Regular Adjective

Extreme Adjective

angry

furious

bad

awful, terrible, horrible

big

huge, gigantic, giant

clean

spotless

cold

freezing

crowded

packed

dirty

filthy

funny

hilarious

good

wonderful, fantastic, excellent

hot

boiling

hungry

starving

interesting

fascinating

old

ancient

pretty

gorgeous

scary

terrifying

small

tiny

surprising

astounding

tired

exhausted

ugly

hideous

emphasis to the extreme adjective:

absolutely
completely
utterly
enormous, huge = very big
tiny = very small
brilliant = very clever
awful; terrible; disgusting; dreadful = very bad

certain = very sure

excellent; perfect; ideal; wonderful; splendid = very good
delicious = very tasty
amazingly

exceptionally

incredibly

remarkably

particularly

unusually

absolutely

completely

totally

utterly

really

exceptionally

particularly

quite

_let down (= disappointed):

"I felt let down by my friend".
"My friend really let me down".
_ 'break up' (= to end a relationship):
I broke up with my girlfriend last week (= past)

Word Set 1
PhrasalVerb
hangout
catchupwith
cutdown/backon
give(something)up

Meaning
spendtimerelaxing(informal)
Meetsomeoneafteraperiodoftimeandfindoutwhattheyhave
beendoing
Reduce
Quit/stopdoingit

cutout

Stopeatingsomething(permanentlyorforalongtime)

findout

Discover

getalong/on

Likeeachother

fallout

Argueandbeonbadtermswithsomeone

cleanup

Tidy/Clean

comeacross

Findsomethingunexpectedly

What do you normally do at the weekends?

I usually just hang out with my friends. Well go to the cinema or something.
Unfortunately I dont get the chance to catch up with them often as we are all so
busy with work.

Do you have a healthy lifestyle?

I dont think I really do. Something I definitely need to do is cut down on the
amount I smoke, or even give it upcompletely. I would also like to cut out red
meat from my diet. Ive read that both of those are unhealthy. I found
out recently that my father has cancer, and he smoked a lot when he was
younger.
Do you like the place where you live?
Yes, I live with some college friends. There are several of us in the house so it is
crowded, but we get along well so we have not had any serious problems. I fell
out with one guy who lived there because he played his music too loud, but he
has moved out now.
Do you like to collect things?
Not anymore, but the other day I was cleaning up my room when I came
across an old album of football stickers. I used to collect them when I was
younger

Word Set 2
PhrasalVerb
hand(something)in
getawaywith(something)
keepupwith

Meaning
Submit
Dosomethingwithoutbeingnoticedorpunished
Continueatthesamerate

endup

Tobecomeeventually;turnouttobe

fallbehind

Tofailtokeepupapace;lagbehind.

dropout

Quitaclass,school,universityetc

lookbackon

Thinkaboutsomethingthathappenedinthepast

putforward

Suggestorstatethecaseforsomething

catchupwith

Reachthesamelevel

pulloutof

Tostopbeingapartofsomething

Were you a good student when you were at school?

Im afraid I wasnt if Im honest. Often I didnt hand in my homework, and I

always felt I could get away with it because my teacher wasnt strict. But
because of this I couldnt keep up with the course work and I ended upfalling
behind. Eventually I had to drop out of the school.
So no, I wasnt really a good student. When I look back on my childhood, I wish
Id done things differently really as it meant I had to work harder to achieve things
later on in life.

Do you think the growth in multinational corporations is a positive

development?
Im not sure it is such a good thing. Many people put forward arguments in
favour it, claiming it has helped developing countries by creating jobs for local
people as many of these companies have moved their manufacturing abroad.
They then claim that the economic development in these countries will catch up
withdeveloped countries.
However, there is no real evidence that this is the case as most the profit flows
back to the companies, not the people, and as soon as it becomes cheaper to
manufacture in a different country, the companies will pull out of the country they
are in and move to the more profitable one. So I dont think there is any real longterm benefit.

Education Vocabulary
To complete a first university degree successfully
Graduate
I graduated from the University of Salford in 2009.
My graduation ceremony was in 2009.

Curriculum

The group of subjects studied in a school, college,

etc.
Schools must ensure they have an
excellent curriculum.
An official record showing that you have finished a
training course or have the necessary skills, etc

Qualification
Good qualifications are really important if you
want to get a well-paid job.
I am qualified to teach English.

Coursework

Regular work done by students as part of a course,

but assessed independently of formal exams.
The coursework on my degree was really difficult.

Co-educational

When male and female students are taught

together in the same school or college rather than
separately

Co-educational schools prepare students for their

future better than single-sex schools.
To behave in a dishonest way in order to get what
you want
Cheat
He did really well in his exams but he cheated. He
copied from a friend.
Cheating on exams is not recommended.
The ability to read and write.
Literacy

Literacy rates have declined considerably in

Western countries over the last decade.
However, most children are literate.
Unable to read and write

Illiterate
Many children in the poorest countries
are illiterate.
Primary (elementary)
Education

First years of formal education from around age 5 to 11.

A good primary education is crucial for a child's
development.
Education during the time as a teenager.

Secondary Education
I loved it at my secondary school as I had so
many friends.

Higher (tertiary)
Education

Non-compulsory education after finishing school,

such as university, as well as vocational education
and training at colleges.
60% of children now go into higher
education after they finish school.

Concentrate

To direct your attention or your efforts towards a

particular activity, subject or problem

It is difficult to concentrate on my work if there is

a lot of noise.
I keep losing concentration due to the noise.
Crime Vocabulary
A law or set of laws suggested by a government and made
official by a parliament.
Legislation

Deter

Offender

Punish

There needs to be changes to crime-relatedlegislation.

