req.

THERMO
0

0
0
0

Rup
Rdown
Iner
0.63
0.05
2

DIFFERENCE (>=0 satisfy)

0.63
0
0.05
2
BALANCE
In
8
Out
6
Acum.
1.2
Loss
0.8

Fig. 6. Case 1. Reserves and inertia requirements are = zero.

Energy
Tot. WIND
8
Forec. WIND
8

WIND
6

Vini
70

Reservoir
Vfin Aport.
70.496 0.5

Tot. PUMP
-2

Dem.Req.

RESULTS
Turb.->Pump
1.76

PUMP
Pumping

Energy

PUMP
Turb.

Tot.Pump
-3.76

3.84
2.22
0

Tot.Turb.
1.76

Tot. THERM
0

0
0
0

THERMO
0

Rup
Rdown
Iner
3.84
2.22
2

DIFFERENCE (>=0 satisfy)

1.84
0
0.22
0
BALANCE
In
9.76
Out
6
Acum.
0.496
Loss
3.264

Therm->Pump.
0

Fig. 7. Case 2. Reserves and inertia requirements are = 2.

Case 2. (Requirements are = 2). In contrast to the previous

case, the fact that we consider the reserve and inertia required
by the electrical regulations, supposes the simultaneous
operation of the turbines (1.76 MWh) and the pump (-3.76
MWh).
In our case it is necessary to consider the Case 2, not only
to have enough capacity for regulation but also because it is
required by law. As we can see, there are various solutions to
meet demand and all restrictions. Of these, it is considered that
the best solution is one that minimizes losses in the system
"Loss" (difference between the total energy entering the
system and the total energy leaving the system). This value is
indicated by the arrow in Figures 6 and 7.
3) The volume state of the reservoir in accordance with the
planning methodology
In order to express the influence of this planning
methodology in the upper reservoirs volume state, a
simplified daily scheduling in MAREA was executed
(MAREA is UC that is currently used for planning extrapeninsular systems). The results were compared with results
obtained from a new simulator, called REAL, with the same
entry data (demand and wind generation), but incorporating
the requirements of regulation and inertia (=2). The next
figure shows the results of these simulations.
Reservoir volume state
105
100

95
90
MAREA

85

'REAL'

80
1

Case 1. (Requirements are = zero). In this case we can

Rup
Rdown
Iner
0
0
0

Wind->Pump.
2

MWh (reservoir)

Fig. 5. Wind generation comparison (Forecast - Real (2 min) - Real (Hourly

avr.)).

REQUIREMENTS
Rup Req
Rdown Req
Iner Req
2
6
2
2

9.76

1
18
35
52
69
86
103
120
137
154
171
188
205
222
239
256
273
290
307
324
341
358
375
392
409
426
443
460
477
494
511
528
545
562
579
596
613
630
647
664
681
698
715

10

11

12

hours

Fig. 8. Reservoir volume state as results of MAREA and REAL simulator.

From the figure above we see that the "MAREA" solution

is more optimistic. This is because it did not take into account
the loss of energy by water recirculation when turbines and
pumps function simultaneously, as is shown in figures 6 and 7.
We can see that the results obtained by MAREA are not
well calculated. Therefore, it is necessary to find a more
detailed and accurate model.
C. Methodology and model requirements
1) Model requirements of hydro-pump plant
The singularity of the constructive characteristics and
operation of the hydro-pump power plant of El Hierro,
together with the objective of the installation, makes necessary
the development of a model that is capable of meeting the
following requirements:
The data model must be capable of being scheduled by
physical units taking each one into consideration (pump or
turbine) as well as the parameters of the maximum and
minimum power, inertia, frequency regulation capability,
etc.
The possibility of exploiting the installation by turbine and
pump simultaneously.
Permitting the establishment of certain minimum
requirements of regulation and inertia in the system.
The model has to incorporate not only the hydro-thermal
coordination but also the hydro-thermal-wind coordination.
2) Methodology requirements
The needs of the Operation department of the Canary
Islands in relation to the operation planning of the hydro-pump
plant of
El Hierro consist: In summary, the chosen
methodology needs to be capable of providing a scheduling
that guarantees a minimum capacity for the regulation and
inertia in order to ensure the stability and security of the
electrical system at the lowest cost possible.

