BENGKEL GERAK CEMERLANG

BIOLOGI SPM
TAHUN 2014
KERTAS 2
( 4551/2 )
ANJURAN JPN PERAK
25 JUNE 2014

BIOLOGI (4551)

KERTAS 1
KERTAS 2
KERTAS 3

BIOLOGI (4551)

KERTAS 1
KERTAS 2
KERTAS 3

BIOLOGY
4551/1

PAPER 1

50 Objective Questions

BIOLOGY
4551/2

SECTION A

5 Structure Questions

SECTION B

4 Essay Questions
- Answer any 2.

TAWAKKAL

DOA

USAHA

BIOLOGI
4551/2

SECTION A

EXPLAIN

EXPLAIN

F
E

SOLUTION P

Fresh raw egg is floating

Solution P is hypertonic compared to the

cell sap of fresh raw egg
So, water molecules diffuse out from

cell sap of fresh raw egg to solution P

through plasma membrane
by osmosis

Compare concentration

Movement of water
molecule

By . ( process )

Diagram 2 shows the plasma membrane of a red blood

cell which burst after being immersed in a solution J.

Explain how the red blood cell burst.

[ 3 marks ]

SOLUTION J

- -

- Water
- -

CELL SAP OF RED BLOOD CELL

 Cell sap of the red blood cell is hypertonic

compared to solution J
So, water molecules diffuse out from
cell sap of red blood cell to solution J
through plasma membrane
by osmosis
It burst because the plasma membrane is to thin
and delicate to withstand high hydrostatic
pressure.

Diagram below shows a plant watered with

excessive fertilizer.

Using your biology knowledge, explain what

happen to the plant.

Diagram 3.3 shows an alveolus and blood capillaries.

Describe the gaseous exchange occurs between

alveolus and blood capillary.
[ 3 marks ]

CHROMOSOME

A B X Y

Name process Y.

Give two examples of factors W.

[ 2 marks ]

CATEGORY

EXAMPLE

Radiation

X-ray

Carcinogenic substances

Benzo--pyrene

Chemical substances

Explain the formation of cells X.

[ 2 marks ]

Cell X is cancerous cell.

The exposure to factor W damage the DNA of the cell.
The cel divides through mitosis repeatedly.

What is the characteristic of structure X ?

Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

[ 1 mark ]

Hydrophilic head ionic part

Hydrophobic tail -

non-polar part

What is the characteristic of structure X ?

Consists of the polar head which is hydrophilic

and the non-polar tail which is hydrophobic

[ 1 mark ]

Name one example of substance P. Why does it move

into the cell through structure X ?
[ 1 mark ]

Example

Why does it move into the cell

through X

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water

Small in size/ Non-polar / neutral

molecule

Fatty acid
Glycerol
Vitamin A,D, E,K

lipid soluble substances

4(b)
F1 : substance Q is a charged and small molecule / mineral ions

E1 : It needs pore protein molecules to transport it into the cell

P1 - by facilitated diffusion

F2 : substance Q is bigger / non-polar molecule ( compared to

substance P).
E2 : It needs carrier protein to transport it into the
cell
P2
- by facilitated diffusion
Any pair of F and P :
F1 with P1 or F2 with P2

A respiratory poison is added into the water that contains

Paramecium sp.
Explain the effects of poison on the movement
of substance R into Paramecium sp.

F : The poison destroyed the mitochondria /

poison halt( inhibit ) cellular respiration system

P : (therefore) no ATP ( energy ) is produced.

E : the transportation of substance R into the cell
doesnt happened / stopped.

: Active transport

P1 : Iodine ion binds to the one side of active

side of a carrier protein.

P2 : ATP is bonded to another side of a carrier

protein.
P3 : ATP split and energy is released.
P4 : ATP is used to change the shape of carrier
protein and allowed iodine ion to pass
through the plasma membrane.

P5 : Against concentration gradient.

Any two P

SECTION B - ESSAY

Nucleus of the Amoebas mother

cell divide by mitosis
form two diploid nucleus
division of sitoplasm & plasma
membran
form two separate diploid daugther
cell of Amoeba

SAMPLE 1

SUGGESTED ANSWER :

P1 - When the level of glucose in blood increases, (beta cell

from) islet of Langerhans/ Langerhans cells inthe pancrease
are stimulated.
P2 - Insulin / Hormone X is produced and secreted into the
bloodstream.
P3 - Hormone X is carried in the blood by hepatic portal
vein to the liver.
P4 - In the liver, hormone X /insulin converts the excess
glucose in the blood to glycogen.
P5 The glycogen is stored in the liver.
P6 - This causes the level of glucose to decrease and
return back to normal.