To make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by
threatening bad results if they do it.
Tougher prison sentences may be a deterrent toother would-be
offenders.
Someone who is guilty of a crime.
Prison should not be used for first-time offenders.
To cause someone who has done something wrong or committed
a crime to suffer, by hurting them, forcing them to pay money,
sending them to prison, etc
Those responsible for serious crimes must bepunished.
When you stop something from happening or stop someone from
doing something.

Prevention

The government should focus on the prevention of crime rather

than introducing harsher prison sentences.
To do something illegal or something that is considered wrong.

Commit

People who commit serious crimes should be given lengthy (long)

prison sentences.
A person who commits a crime.

Criminal

Probation

Rehabilitate

Criminals who commit violent crimes should not be given

probation.
A period of time when a criminal must behave well and not
commit any more crimes in order to avoid being sent to prison.
Probation is a good way to reduce prison overcrowding, but it
must only be used for those who have committed minor crimes.
To return someone or something to a good or healthy condition,
state or way of living.

It is important to rehabilitate criminals while they are in prison

otherwise they may re-offend (commit a crime again) when they
are released from prison.
Having done something wrong or committed a crime.
Guilt

Jury

If jurors (the members of a jury) find a defendantguilty, then that

person must be punished.
A group of people chosen to decide in a court of law if someone is
guilty of a crime or not.
To ensure fairness in a criminal trial, there must be a jury.
To decide officially in a court of law that someone is guilty of a
crime.

Convict

He has been convicted of arson (starting a fire intentionally to

damage something) two times now.
Being made to pay money for breaking the law.

Fine

Motorists should be given a fine if they are caught speeding.

Imprisonment

Being put in prison.

Murderers are usually given life imprisonment.
Work that people do to help other people without payment,
and which young criminals whose crime was not serious
enough for them to be put in prison are sometimes ordered to
do.

Community
Service

Community service is a good alternative to prison for minor

offences.
Fairness in the way people are dealt with.
Justice

Victim

Those who commit assaults must be imprisoned because the

victims want justice.
Someone who has suffered because of the actions of someone
else.
The victims of crime often need help and support to recover
from their bad experience.

Fitness, Diet and Health Vocabulary

Fat
Overweight

Obesity

70% of the population is now overweight according to official

figures.
Extrememly fat or overweight.
Obesity is now a real problem for teenagers.

Teenagers who are obese are often bullied at school.

Eating
Disorder

Nutrients

Diet

A mental illness in which people eat far too little or far too much
food and are unhappy with their bodies.
Bulimia and anorexia are types of eating disorder. Both are
becoming more common.
Any substance which plants or animals need in order to live and
grow.
A healthy diet should consist of all the essentialnutrients.
This meal is very nutritious.
The food and drink usually eaten or drunk by a person or group.
OR
When someone eats less food, or only particular types of food,
because they want to become thinner or for medical reasons.
It is important to have a healthy diet. People must eat plenty of
fruit and vegetables.
I've been on a diet now for four weeks, and I've lost about one
kilo.
Eating more than your body needs.

Overeating

Ingredients

There is evidence that overeating is one of the main causes of

obesity..
A food that is used with other foods in the preparation of a
particular dish.
The ingredients of the dish include nuts, raisins, and parsley.
A condition that makes a person become ill or develop skin or
breathing problems because they have eaten certain foods or
been near certain substances.

Allergy

Additive

Allergies are becoming more common, and this could be

connected to diet.
If I eat nuts, I have an allergic reaction. I cannot breath properly.
A substance which is added to food in order to improve its taste or
appearance or to preserve it.
This food is full of additives so I'm not going to eat it.
To stop something from happening.

Prevent

Variety

Lots of exercise will prevent a heart attack.

The prevention of health problems should be encouraged by the
government. For example, they could ban the advertising of fast
food to children.
Often changing and being different.
When preparing meals, you need to think aboutvariety and taste

as well as nutritional value.

Appetite

Fibre

When you want to eat food.

All that exercise has given me an appetite.
A substance in foods such as fruit, vegetables and brown bread,
which travels through the body as waste and helps the contents of
the bowels to pass through the body easily.
A diet that is high in fibre is important in order to maintain a
healthy body.

Regular

Happening or doing something often.

Regular physical exercise is important for good health.
Any of a group of natural substances which are necessary in
small amounts for the growth and good health of the body.

Vitamins

Many people take vitamin supplements these days in order to

keep their body healthy.
A disease in which the body cannot control the level of sugar in
the blood.

Diabetes

Diabetes is becoming much more prevalent ( = common or

widespread) amongst children.
The condition of the body and the degree to which it is free from
illness, or the state of being well.

Health

Fruit has several health benefits.

Elderly people can have many health problems.
The health care in the country is deteriorating ( =getting worse).
There may be health risks from eating too much red meat.
Health education is very important if we are to prevent illness
and reduce medical costs.
Sweden has one of the best health systems in the world.
____________________________________________
The population of the country is in good health.
Lack of exercise can lead to poor health.
____________________________________________
He has a very healthy diet.
I have a healthy appetite.

Work Vocabulary
Employee

Someone who is paid to work for someone else.

The company has several hundred employees.

Employer

A person or organization that employs people.

Employers monitor their employees very carefully these days.
When someone is paid to work for a company or organization.

Employment

Due to the recession, there are thousands of people looking

for employment.
I was employed in the company for several years.
Not working.

Unemployment

Levels of unemployment in the economy have been rapidly

increasing.
He has been unemployed for 6 months now.
To make the same journey regularly between work and home

Commute

Occupation

It is taking longer for people to commute to work because of

traffic problems.
Commuting to work everyday by bus is tiring.
Formal way to say 'job'.
What is your occupation?
Working life or a particular job during one's working life that
gets better in terms of salary and position.