III. NEW MODEL AND METHODOLOGY

A. Model
In a classic UC we would model this installation solely as a
pump, without taking into consideration water, only with the
possibility of energy storage. In order to be able to operate
both ways at the same time, we must first separate the parts of
generation and pumping. For unconventional characteristics of
the hydraulic units (there is a technical minimum) and, in
order to correctly calculate the contributions to the spinning
reserve and the inertia, more separations are needed; extended
even to the physical units.
In general, hydro system is a group of hydrologically
coupled elements. Coupled elements can be run-of river or
storage reservoirs, river flow and canals (for irrigation or
supply). Power units may work on generation or pump mode.

Fig. 9. Hydro system, in general.

The model will consider, among others, the following

characteristics:
(Modeled as a set of interconnected reservoirs; Hydro plant
characteristics: Maximum and minimum discharge, Efficiency
curves, Efficiency for pump mode; Reservoir characteristics:
Maximum and minimum reservoir volumes, Volume-Level
characteristic; Flow delay; Spillage; inflows; Water demands;
Initial water levels; cost-to-go curves or final water levels).
As a specific example we have a particular case - El Hierro
hydro system. It is pure-pump power station (closed-type),
which means there are two reservoirs (upper and lower)
connected with separate pipes with a correlation between
pump and turbine work mode. Another specific characteristic
of this system is that there are separate machines for pump and
generation as shown in the next figure.

Fig. 10. El Hierro Hydro system, in particular.

As it is required, the model will include some additional

features:
Scheduling by physical units (not only station)
Possibility of simultaneous work pumping-generation
Characteristics of regulation (reserve) for generation units
and pumping units.
Characteristics of inertia of each unit.
Keeping all this in mind, we opted for a model similar to
the hydraulic basin (hydro system) with novelties such as
physical unit modelling, consideration for technical
minimums, the possibility of working in both directions
simultaneously, more precise calculation of the contributions
to the spinning reserve and inertia, etc.
The next figure shows P-Q characteristics of hydro units in
the El Hierro electrical system.

CTs start up cost for thermal unit.

CTo cost of entry order for hydro units

Hydro units efficiency (P-Q)

3.00

2.50

Power [MW]

2.00

1.50

1.00

Power TURBINE (MW)

Power PUMP 1.5 (MW)
Power PUMP 0.5 (MW)

0.50
Efficiency
(Turbine-Pump)
0.00
0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

Discharge m3/s

Fig. 11. P-Q characteristics of El Hierro hydro system.

In our model we use piecewise linear approximation as is

shown in the next figure.

Fig. 12. P-Q characteristic approximation.

B. Methodology
To solve this system we used the same Unit Commitment
that we use for other systems. In this model we had to add new
elements in as much for objective function as for the part of
constraints.
1) Objective function
The objective function in the classic unit commitment is to
minimize the variable costs of operation that are normally
found with thermal units. The coordination between hydro and
thermal units is also included in case hydraulic units exist. In
this case we dont have thermal units (only in case of
emergency), so a new objective function needs to be formed
that provides the wind-hydro-thermo coordination.
Objective function in this case is:
FO = min ( CWe + CWl + CHe + CHa + CHo + CHc + CTe +
CTs + CTo )
Where:
CWe costs of wind produced energy
CWl costs of wind energy lost
CHe costs of hydro-energy produced
CHa cost of hydro-energy accumulated
CHo cost of entry order for hydro units
CHc cost of continuity for the hydro units
CTe cost of thermal energy (costs of combustion)

