Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Scientific Writing
Scientific writing should be:
-Objective
-Organized
-Professional
Different types exist: empirical, lit review, meta-analysis,
papers! http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
Title page
Title: a simple and concise description of the main idea of
including spaces.
Page number: on the right upper corner.
Abstract
Maximum ~ 200 words. Centered Abstract, following
Introduction
From general to specific:
1- Introduce the problem:
Purpose of an Introduction
(2-3 pages in length)
To introduce the problem
Develop the background
State your hypothesis(es)
Purpose: In detail
To introduce the reader to this area of research
To educate the reader about key terms, models and
existing theories
To provide the larger context into which your specific
question fits
To establish the reasoning behind your specific question
Organization of Introduction
Questions to think about as you organize your
Introduction:
What is the purpose of my study?
What terms do I need to define?
How does my study build on or derive from other
studies?
What is my hypothesis?
introducing the broad topic. Tell the reader why this topic is
important. Ex: Approximately 4 million Americans are presently
affected by Dementia of the Alzheimers type, also known as
Alzheimers Disease (AD).
Following Paragraphs : Background/Literature Review
why youre proposing this study, taking into account the research
you just reviewed. Make sure the reader can understand your
reasoning not just what you expect, but why.
Example 1:
New way of looking at an old question
First paragraph:
theories
Potential strengths of new theory
Following paragraphs
Biggest part of introductionthe middle!
Each paragraph should have its own main point and
supporting evidence.
There is a logical progression from one paragraph to the
findings
Hypothesis is framed as a testable question
Usually an IF-THEN statement
Need to state directions: increase/decrease, etc.
AVOID.
Contractions (dont, cant)
Personal statements
Stating opinions as facts
prove
Ambiguous terms or slang
Overgeneralizations
Making readers work too hard
Quick things
12-point font, double-spaced
Times New Roman
1-inch margins
Left-justified paragraphs
For example:
Many adolescents get involved in romantic
relationships for the first time during high school
(Furman, 1996).
Citations in Text
One author:
An association was reported between .. (Jones, 1999)
Jones (1999) reported an association ..
Two authors:
An association was reported between .. (Jones & Smith, 1999)
Jones and Smith (1999) reported an association ..
Citations in Text
Three to six authors:
3.
4.
5.
Next class...
APA-style: Method, Results, Discussion
1st experiment: Feb 27, in-class
Do not miss! (-20% off your 1st report)
1st reports due 11/03
Stats review 04/03
Drafts for peer feedback 06/03
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