Career

Profession

He is retired now but he had an amazing career ( = succesful

working life).
He hopes to have a career in the army
Any type of work which needs special training or a particular
skill, often one which is respected because it involves a high
level of education.
The teaching profession is not as good as it used to be
because salaries have decreased.
Money paid each month to an employee for their work.

Public sector salaries are not keeping up with inflation.

Salary / Wages He receives a good wage because he works for a prestigious
company.
Public Sector

Businesses and industries that are owned or controlled by the

government.
You get a good pension if you work for the public sector, but
the salary is not always so good.
Businesses and industries that are privately owned.

Private Sector

Most graduates hope to work in the private sectorwhen they

finish university as there are more opportunities and the pay is
better than the public sector.
To stop working because of old age or ill health.

Retire

The retirement age in most countries is 65.

He had to retire early due to ill health.
Working a fixed number of hours but having flexibility with start
and finish times.

Flexitime

They have introduced flexitime at my work place so I usually

start at 10am now and finish at 6pm.
To leave a job.

Resign / Quit

Fire / Sack /

He resigned from his job yesterday.

Don't quit your job unless you have another one to start.
To remove someone from their job, especially because they
have done something wrong
He was fired / sacked / dismissed because he was late for
work every day.

Dismiss

A job position that is not filled and so is available.

Vacancy

I spoke to the company and they said they had

several vacancies.
Working more than your contracted hours.

Overtime

The employees often work overtime but they are not given
extra money so it is not fair.
The time worked in a job that is not normal hours.

Shift

She is a nurse so she has to work in shifts. One week she does
the morning shift, and then the next week she will do the night
shift.
Shift work can be very tiring.

Information Technology Vocabulary

Access

The right to use or look at something

Everybody should have access to the internet.
Modern and well developed

Advanced

Technological advances have brought many benefits to the

world.
Japan has very advanced technology (not 'high' technology!).

Automation

To make a process in a factory or office operate by machines or

computers, in order to reduce the amount of work done by
humans and the time taken to do the work
The automation of production processes has led to increased
unemployment.
Many production processes these days areautomated.
When something joins or is joined to something else, or the part
or process that makes this possible

Connection

Most people are connected to the internet these days.

Having a connection to the internet is important.
I often have problems connecting to the internet.
The act of communicating with people

Communication Email has made communication, especially abroad, much

simpler and faster.
Communicating with people by email is very easy.
An object or machine which has been invented for a particular
purpose
Device

It is important to have some kind of

communication device such as a mobile telephone or the
internet.
A new idea or method

Innovation

Smart phones are the latest innovation in computer

technology.
Steve Jobs was a great innovator.
Something which has never been made before, or the process
of creating something which has never been made before

Invention

The world changed rapidly after the invention ofthe telephone.

Many useful devices have been invented over the last few
decades.
A piece of equipment with several moving parts which uses
power to do a particular type of work

Machine

Factories now make use of machines to do a lot of the work

humans used to do.
Machinary does most of the work in factories.
Modern, recent, or containing the latest information

Up-to-date
User-friendly

Teenagers think it is important to have the mostup-todate technology.

If something, especially something related to a computer, is
user-friendly, it is simple for people to use
Modern mobile phones such as the i-phone are very user-

friendly.
Environment Vocabulary

The
Environment

Climate

Climate
Change

Carbon
Dioxide

The air, water and land in or on which people, animals and plants live.
More must be done to protect the environmentfrom pollution.
Environmental problems are becoming very severe in many
countries.
The weather conditions generally present in an area or over a
long period.
The mediteranean region tends to have a mildclimate over the
winter.
The change in global climate patterns which appeared from the
mid to late 20th century onwards, caused mainly by the
increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
The climate around the world has been changingrapidly over
the last decade.
Climate Change is one of the most serious problems that the
world is facing today.
The gas formed when carbon is burned, or when people or
animals breathe out.

(CO2)

The burning of fossil fuels releases large amounts of carbon

dioxide into the atmosphere, which leads to global warming.
Trees absorb carbon dioxide.

Fossil

A natural fuel such as coal, gas, or oil formed in the geological

past from the remains of living organisms.

Fuels

Some people do not believe that human's reliance on fossil

fuels is to blame for global warming.

Global

A gradual rise in the world's temperatures caused by polluting

gases such as carbon dioxide which are collecting in the air
around the Earth and preventing heat escaping into space.

Warming

Deforestation
Habitat

Deforestation is contributing to global warmingbecause trees

absorb carbon dioxide.
Cutting down and clearing areas of forest.
Deforestation is destroying animal habitats.
The natural environment in which an animal or plant usually
lives.

With so many areas of woodland being cut down, a lot of wildlife

is losing its natural habitat.

All the living things in an area and the way they affect each
other and the environment.
Ecosystem

Biodiversity

The world has a delicately balanced ecosystem, and pollution

can damange this.
The marine (= related to the sea) ecosystem was baldy
damaged by the oil spill..
The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular
habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be
important and desirable.
The rich and diverse biodiversity of our planet must be
protected.
To make something less pure by exposing it to poisonous or
polluting substances.

Contamination

The water has been contaminated by the release of toxic

chemicals into the river.
The water supply is being tested forcontamination.
Poisonous / A poisonous substance

Toxic /
Toxin

Waste

The dumping (= disposing of something in a careless way)

of toxic waste has contaminated the area.
Leaded fuel from cars releases toxins into the air which can
affect the brain.
A material or substance which is eliminated or discarded as no
longer useful or required after the completion of a process.
The Green Party opposes any kind of nuclearwaste being dumped
at sea.
The production and discharge of something.

Emission

Erosion

Drought

Emissions from car exhausts cause pollution around cities.

