Videojuegos

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Video Games, Animation, Graphing, FX
Videojuegos, Animacin, Graficacin, Efectos especiales
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Welcome to Pong-Story - Introduction". PONG-Story
http://www.pong-story.com/intro.htm
Video games History
Early games used interactive electronic devices with various display formats. The earliest
example is from 1947a "Cathode Ray Tube Amusement Device" was filed for a patent on
January 25, 1947 by Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann, and issued on
December 14, 1948 as U.S. Patent 2455992.
Inspired by radar displays, it consisted of an analog device that allowed a user to control a
vector-drawn dot on the screen to simulate a missile being fired at targets, which were
drawings fixed to the screen.
Other early examples include:
The NIMROD computer at the 1951 Festival of Britain
OXO by Alexander S. Douglas for the EDSAC in 1952
Tennis for Two, an interactive game written by William Higinbotham in 1958
Spacewar!, written by MIT students Martin Graetz, Steve Russell, and Wayne
Wiitanen's on a DEC PDP-1 computer in 1961.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game#History
History of video games
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_video_games
Nimrod (computing)
The Nimrod was a special purpose computer that played the game of Nim, designed and
built by Ferranti and displayed at the Exhibition of Science during the 1951 Festival of
Britain. Later, when the Festival ended, the computer was shown in Berlin. It was the first
digital computer exclusively designed to play a game, though its true intention was to
illustrate the principles of the (then novel) digital computer for the public.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimrod_(computing)
OXO
OXO (also known as Noughts and Crosses) is a tic-tac-toe computer game made for the
EDSAC computer in 1952. It was written by Alexander S. (Sandy) Douglas as an
illustration for his Ph.D. thesis on human-computer interaction for the University of
Cambridge. OXO was the first known (graphical) game to run on a computer. However,

there is a patent dating from 19471948 that describes a missile simulation game utilizing a
cathode ray tube.[1]
1. ^ Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. and Estle Ray Mann filed a United States patent application on
January 25, 1947 and U.S. Patent #2 455 992 issued on December 14, 1948.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OXO#cite_note-0
Videojuego Orgenes
La historia de los videojuegos comienza aproximadamente en 1947, cuando la idea de un
videojuego fue concebida y patentada por Thomas T. Goldsmith Jr. y Estle Ray Mann,
quienes inscribieron una aplicacin para patentes en 25 de enero de 1947 y les fue otorgada
en 14 de diciembre de 1948.1
Tendran que pasar aos (hasta 1952) para que el primer videojuego "real" de la historia
fuese creado. OXO, que as se llamaba, era en realidad un juego grfico computarizado,
fruto de la tesis doctoral de Alexander Sandy Douglas para la Universidad de Cambridge en
Inglaterra sobre la interactividad entre computadoras y seres humanos. Es una versin del
conocido "Tres en lnea" escrito para la computadora EDSAC (el primer calculador
electrnico de la historia). OXO poda tomar sus decisiones en funcin de los movimientos
del jugador, que transmita las rdenes a travs de un conexin dial integrado en el sistema.
Existen discrepancias a la hora de considerar a OXO como el primer videojuego de la
historia, ya que no cuenta con video animacin.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videojuego#Or.C3.ADgenes
Historia de los videojuegos
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_los_videojuegos

Tennis for Two. October 18, 1958, as one of the first electronic games to use a graphical
display
Tennis for Two, 18 de Octubre de 1958, el primer videojuego de la historia
Tennis for Two
Wikipedia (20130428)
Tennis For Two was an electronic game developed in 1958 on a Donner Model 30 [2]
analog computer, which simulates a game of tennis or ping pong on an oscilloscope.
Created by American physicist William Higinbotham, it is important in the history of video
games as one of the first electronic games to use a graphical display.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_for_Two
Tennis for Two
Wikipedia (20130428)
Tennis for Two es un videojuego de tenis desarrollado por William Higinbotham en 1958
usando para ello un osciloscopio de la Brookhaven National Laboratory a modo de monitor
conectado a una computadora analgica siendo este el primer videojuego de la historia.2
El juego constaba de una lnea horizontal que era el campo de juego y otra pequea vertical
en el centro del campo representando la red. Los jugadores deban elegir el ngulo en el que
sala la bola y golpearla.