SAMPLE 2

Explain the two types of transport of substances through plasma

membrane shown in Diagram 5.
[6 marks]
Type 1
facilitated diffusion occur
diffusion of small molecules / ions move
from higher concentration to the higher
concentration of solute
through pore protein
does no need energy

Type 2
Active transport occur
The molecules such as sodium ions /
potassium ions / glucose /amino acid
move against concentration gradient /
from lower concentration to the higher
concentration
through carrier protein
have active site with bind with particular
molecule
need energy / ATP

SAMPLE 3

Differentiate between the two types of transport of substances

through plasma membrane as shown in Diagram 5.
[4 marks]
Type 1
facilitated diffusion occur
diffusion of small molecules / ions move
from higher concentration to the higher
concentration of solute
through pore protein
does no need energy

Type 2
Active transport occur
The molecules such as sodium ions /
potassium ions / glucose /amino acid
move against concentration gradient /
from lower concentration to the higher
concentration
through carrier protein
have active site with bind with particular
molecule
need energy / ATP

Type 1

Aspect
Type of
transport

Type 2

SAMPLE 4

Isotonic to the sap cell : 0.27 mol dm-

Point P
The mass of potato increase
(This occur because) the solution
concentration is hypotonic
to the sap cell of the potato
The water molecule diffuse out
from hypotonic region to hypertonic
region
by osmosis
cell becomes turgid
(so the mass increased)

SAMPLE 4

Point Q
The potato does not lose or gain mass
This occur because the concentration
of the solution is isotonic
to the cell sap
Diffusion of water molecule is at
equilibrium / equal rate
no net gain or loss of water molecule
(so the mass is mantained)

SAMPLE 4

Point R
The mass of potato decrease
(This occur because) the solution
is hypertonic to the cell sap
of potato
The water molecule diffuse out
from cells to the solution at
surrounding
by osmosis
cell becomes flaccid
(so the mass decreased)

SAMPLE 5
Table 1 shows a breakfast menu for an adult.

BREAKFAST MENU
Bread
Fried eggs
Jam
Margarine
Fresh milk
Banana

2 slices
2
1 teaspoon
1 teaspoon
1 glass
2

TABLE 1
Does the breakfast menu in Table 1 provide a balanced diet for an adult ?
Give your reasons.
[10 marks]

F : the breakfast menu is a balanced diet for an adult

E1 : the menu consists all the seven classes of food in the correct quantity and
proportion // the menu consists of carbohydrates , lipids, protein, vitamins, mineral
salts, roughage and water in the correct quantity and proportion.
E2 : Bread / banana contains carbohydrate which will be digested into glucose
E3 : oxidized to release energy / cell respiration
E4 : fried eggs / fresh milk contains protein
E5: which will be digested into amino acid
E6 : amino acids are used in the synthesis of plasma protein / example of a plasma
protein
: fibrinogen / albumin / globulin // for growth / replace damage tissue / cells
E7 : Banana contains fibre to prevent constipation
E8 : Margarine / fried egg contains fat / lipid to be oxidize for energy
E9 : fats are used as components of plasma membrane
E10 : Bread / milk / jam contains vitamins / mineral salt is used as cofactor // to
regulate health.
E11 : milk contain water
E12 : to maintain body temperature / any function of water to human body.
Any 10 marks

SAMPLE 6
Diagram 4 shows a food pyramid.

DIAGRAM 4
(a) Explain why ice cream, butter, cake are placed at level 4 in the food
pyramid.
(b) xplain the importance of consuming food from level 2 in our daily diet.
[10 marks]

SAMPLE 6

SAMPLE 7

DESCRIBE

Mechanism of photosynthesis

Light
Reaction

Dark
Reaction

SAMPLE 9

Differences
Differences

Immunity acquired in
situation A

Immunity acquired in
situation B

SAMPLE 10

Characteristics

Similarities

Both have network of blood capilaries

which .

Effect

Explain the adaptation of leaf to carry out photosynthesis

efficiently.
( 10 marks )
Characteristic

Adaptation

Thin lamina

To receive maximum amount

of light intensity

Cuticle which is waxy

To prevent excessive water

loss

Lower surface contain

abundantly of stomata

SAMPLE 11
Graph in Diagram 6 shows the changes in the rate of photosynthesis throughout the day in a tropical country.