Carbon dioxide emissions must be reduced.
To graually reduce or destroy.
Over-farming causes soil erosion.
A prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a
shortage of water.
The severe drought this year has led to the loss of many
lives.

Damage caused to water, air, land etc. by harmful substances

or waste.
Pollution

Environmental pollution must be a top priority of

governments.
The air around the factory is very polluted.
Causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore
able to continue for a long time.

Sustainable

Countries need to promote sustainabledevelopment in order to

protect the environment from further damage.

Science Vocabulary
A drug which has no physical effects, used in pharmaceutical
tests to compare the physical effects of taking a real drug from
its psychological effects.
Placebo

She was given a placebo, not the real drug, but she said she
felt much better.

Placebo

The placebo effect is when someone's condition improves

because they think they are taking medicine.

Effect

She was given a placebo, not the real drug, but she said she
felt much better- that's the placebo effect.
An extra, usually bad, occurrence caused by taking a drug.

A side
effect

Drugs should not be tested on animals because there are many

possible side effects.
Much of today's modern medicine has side effects. I prefer
alternative therapies.
To show a particular result after a period of time.

Proof

Experiment

The amount of evidence that scientists now haveproves that

climate change is being caused by humans.
We now have proof that climate change is caused by human
activity.
A test done in order to learn something or to find out whether
something works or is true
Experimenting on animals is necessary in order to discover if
new drugs are dangerous or not.
Scientists are conducting experiments to test the
effectiveness of the new drug.
A part of the DNA in a cell which contains information in a
special pattern received by each animal or plant from its

parents, and which controls its physical development,

behaviour, etc
Gene

Genes are an important factor in personaility development.

The doctors think his illness was genetic. It came from his
mother because she had the same illness when she was young.
Changing the structure of the genes of a living thing in order to
make it healthier or stronger or more useful to humans.

Genetic
Engineering /
Modification

Genetically
Modified
Organisms
(GMOs)
Clone

There is evidence that genetically modifiedfood is harmful

to humans.
Some plants have been genetically engineeredto be
resistant to herbicides.
Plants, animals or micro organisms that have changed through
genetic engineering.
Most commercialised GMO crop plants are insect resistant
and/or herbicide tolerant.
A plant or animal which has the same genes as the original
from which it was produced
The first animal to be cloned was Dolly the sheep.
I believe that cloning humans is unethical.
The deliberate large-scale intervention in the Earths climate
system, in order to try and control global warming

Geoengineering Some scientists believe geoengineering is the only way to

reduce the warming of the climate.
Controlling the weather by geoengineering is a possible
solution to climate change, but it is controversial.
A prefix for things related to computers, especially the internet.
Cyber

High-Tech /
Hi-Tech
Theory

Cyberbulling via social media such as Facebook has become a

major problem.
A cybercafe is a place where you can buy drinks and use
computers at the same time.
Using the most advanced and developed machines and methods.
Japan is a very high-tech country. Everyone has all the latest
electronic gadgets.
A formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based
or of ideas which are suggested to explain a fact or event or, more
generally, an opinion or explanation
There are two opposing theories on the causes of climate change -

one says it is caused by humans, the other believe it is a natural

cycle.

The Arts Vocabulary

Art forms created by humans, divided into visual, literary, and
performing.
The Arts

The govenment should not waste money on the arts. This

should be spent on public services instead.
The systems of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes,
meanings, hierarchies, religion that are shared by a relatively
large group of people.

Culture

Creative

The culture of a country is reflected in its art.

Cultural differences can cause problems if you do business in
another country.
Relating to or involving the imagination or original ideas,
especially in the production of an artistic work.
He is an incredibly creative person - he's written many books
and plays and he can paint as well.

Classical

Music that is considered to be part of a long especially formal

tradition and to be of lasting value.
I prefer classical music such as Mozart and Bach to modern day
pop music.
A play or film in which part of the story is sung to music (noun).
OR
A skill in or great liking for music (adjective)

Musical

Opera

"The Phantom of the Opera" is one of the bestmusicals that I

have ever seen.
Everyone in the family can play an instrument - they are
very musical.
An art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic
work combining text and music, usually in a theatre.
Opera is not very popular amongst young people these days.

Theatre

A building, room, or outside structure with rows of seats, each row

usually higher than the one in front, from which people can watch
a performance or other activity.

My hometown does not have any theatres. There are many in

the capital though.
A show or action involving the entertaining of other people by
dancing, singing, acting, or playing music.
Performance His performance as MacBeth was amazing.
There will be a performace of a famous play at the Lyceum
Theatre tonight.
An organized set of special events, such as musical, art or film
performances.
Festival

The Cannes Film festival has some great movies this year.
The local council organizes a music festival in my town every
year.
An event at which objects such as paintings are shown to the
public.

Exhibition

Sculpture

Abstract

There will be an exhibition at the weekend to show all of his

latest paintings.
His paintings were exhibited at the local art gallary over the
weekend.
The art of making two- or three-dimensional representative or
abstract forms, especially by carving stone or wood.
The museum has many life-sized sculptures of past Kings and
Queens of England.
A type of painting, drawing, or sculpture that uses shapes, lines,
and colour in a way that does not try to represent the appearance
of people or things.
Jackson Pollock is one of the most famous abtractartists. He
famous for dripping and splattering paint onto his canvas

Display

A collection of objects or pictures arranged for people to look at, or

a performance or show for people to watch (= being shown).
Jackson Pollock's most famous paintings are ondisplay at the Tate
Modern Art Gallery in London for 10 days.
To be filled with the urge or ability to do or feel something,
especially to do something creative.