All the costs are artificial except the CTe and CTs, which
are the typical costs in a classic UC.
According to current Spanish legislation, the RES
(Renewable Energy Sources) have absolute production
priority, so the cost of CWe must be the lowest (normally
zero). On the other hand, CWl must be the highest, but we
have to be careful because with such a high cost, and with the
possibility of pumping (pump minimum >0); we can see that
thermal units are started in order to avoid the high costs of
wind loss, and this is not very convenient.
As for the hydro energy produced, CHe, we have to give it
a value so it enters after wind and before thermal. CHa is the
cost of accumulated energy in the hydro system. This cost is
necessary in order to maintain the level of the reservoir at the
end of the planning period (final reservoir volume is not
fixed).
Because of the fact that units are equal amongst
themselves, it is necessary to introduce entry order costs CHo
and CTo. Above all it is important for the hydro units that they
do not have start up costs.
Continuity costs CHc for the hydro units are important in
order to avoid frequent starts and stoppages.
As we can suppose, many simulations are required for a
particular system in order to gain concrete values for each one
of these costs. As was stated earlier, we only know the real
costs of the thermal units CTe and CTs. It is also easy to give
a value to the CWe cost, which is zero or a very small value
due to numeric reasons.
It is also easy to give values for the CHo, CHc and CTo
costs, which are small values and related to the the number of
units in the case of CHo and CTo; and related to the period in
the case of CHc.
Finally, the only values remaining for us to assign are for
the costs CHe and CHa. For CHe we follow the rule
CWe<CHe<CWl<CTe and CWe<(CHe+CHa)<CWl<CTe.
Given the cost of CHa is related to the state of the reservoir at
the beginning and end of the planning period, it could be
negative if accumulation is produced, so we must be careful.
That is, we must carry out the rule CHe>CHa.
These artificial costs are not so sensitive. The most
important is to maintain the roles. In our case, the values of
these costs are: Started from known thermal costs (CTe =250
/MWh; CTs =1000/start; CTo =1.), we put CWe =1
/MWh; CWl =200 /MWh; CHe =20 /MWh; CHa =10
/MWh; CHo =1; CHc =1.

2) Constraints
In our complete UC model we considerate a lot of
constrains, like in other UC developed models, for instance
described in reference [4]. Here, we describe only those
relevant with present investigation.
The most significant constraints:
Related to hydro system:

Discharge constraints MIN and MAX:

Reservoirs Volume constraints MIN and MAX:

Reservoirs Volume calculation:

hourly energy production/consumption for every unit

hourly spinning reserve up and down provided by every unit
IV. PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATION
In this chapter the results of the previously mentioned
cases (Fig. 6 and 7) are detailed in three tables below. Table I
shows the data from the hydraulic units. Table II shows the
results from case 1 and Table III shows the results of case 2.
TABLE I

Hydro system data

Related to Wind:
Wind Power MIN and MAX:

Related to Inertia:
Inertia MIN:
TABLE II

Hydro system results without reserve and inertia

requirements
Where:
T - Scheduling period in hours
t - Time index
HUNIT - Total number of hydro units
h - Hydro unit index
RES - Total number of reservoirs
r - Reservoir index
Rup - Reservoirs above
Rdown - Reservoirs down
HUNIT_Q Discharge decision variable for hydro units
(float)
RES_V Volume decision variable for reservoirs (float)
PG Type of unit (Pump (-1) or Turbine (1)
Delay - Delay between reservoir INI and reservoir FIN
WIND - Total number of Wind units
w - Wind unit index
WIND_P Wind generation decision variable
WIND_FORC Wind generation forecast
INER Unit contribution to inertia
INER_REQ System inertia requirement
UNIT Set of units (all units)
3) Other considerations:
We solve the problem by using mixed-integer linear
programming (MILP) methodology. The software is able to
find the optimal scheduling of a multiunit pump-storage hydro
power station, for a short term period (up to one month) in
which the demand, up and down reserves and inertia are
forecasted. Commercial software will be used for optimization
IBM CPLEX together with OPL programming language.
The software provides, among others, the following results:
hourly inflow, turbine discharge and spill
hourly reservoir levels

TABLE III

Hydro system results reserves and inertia requirements =2

As seen in the table above, the requirements can be met,

but with a very specific work mode: turbine and pumping
simultaneously, turbines are working with minimum power,
pump units providing reserve, etc.
Below we present the results of the simulations carried out
over a period of 24 hours, keeping in consideration the thermal
generation installed in the El Hierro electrical system, as well
as each of the components of the hydro-wind system
(hydraulic pumps, hydraulic turbines and wind turbines).

7
TABLE IV

Simulation 1. Without reserve or inertia requirements. 8 MWh wind generation at all times. Initial volume 180 MWh

As it can be seen from the previous table, the wind generation exceeds the demand over all times. Therefore, it is necessary to
pump the excesses of wind generation. On the other hand, it is also necessary in a few hours to activate the pumps and hydraulic
turbines at the same time in order to avoid spilling excess wind.
TABLE V

Simulation 2. With reserve and inertia requirements. 8 MWh wind generation at all times. Initial volume 180 MWh.

