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D e n t a l Discoloration:

An
Overview zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
FAI EZ N .
HATTAB, BDS, P H D
MUAWIA A . Q U D E I M A T , BDS, M D E N T S C I ,
F R C D ( C ) +
HALA
S .
A L - R I M A W I , M B C H B , FRCPt
ABSTRACT
O f t en th e first evidence
of
v ar i at i on fr o m n o r m a l in h u m a n d en t i ti on is a n observable difference
in t h e c ol or
of
t h e teeth. D u ri ng t h e p as t decade, t h e d e m a n d f o r conservative esthetic
dentistry
h as g r o w n dramatically. Toot h di s c ol or a t io n is a fr eq ue n t d en ta l finding,
associated w i th clinical
a n d esthetic problems. It differs in etiology, a pp e ar an c e, co mp os i t io n, lo ca t i on ,
severity, and firmness in adherence
to
t he to o th surface. Basically, there a r e
two
types
of
t oo th discolorations: those
caused by extrinsic f ac t or s a n d t ho s e caused by intrinsic congenital
or
systemic influence. T h e
intensity
of
s ta in s may be worsened
if
t he r e a r e enamel defects. Toot h di s c ol or a t io n presents
two
ma j o r challenges
to
t h e de nt a l t e a m. T h e first challenge is
to
a s c er t a in t h e cause
of
t h e stain; t h e
second is its management.
CLINICAL S I G N I F I C A N C E
T hi s article reviews t h e etiology a n d clinical p re s e nt a t io n
of

d en t al s t a in s a n d outlines tr e at me nt
o pt io ns . zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
(1 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Esthet
Dent
11:2 91 - 31 0, 1 9 9 9 )
A smile has been said
to
be
A
a m o n g mans mos t i m p o r t a n t
interactive co m mu n ic a t io n skills.
The public longing for w hi t e t e e th
has driven d en t is ts
to
strive t o meet
their patients e xp e ct a t io ns
of
dental esthetics. Esthetically motivated
patients a r e mo r e likely
to
u nd ergo
routine preventive d en t al c a r e a n d
realize t h e value of keeping t he i r
own teeth healthy. Th er e a r e ma n y
new tr e at me nt modalities, a n d
many mo re a r e being developed. In
the United States, th e sale
of
h o me
bleaching (w h i te n in g) pr od uc ts
exceeds zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
$
1
million annually. Discolored teeth, pa rt i cu l a rl y in t h e
maxillary a n t e r i o r region, a r e a n
esthetic p ro bl e m f or ma n y d en t al
patients. D is c o lo ra t io n arises fr o m
a variety
of
causes, differing widely
in ap pe a ra n ce , severity, a n d modes
of
t re a t me n t. Detailed clinical
e x a m i n a t i o n a n d a review
of
the

patients o r a l hygiene practices,


d ie t ar y h ab i ts , a n d history
of
e xp os u re
to
chemicals, t r a u m a , a n d
infection a r e essential i n ma k i ng a
final diagnosis. T h e relevant literat u r e is a b u n d a n t b u t difficult
to
assimulate; therefore, a n updated
review o n etiology, clinical features,
a n d t r e a t m e n t modalities
of
tooth
d is co lo r at i on w ou ld be valuable.
TYPES O F D I S C O L O R A TI O N
D is c o lo ra t io n is classified a s ex tr i nsic, intrinsic,
or
a co mb i na t i on
of
both. Extrinsic stains, by definition,
a r e caused by extrinsic agents a n d
located o n t h e o u t e r surface
of
the
teeth. Intrinsic s t ai ns result fr o m
t h e in co rp or a t io n
of
pigmented
ma t e r i al s i n t o t h e d en t al tissues.
Individuals v ar y widely in t h e r at e
*Associate Professor, Departments o f Restorative and Pediatric D e n t i s t r y,
Faculty of D e n t i s t r y, J o r d a n
University o f Science and Tec h n o l o g y, Irbid, J o r d a n
+Assistant Professor, D e p a r t m e n t
of
Pediatric D e n t i s t r y, Faculty
of
D e n t i s t r y, J o r d a n University of Science
and Technolog y, Irbid, J o r d a n
*Assistant Professor, D e p a r t m e n t
of
Pediatrics, Faculty
of
Medicine, J o r d a n University of Science and
Tec h n o l o g y, Irbid, J o r d a n
V O L U M E

1
1
,
N U M B E R
6 ,
1 9 9 9
291

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