Inspired

Artefact

Shakespears plays have inspired many young people to take up

writing and acting.
His method of acting really inspires me.
An object that is made by a person, such as a tool or a
decoration, especially one that is of historical interest.
The museam in town has many artefacts that were found in the
local area. Most are tools from the Stone Age.

Choreograph

Compose the sequence of steps and moves for a ballet or other

performance of dance.
Their dance routines had been carefullychoreographed so
there would be no mistakes.

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analyse
approach
area
assess
assume
authority
available
benefit
concept

constitutiona
l
context
contract
create
data
definition
derived
distribution

indicate
individual
interpretatio
n
involved
issues
labour
legal
legislation

establishe
d
estimate
evidence
export
factors
financial
formula
function

occur
percent
period
policy
principle
procedur
e
process
required

role
section
sector
significant
similar
source
specific
structure
theory

consist

economic
identified
environment income

major
method

research
variable
response

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achieve
acquisition
administratio
n
affect
appropriate
aspects
assistance
categories
chapter
commission

community
complex
computer
conclusion
conduct
consequence
s
construction
consumer
credit
cultural

design
distinctio
n
elements
equation
evaluatio
n
features
final
focus
impact
injury

institute
invest
items
journal
maintain
normal
obtain
participat
e
perceive
positive

potential
previous
primary
purchase
range
region
regulation
s
relevant
resident
resource

restrict
secure
seekt
select
site
strategy
survey
text
tradition
transfer

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words 21- words
30
31-40

Practice
Practice
words 41- words 5150
60

alternative
circumstanc
e
comment
compensate
component
consent
considerable
constant
contain
contribute

convene
coordinate
core
corporate
correspond
criteria
deduce
demonstrat
e
document
dominate

emphasis
ensure
exclude
framewor
k
fund
illustrate
immigrate
imply
initial
instance

philosoph
y
sex
physical
shift
proportion specify
sufficient
publish
task
react
technical
register
technique
rely
technology
remove
valid
scheme
volume
sequence

interact
justify
layer
link
locate
maximis
e
minor
negate
outcome
partner

Sublist 4
Practice
words 1-10

Practice words Practice

Practice
11-20
words 21-30 words 31-40

Practice
words 41-50

Practice
words 51-60

access
adequate
annual
apparent
approximate
attitude
attribute
civil
code
commit

communicate
concentrate
confer
contrast
cycle
debate
despite
dimension
domestic
emerge

parallel
parameter
phase
predict
principal
prior
professional
project
promote
regime

resolve
retain
series
statistic
status
stress
subsequent
sum
summary
undertake

error
ethnic
goal
grant
hence
hypothesis
implement
implicate
impose
integrate

internal
investigate
job
label
mechanism
obvious
occupy
option
output
overall

Sublist 5
Practice
words 1-10

Practice
words 11-20

Practice words Practice

Practice
21-30
words 31-40 words 41-50

Practice
words 51-60

academy
adjust
alter
amend
aware
capacity
challenge
clause
compound
conflict

consult
contact
decline
discrete
draft
enable
energy
enforce
entity
equivalent

evolve
expand
expose
external
facilitate
fundamental
generate
generation
image
liberal

style
substitute
sustain
symbol
target
transit
trend
version
welfare
whereas

license
logic
margin
medical
mental
modify
monitor
network
notion
objective

orient
perspective
precise
prime
psychology
pursue
ratio
reject
revenue
stable

Sublist 6
Practice
words 1-10

Practice
words 1120

Practice
words 2130

Practice
Practice
words 31- words 4140
50

Practice
words
51-60

abstract
accurate

capable
cite

exceed
expert

incidence migrate
incorporat minimum

recover
reveal

acknowledg
e
aggregate
allocate
assign
attach
author
bond
brief

cooperate
discriminat
e
display
diverse
domain
edit
enhance
estate

explicit
federal
fee
flexible
furthermor
e
gender
ignorant
incentive

e
index
inhibit
initiate
input
instruct
intelligenc
e
interval
lecture

ministry
motive
neutral
nevertheles
s
overseas
precede
presume
rational

scope
subsidy
tape
trace
transfor
m
transport
underlie
utilize

Sublist 7
Practice
words 1-10

Practice
words 1120

Practice Practice Practice

words 21- words
words 4130
31-40
50

Practice
words
51-60

adapt
adult
advocate
aid
channel
chemical
classic
comprehensiv
e
comprise
confirm

contrary
convert
couple
decade
definite
deny
differentiat
e
dispose
dynamic
eliminate

empirical
equip
extract
file
finite
foundatio
n
globe
grade
guarante
e
hierarchy

submit
successo
r
survive
thesis
topic
transmit
ultimate
unique
visible
voluntary

identical
ideology
infer
innovate
insert
interven
e
isolate
media
mode
paradig
m

phenomeno
n
priority
prohibit
publish
quote
release
reverse
simulate
sole
somewhat

Sublist 8
Practice
words 110

Practice Practice
Practice
words
words 31words 11-20
21-30
40

Practice
words 4150

Practice
words 5160

abandon
clarify
deviate induce
plus
tense
accompan commodity displace inevitable
practitioner terminate
y
complement drama
infrastructur predomina theme

accumulat
e
ambiguou
s
append
appreciate
arbitrary
automate
bias
chart

eventua
conform
l
contemporar exhibit
y
exploit
contradict
fluctuat
crucial
e
currency
guidelin
denote
e
detect
highlight
implicit

e
inspect
intense
manipulate
minimize
nuclear
offset
paragraph

nt
prospect
radical
random
reinforce
restore
revise
schedule

thereby
uniform
vehicle
via
virtual
visual
widesprea
d

Sublist 9
Practice words
1-10

Practice
words 11-20

Practice
words 21-30

Practice
Practice
Practice
words 31words 41-50 words 51-60
40

accommodate
analogy
anticipate
assure
attain
behalf
bulk
cease
coherent
coincide

commence
compatible
concurrent
confine
controversy
converse
device
devote
diminish
distort

duration
erode
ethic
format
founded
inherent
insight
integral
intermediate
manual

mature
mediate
medium
military
minimal
mutual
norm
overlap
passive
portion

preliminary
protocol
qualitative
refine
relax
restrain
revolution
rigid
route
scenario

sphere
subordinate
supplement
suspend
team
temporary
trigger
unify
violate
vision