DIAGRAM 6
Based on the graph, explain the changes in the rate of photosynthesis in the plant throughout the day.
[ 10 marks ]

F1: From 0000 to 0600, the rate of photosynthesis is very low

P1: The light intensity / temperature is (very) low
P2: ( At low temperature,) photosynthetic enzymes are inactive.
F2: From 0600 to 1200 , the rate of photosynthesis increase (rapidly)
P3: Light intensity / Temperature also increases
P4: Enzyme for photosynthesis become more active.
P5: Stomata open wider to allow absorption of more carbon dioxide
F3: The rate of photosynthesis is maximum / the highest at 1200
P6: The light intensity maximum / temperature is optimum (for photosynthesis)./ stomata open
fully
P7: Enzymes are the most active.
F4: From 1200 to 1800, the rate of photosynthesis decreases
P8: Light intensity / temperature decreases
P9: Photosynthetic enzyme are less active
P10: Stomatal openings/pores become smaller
P11 : Less carbon dioxide is absorbed

F5: From 1800 to 2300 , the rate of photosynthesis become very low / stopped / ceased
P12 : Light intensity very low / temperature is very low/ no light
P13: Photosynthetic enzymes are not active
P14: Stomata closed
P15: Very little / no carbon dioxide is absorbed
Any 10

SAMPLE 12

Based on the diagram, describe how double

fertilisation occurs in the plant.
[ 10 marks ]

SAMPLE 12
Megaspores (haploid cell ) develop
into pollen grain
The nucleus of each megaspores
divides by mitosis
to form one tube nucleus and one
generative nucleus

At the same time,

Compare
Similarities

SIMILARITIES

DIFFERENCES
MITOSIS

Differences

MEIOSIS

DESCRIBE

SAMPLE 13
Diagram 7 below shows mangroves swamp.

DIAGRAM 7

The mangroves are fragile complex and dynamic ecosystem,

and are dependent on both biotic and

abiotic factors .

Explain how the mangrove trees adapt themselves to the harsh

living condition.
[ 10 marks ]

PROBLEM FACED BY MANGROVE

PLANTS
(FACTS)
Soft muddy soil / soft muddy substrate

Waterlogged conditions of soil / Very

little oxygen for root respiration

The high salinity ( content of salt )

makes the water in the soil hypertonic
compared to the cell sap of the root
cells / Water diffuse out from plant /the
cells by osmosis // dehydration

Excessive exposure to sunlight /

intense heat // High rate of
transpiration

High mortality rate because of seeds

carried away by water current / lack of
oxygen in muddy soil // low survival
rate of seedlings

ADAPTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF
MANGROVE PLANTS
( EXPLANATION )
Highly branched root system to support
themselves
Eg. Avicennia have long / underground
/ horizontals cable / roots
= pneumatophore
Eg. Rhizophora have prop roots anchor
themselves in the muddy soil
( Avicennia ) have breathing roots /
pneumatophores / Gaseous exchange
occurs through pores / lenticels.
Eg. Rhizophora have pores called
lenticels found on the tree bark
Cell sap of ( the root) cells are
hypertonic compared to the soil water //
active intake of sodium ion.
The root does not lose water but
seawater enters the root cells instead /
Excess salt in the plant is eliminated
by the salt glands ( hydathodes ) &
the process is known as gutation.
The leaves ( of mangrove trees ) have
a thick cuticle / sucken stomata
to reduce transpiration / The leaves are
thick / succulent to store water.
Have viviparous seedling // the seeds
Are able to germinate while still attached
to the mother plant
TOTAL

MARKS

2
10

SAMPLE 14
Diagram 8 shows a new industrial area situated near a residential
area.

Discuss the good and the bad effects caused by the industrial
activities on human and environment in years to come.
[ 10 marks ]

GOOD EFFECTS

HUMAN
ENVIROMENT
Provides job opportunity
Increase countrys revenue
Improve local infrastructure / transport
More schools / hospitals / public facilities
Attract migration og local workers /
foreign workers to the area / immigration
BAD EFFECTS
HUMAN
ENVIROMENT
Social problem / crime rate increase
Causes air pollution
( Air pollution ) causes respiratory
- fine particulate matter/ smoke/
diseases / health problem /emphysema /
dirt/ dust/ soot
bronchitis // any suitable
Contribute to formation of haze / smog
problems.
which can reduce light intensity and
block stomata
decrease the rate of photosynthesis of
plant
reduce the crop yields
toxic / poisonous gases ( nitrogen dioxide
/ sulphur dioxide ) causes acid rain.
destroys buildings / corrodes iron / steel /
aluminium
Any of the following :

Gas

Cause

Nitrogen dioxide
Acid rain
Sulphur dioxide

Carbon dioxide

CFC

Increase the
temperature

Effect
Destroys building
Corrodes iron/ steel/
aluminium
decrease the crop
yields

Greenhouse effect /
Global warming

Depletion of ozone more uv rays penetrate

layer
into the earth surface

Q6 & 7
Kefahaman
Analisis
Aplikasi

Q8 &9
Sintesis
Menilai
F4 : C6, C8,C9
F5 : C1, C4

END