In this final simulation, we observe that in order to satisfy the requirements of the reserve and inertia, as well as avoiding
spilling excess wind, the simultaneous operation of the turbines and pump becomes necessary at all times. Contrary to the
simulation shown in Figure 8, in this case the volume of the upper reservoir increases. This is because in this case the reserve
requirements are lower.

A. Conclusion
Based on research described here, the authors have updated
and tested existing Unit Commitment for support to fully
renewable systems with the following conclusion:
It is possible to apply Unit Commitment methodology for
operation planning in fully renewable systems.
It is necessary to redefine the objective function for two
reasons, firstly there are no variable function costs and
secondly the coordination mechanism is different, it is not
based on real costs. It is necessary to introduce artificial costs.
A more detailed model is necessary for unit contribution to
spinning reserve, not only up but also down. It is necessary to
introduce a new requirement, in this case inertia, because wind
generation alone is not enough for system stability.
At present, developed software is in use in the islands
systems.

V. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the
Operation department of the Canary Islands and Operation
Tools department for their kind support during this project.

VI. REFERENCES
[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

Alberto Borghetti, Senior Member, IEEE, Claudia DAmbrosio, Andrea

Lodi, and Silvano Martello, An MILP Approach for Short-Term Hydro
Scheduling and Unit Commitment With Head-Dependent Reservoir,
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 23, NO. 3,
AUGUST 2008
Chao-an Li, Eric Hsu, Alva J. Svoboda (Member, IEEE), Chung-li
Tseng, Raymond B. Johnson (Member, IEEE),HYDRO UNIT
COMMITMENT IN HYDRO-THERMAL OPTIMIZATION,IEEE
Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 12, No. 2, May 1997
Zhao Hongwei and Ren Zhen, HYDRO-THERMAL UNIT
COMMITMENT CONSIDERING PUMPED STORAGE STATIONS
Power System Technology, 1998. Proceedings. POWERCON '98.
Ding Qiang, Zhou Jing-yang, Pan Yi, Li Qiang, Han Bin, Li Xiao-lei
and Guo Xia-ming, Sun Yi, Coordinative Optimization Model Based
on MILP for Hydrothermal Power System, Power and Energy
Engineering Conference (APPEEC), 2012 Asia-Pacific
Castronuovo, E.D.; Peas Lopes, J.A., On the optimization of the daily
operation of a wind-hydro power plant, IEEE Trans. Pow. Sys. v.19
n.3, p.1599, 2004
Javier Revuelta and Mustafa Pezic,Cost and fuel consumption in the
Spanish Electricity Market: inefficiencies and risks with the present
rules vs. an alternative bidding and clearing design 5th International
Conference on the European Electricity Market Lisbon (Portugal) from
28 to 30 of May, 2008
Mustafa Pezic, Influence of not-managable production units on the
operation planning and control of the electrical system Spanish
experience, CIGR, BOSNIA- HERZEGOVINA NEUM, 21.10.
25.10.2007
Javier Revuelta, Mustafa Pezic, Marta Quintana, True modelling of
combined cycle plants in the unit commitment problem, International
Conference Electrical and Control Technologies 2007 3-4 May 2007
Kaunas, Lithuania
Orden ITC/913/2006, de 30 de marzo, por la que se aprueban el mtodo
de clculo del coste de cada uno de los combustibles utilizados y el
procedimiento de despacho y liquidacin de la energa en los sistemas
elctricos insulares y extrapeninsulares.

VII. BIOGRAPHIES
Vanesa Moray Cedrs (b. 1978) received B.S and M.S
degrees in Industrial Engineering from University of Las
Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
In 2003, she joined Red Elctrica de Espaa Transmission System Operator of the Spanish electric
system. Her work has been related to operation tools, system
operation, generation planning and scheduling, wind integration and impact in
operation, and electricity markets. She has developed applications related to
demand coverage in the Spanish extra-peninsular electric systems.
Mustafa Pezic (b. 1956) received B.S. and M.S. degrees in
Electrical Engineering from the Univerzitet Sarajevo of
Sarajevo Bosnia&Herzegovina.
He is currently a Senior Research and Development
Engineer at Red Elctrica de Espaa (REE, Transmission
System Operator of the Spanish electric system) where he is
involved in the development of power system scheduling
methods. He has designed and developed the Unit Commitment software for
the generation scheduling in the Balearic and Canary Islands, responsibility of
REE.