Sublist 10
Practice words 1-10

Practice words 11-20

Practice words 21-30

adjacent
albeit
assemble
collapse
colleague
compile
conceive

enormous
forthcoming
incline
integrity
intrinsic
invoke
levy

odd
ongoing
panel
persist
pose
reluctance
so-called

convince
depress
encounter

likewise
nonetheless
notwithstanding

straightforward
undergo
whereby

Hometown
Id just like to ask you some questions about your hometown or city.
1. What type of place is it?
2. What was it like growing up there?
3. Has it changed much since you were a child?
Studies

Id just like to ask you some questions about your studies.

1. What are you studying?
2. Why did you choose that particular course?
3. What job would you like when you have completed all your studies?
Work
Id just like to ask you some questions about your work.
1.
2.
3.
4.

What work do you do?

What do you enjoy most about your work?
What are your main duties?
Is there any other work you would like to do in the future?

Free Time
Id like to move on and ask you some questions about your free time
1.
2.
3.
4.

What type of activities do you like to do in your free time?

How long have you been interested in these activities?
Do you like to do theses activities alone or with other people? (Why)?
Do you think people have enough free time? (Why/why not)?

Family
Id like to move on and ask you some questions about your family.
1.
2.
3.
4.

How many people are there in your family?

Do you all live in the same house? (Why/why not)?
What things do you like doing together?
Who is your favourite family member?

Timing
Lets move on and talk about being on time for appointments.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Is being late acceptable in your culture? (Why/why not)?

Are you ever late for appointments? (Why/why not)?
What type of excuses do you think are alright for lateness?
How do you feel when someone is late for an appointment with you?

Neighbours
Lets change the topic and talk about your neighbours
1. Do you know the people who live next door to you?

2.
3.
4.
5.

How often do you see each other?

What kind of relationship do you have?
How can neighbours be helpful?
What kind of problems can people have with their neighbours in a big city?

Food
Moving to a new topic, Id like to discuss cooking and meals with you.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Do you enjoy cooking? (Why/why not)?

What type of things can you cook? (Why)?
What kinds of food are popular in your country?
Is it an important part of your culture to have dinner parties? (Why)?
Do you prefer to eat with other people or on your own? (Why)?

Dreams
Id now like to discuss your night time dreams with you.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Do you dream much at night?

Do you often remember your dreams?
Do you think we can learn anything from dreams? (Why)?
Do people in your country talk about their dreams? (Why)?
Do you think that dreams can come true?

Magazines and Newspapers

Okay, lets move to a different topic and discuss magazines and newspapers.
1. Which do you prefer reading, newspapers or magazines? (Why)?
2. What type of stories do you like to read about? (Why)?
3. Do you think reading a magazine or a newspaper can help you learn a
language? (Why)?
4. Why do you think some people prefer magazines to newspapers?
Humour
Lets change the topic and talk about comedy and humour.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What type of programmes do you find funny on TV?

Which types of programmes are most popular in your country? (Why)?
What kind of things make you laugh? (Why)?
Do you like to make people laugh? (How)?
Do you think it is important to have a sense of humour? (Why)?

Describe a child that you know.

You should say:
Who the child is
How you know the child
When you see the child
Explain why you like/dislike this child.

Describe someone who has had an important influence on your

life.
You should say:
Who the person is
How long you have known him/her
What qualities this person has
Explain why they have had such an influence on you.

Describe an old person that you know.

You should say:
What your relationship is to this person
How often you see them
What people think about this person
Explain why you like them.

Describe a lake, a river or a sea you have visited.

You should say:
Where the lake is
How often you have visited it
What activities you do there
Explain why you like this particular place.

Describe a present you have given someone.

You should say:
Who you gave it to
What kind of present it was
How it compared to other presents you have given
Explain why you decided to give this particular gift.

Describe a sporting event you attended.

You should say:
What kind of sport is was
How it compared to other events youve been to
How often it takes place
Explain why you consider this event to be of interest.

Describe a TV show that you enjoy.

You should say:
What type of show it is
How often it is on
How popular it is with other people in your country
Explain why you like it.

Describe a happy childhood event.

You should say:
When it happened
Who was involved
How you felt at the time
Explain why you remember this particular occasion.
Eating habits
1.
2.

Tell me about the types of food that people eat in your country.
How are the eating habits now in your country different from eating habits in
the past?
3.
How healthy is your countrys food?
4.
Why do you think different cultures have different table manners?
5.
How may eating habits change in coming decades?
Education
1.
2.
3.
4.

How are education priorities today different from those in the past?
What is your opinion on the way languages are taught in schools?
How can the type of school you go to affect career success?
What changes do you think will happen in the classroom in the near future?

Environment

1.
2.
3.
4.

Is water pollution a problem in your country?

What are some of the causes of water pollution?
What can individuals do to try and ensure water is kept clean?
Do you think problems with the cleanliness of water will improve in the
future?

Influence of television
1.
2.

How popular is watching television in your country?

Tell me about the types of programme that are generally on television in
your country.
3.
Why do people like watching television?
4.
Do you think state or private television is better?
5.
What effects can watching television have on children?
Influences on the young
1.
2.
3.

What type of people influence the young in your country?