http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_for_Two

Spacewar!
Wikipedia (20130428)
Spacewar! is one of the earliest known digital computer games. It is a two-player game,
with each player taking control of a spaceship and attempting to destroy the other. A star in
the centre of the screen pulls on both ships and requires maneuvering to avoid falling into
it. In an emergency, a player can enter hyperspace to return at a random location on the
screen, but only at the risk of exploding if it is used too often.
Steve "Slug" Russell, Martin "Shag" Graetz, and Wayne Wiitanen of the fictitious
"Hingham Institute" conceived of the game in 1961, with the intent of implementing it on a
DEC PDP-1 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After Alan Kotok obtained some
sine and cosine routines from DEC, Russell began coding, and by February 1962 had
produced his first version. It took approximately 200 hours of work to create the initial
version. Additional features were developed by Dan Edwards, Peter Samson, and Graetz.[1]
Background
Between 1959 and 1961, a collection of interactive graphical programs had been created on
the TX-0 experimental computer at MIT. These included Mouse in the Maze[2] and Tic-TacToe.[3]
In the fall of 1961, a PDP-1 was installed in the "kludge room" of the Electrical
Engineering Department, and even before its arrival, a group of students at a tenement on
Hingham Street had been brainstorming ideas for programs that would demonstrate the new
computer's capabilities in a compelling way.[3] "We had this brand new PDP-1," Russell told
Rolling Stone in a 1972 interview. "Somebody had built some little pattern-generating
programs which made interesting patterns like a kaleidoscope. Not a very good
demonstration. Here was this display that could do all sorts of good things! So we started
talking about it, figuring what would be interesting displays. We decided that probably you
could make a two-dimensional maneuvering sort of thing, and decided that naturally the
obvious thing to do was spaceships."[4] Russell had just finished reading the Lensman series
by E.E. Smith and thought the stories would make a good basis for the program. "His
heroes had a strong tendency to get pursued by the villain across the galaxy and have to
invent their way out of their problem while they were being pursued. That sort of action
was the thing that suggested Spacewar. He had some very glowing descriptions of
spaceship encounters and space fleet maneuvers."[4] Other influences cited by Graetz
include E.E. Smith's Skylark novels and Japanese sci-fi tokusatsu movies.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacewar!
Spacewar!
Wikipedia (20130428)
Spacewar! fue el 2 juego interactivo de ordenador, no as el primero de la historia, ttulo
que debate Tennis for Two. Desarrollado en 1961 por Steve Russell junto a otros
estudiantes del Instituto de Tecnologa de Massachusetts (MIT) en una PDP-1.

En 1961, Steve "Slug" Russell, Martin "Shag" Graetz y Wayne Wiitanen, del ficticio
"Instituto Hingham", con la intencin de implementarlo en un DEC PDP-1 del MIT.
Despus de que Alan Kotok obtuviera algunas rutinas de seno y coseno de la DEC, Russell
comenz a codificar, y por febrero de 1962 haba producido su primera versin. Crear la
versin inicial tom aproximadamente 200 horas de trabajo. Caractersticas adicionales
fueron desarrolladas por Dan Edwards, Peter Samson, y Martin Graetz.
Descripcin
El juego bsico de Spacewar! envuelve a dos naves espaciales armadas llamadas "la aguja"
y "la cua" tratando de destruirse mutuamente sin caer por la fuerza gravitatoria de una
estrella. Las naves disparan misiles que se ven afectados por el campo de fuerza (curvando
y ralentizando su trayectoria). Ambas naves tienen un nmero limitado de misiles y
combustible. El hiperespacio puede ser usado para esquivar los misiles enemigos, pero la
salida de ste se ubica siempre en un lugar aleatorio, y se incrementa la probabilidad de que
la nave explote en cada uso.
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacewar!
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Historia de los Videojuegos Espaoles
http://histinf.blogs.upv.es/2011/01/09/historia-de-los-videojuegos-espanoles/
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Magnavox Odyssey
The Magnavox Odyssey is the world's first video game console. It was first demonstrated
in May 1972 and released that fall, predating the Atari Pong home consoles by three years.
The Odyssey was designed by Ralph Baer, who began around 1966 and had a working
prototype finished by 1968. This prototype, known as the Brown Box,[2] is now at the
Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.
1. ^ PONG-Story : Magnavox Odyssey - the first video game system
2. ^ Greg Orlando (2007-05-15). "Console Portraits: A 40-Year Pictorial History of Gaming".
Wired News.
http://www.wired.com/gaming/gamingreviews/multimedia/2007/05/gallery_game_history?slide=21 .
Retrieved on 2007-09-08.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey#cite_note-1
Magnavox Odyssey
Comercializada por la filial de Philips en Estados Unidos, la Magnavox Odyssey es la
primera videoconsola de la historia. Fue desarrollada por el genio Ralph Baer (apodado el
padre de los videojuegos caseros) y lanzada en las tiendas norteamericanas a finales del
ao 1972, convirtindose en un xito de ventas en muy poco tiempo.
El prototipo de esta consola, desarrollado en 1968, es conocido como "Brown Box" (Caja
Marrn) entre los coleccionistas de videojuegos. La Magnavox Odyssey fue el primer
sistema casero de videojuegos. El 27 de enero de 1972, Magnavox comenz la produccin
de la mquina, y el sistema fue lanzado en mayo. Se vendieron ese ao 100.000 unidades a

unos $100 por unidad. El lanzamiento de la Odyssey gener un caso severo de la locura de
Pong, ...
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnavox_Odyssey
Discovery Channel
Historia de los Videojuegos
http://vimeo.com/1732767?pg=embed&sec=1732767
Historia de los videojuegos
http://www-ni.laprensa.com.ni/archivo/2001/mayo/22/informatica/articulos/
Classic arcade games
http://oldcomputers.net/index.html
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Animation
Animacin
Pioneros de la animacin
DIGITOS (Adaptacin de un texto aparecido en Sala HAL (Universidad Pompeu Fabra,
mayo 1995)
http://docu.net/digitos/palabra-clave/emile-cohl
Efectos especiales
DIGITOS
http://docu.net/digitos/efectos-especiales
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