Why it is important to have role models?
Do you think the education system in your country influences young
peoples behavior?
4.
What type of person (parents, teachers, friends etc) are best to influence
young peoples behavior?
5.
What do you think young people will be most influenced by it the future?
Leisure activities
1.
2.
3.
4.

What types of leisure activities are popular in your country?

Why it is important for people to have time for leisure activities?
Why are some activities more popular than others?
Are the types of leisure activities that are popular today the same as those
that were popular when your parents were young?
5.
What types of leisure activities may become more popular in the future?
Shopping
1.
2.
3.
4.

Is shopping a popular activity in your country

How have shopping habits changed over recent years?
To what extent do you think advertising affects the way people shop?
Do you think shopping habits are likely to change in the future?

Sports
1.
2.

What types of sports are popular in your country?

What are the benefits of playing a sport?

3.
4.

Do you think the types of sport that are popular will change in the future?
how can sports bring people from different countries closer together?

Transport
1.
2.

How do most people travel long distances in your country?

Have the types of transport people use changed much over the last few
decades?
3.
What kinds of improvement have there been in transport in your country in
recent years?
4.
Do you think transport is likely to continue to improve in the future?

HOLIDAY
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: What kind of holiday do you like?
Miguel: I try to avoid tourist traps I like to get away from it
all and prefer going somewhere off the beaten track last year I
had the holiday of a lifetime a two week wildlife safari in Kenya.
Examiner: What do you like to do when youre on holiday?
Anna: I enjoy visiting the local places of interest I like to go

sightseeing and always sign up forguided tours as its a chance to be

shown around and take photographs one of my hobbies.
Examiner: Do you have many tourists in your country?
Amy: Yes we have a lot of holiday resorts along the coast that are
popular with tourists most people come on package holidays and
stay in one of the many hotels and self-cateringapartments.
Part 2-style task
Describe a beautiful place you once visited. You should say:
when you went to this place
where it was
who you went with
and say why you liked it so much.
Sally: A few years ago I went on a long weekend to the Lake District in
the UK its a very popular holiday destination in the north of
England I went on my own and had a wonderful time I stayed in
a youth hostel and met some really nice people but the most
memorable thing about the holiday were the breathtaking views
and lovely picturesque villages it can get very busy with hordes of
tourists so I decided to go out of season in the autumn the
weather was fantastic and the shops were full of local crafts a really
great holiday its certainly not the kind of short break for someone
looking for a busy nightlife but if you want to relax in the middle
of stunning landscape I would certainly recommend a holiday to the
Lake District.
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: What do you think has led to the growth in the tourist
industry?
Miguel: Its much easier and affordable to travel now nowadays you
can get cheap charter-flights or all-in packages to somewhere
near or to a far-off destination.
Examiner: How do people tend to choose a destination?
Anna: The Internet is a great source of information and high
street travel agents are still very popular thats where I like to go to
get holiday brochures for the place Im interested in.
Examiner: People sometimes say flying is the most glamorous form of
travel. Do you agree?
Amy: Im not so sure really flying can be quite boring queuing up at
the check-in desk going through passport control sitting for

ages in the departure lounge then the flight itself can be quite
uncomfortable no Im not sure I agree.
Definitions
all-in package/package holiday: a holiday where you purchase
the travel and accommodation together
breathtaking view: an extremely beautiful view
charter-flight: a cheaper form of flying than a scheduled flight
check-in desk: the place at the airport where you register for
your flight and deposit your luggage
departure lounge: where you wait for your flight to be called
far-off destination: somewhere a long way away
to get away from it all: to take a holiday to escape a busy or
stressful lifestyle
guided tour: an organised group shown around a place of interest
by an expert
holiday brochure: a glossy publication with details of holiday
packages
holiday destination: where you go for a holiday
holiday of a lifetime: a special holiday that you are unlikely to
repeat
holiday resort: a place where lots of people go for a holiday
hordes of tourists: crowds of tourists
local crafts: objects produced locally
long weekend: an extended weekend holiday including Friday or
Monday
out of season: outside of the main holiday period
picturesque village: very pretty village
passport control: the place where your passport is checked
places of interest: sites of interest to tourists
wildlife safari: a holiday, often in Africa, to observe wild animals
self-catering: a holiday where you supply your own food
short break: a short holiday
to go sightseeing: to look around the tourist sites
stunning landscape: extremely beautiful countryside
travel agent: a shop that specialises in booking holidays
tourist trap: somewhere where too many tourists go
youth hostel: a cheap form of accommodation
RELATIONSHIP
Part 1-style questions

Examiner: Do you see your friends very often?

Louisa: Yes we meet up most weekends we all get on really
well and have a lot in commonso were always happy doing the same
things and going to the same places.
Examiner: What do you like about your close friends?
Anna: I think we enjoy each others company we see eye-to-eye
on most things so we rarelyfall out with each other.
Examiner: Have you known each other long?
Amy: Most of them yes although my closest friend Carrie we struck
up a relationship at college and got on like a house on fire but
yes my other friendships go back years to when we were at school.
Part 2-style task
Describe a person you are very close to. You should say:
who this person is
when you met them
where you met them
and say what it is about them you like so much.
Reiko: Id like to talk about my boyfriend Jose we got to
know each other at University almost 4 years ago we were in the
same department initially we were just good friends and used to go
out in a group with our other friends when Jose went back to Spain for
the holidays we would keep in touch with each other then one year
he invited me to come to Spain with him and thats when we fell
for each other I think so you couldnt really say it was love at first
sight as it had been over a year since wed met but we really hit it
off and by the time we got back to university in September we were able
to tell all our friends that we were in a relationship what do I like
about Jose well hes very kind very funny and very supportive
and were really well matched in our interests he hasnt popped
the question yet though weve talked about getting married and I
think were both ready to settle down and have children well just
have to wait and see
Part 3-style questions
Examiner: Do you think marriage is still as important as ever?
Cristine: Yes it certainly is in my country I think the problem for
some people is a lack of commitment all relationships have their ups
and downs . but some people prefer to break up rather
than working at the relationship.

Examiner: What do you think is the ideal time to get married?

Terry: Personally I think you should wait until youve found yourself
first decided if you want a career perhaps do some travelling you
should do this before tying the knot although if you fall head over
heels in love plans like these can easily be forgotten.
Examiner: Is it important to keep in contact with our friends when were
in a relationship?
Maria: Absolutely its so easy to drift apart from your friends when
you fall in love but I think both partners should try not to lose
touch with their friends thats the best way to have a healthy
relationship with your partner.
Definitions
to break up: to end a romantic relationship
to drift apart: to become less close to someone
to enjoy someones company: to like spending time with
someone
to fall for: to fall in love
to fall head over heels in love: to start to love someone a lot
to fall out with: to have a disagreement and stop being friends
to get on like a house on fire: to like someones company very
much indeed
to get on well with: to understand someone and enjoy similar
interests
to get to know: to begin to know someone
to go back years: to have known someone for a long time
to have a lot in common: to share similar interests
to have ups and downs: to have good and bad times
a healthy relationship: a good, positive relationship
to hit it off: to quickly become good friends with
to be in a relationship: to be romantically involved with
someone
to be just good friends: to not be romantically involved
to keep in touch with: to keep in contact with
to lose touch with: to not see or hear from someone any longer
love at first sight: to fall in love immediately you meet someone
to pop the question: to ask someone to marry you
to see eye to eye: to agree on a subject
to settle down: to give up the single life and start a family
to strike up a relationship: to begin a friendship
to tie the knot: to get married
to be well matched: to be similar to

to work at a relationship: to try to maintain a positive

relationship with someone

TECHNOLOGY
Part 1-style questions
Examiner: Do you enjoy using technology?
Stephan: Well I wouldnt call myself a techie or a computer buff but
I enjoy using computers Id like to find out more about how they work
when my computer crashes I never know what to do.
Examiner: Do you use the Internet for your studies?
Sophie: Yes Id be lost without it I do lots of video conferencing to
practise speaking andsocial media like Facebook is a good way to meet
up with other students and I download podcasts that teach English
vocabulary and grammar.
Examiner: Do you have your own computer?
Tania: Yes I have a Macbook Pro I use it all the time for word
processing browsing websites and catching up with TV
programmes Ive missed.
Part 2-style task
Describe an item of technology you have that is very important. You
should say:
what the technology is
when you got it
how often you use it
and say how different your daily life would be without it.
Mattie: I dont have many gadgets just a computer a laptop and
my mobile phone but Ill talk about my computer as its so useful
its funny really 2 years ago I was still learning to use computers
how to use email send attachments how to access websites
then I decided to do a digital editing course for video and photography
and so I bought the laptop when I started the course my husband
had a desktop PC but it was very slow so I decided to upgradeto a
powerful one because we do a lot of video editing on the course its
a high-spec laptop very fast the latest operating system
it boots up really quickly and its fun to use so it makes working a
pleasure Ive become a competent computer user now if I didnt
have it I daresay Id have to spend more time at college using their
computers but on the positive side I suppose Id read a lot more if I
didnt have it I probably waste a lot of time surfing the web but
hopefully I wont have to be without it

Part 3-style questions

Examiner: What do you think are the important things people need to
learn when they start using computers?
Alejandro: Well there are things like how to use the Internet how to
enter a web address how to navigate websites that kind of
thing but its also important to know how to back upyour files in case
your computer crashes and all about Internet security.
Examiner: What kind of technological developments have made the
biggest impact on our lives?
Faydene: In my lifetime it has to be the Internet of course but I also think
wifi has made a huge difference to how we interact with the Internet
wireless networks at home and public wifi hotspots mean we
can go online easily access our mail log into our work intranet
and basically be connected wherever we are.
Examiner: Do computers make it much easier to study?
Jane: Definitely yes researching information is much easier with the
Internet .. you canbookmark webpages for future reference and
writing essays is much easier being able to cut and paste sections
of text means you can experiment with organisation so yes
compared to years ago when you had a pile of books on your desk and a
pen and paper its now much easier.
Definitions
to access websites/email: to locate
to back up files: to make a copy of files in case of a computer
problem
to boot up: to start a computer
to bookmark a webpage: to mark a webpage for future
reference
to browse websites: to look at websites
a computer buff: an expert computer user
to crash: to suddenly stop working
to cut and paste: to move text or images from one place in a
document to another place
a desktop PC: a computer that isnt portable and remains in situ
on a desk
digital editing: to edit digital materials like audio or video files
download (podcasts): to save a copy of a file from the internet
to your own device
to enter a web address: to type the address of a website into
the address bar of your browser
a gadget: a technological tool like a mobile phone or camera

to go online: to start using the Internet

high-spec (laptop): powerful computer with top quality
components
Internet security: Internet safety
intranet: a network of connected computers within an
organisation that is not accessible by unauthorised visitors
to navigate a website: to find your way around a website
operating system: the software that tells the computer how to
work
send an attachment: send an email with an accompanying file
social media: media used to interact with other people such as
Facebook or Twitter
to surf the web: to look at a series of websites one after the
other
a techie: somebody who has an interest in technology
to upgrade: to obtain a more powerful or feature-rich computer
or piece of software
video conferencing: to see and hear people from different
locations using the Internet
wireless hotspot: a public place where you can access the
Internet
wireless network: a network where users can access the Internet
without the use of fixed cables
word processing; producing written texts on a computer