Plumbing Code Summarized-1

NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
( Republic Act 1378 = the Plumbing Law )

HISTORY OF PLUMBING PRACTICE
WALLED CITY (Intramuros): Birth of plumbing profession in the Phlippines
PUEBLO:
Towns
ILUSTRADOS:
Elite Group
GOV. GEN. HARRISON:
Issued a letter of instruction on proper waste disposal
MASTER PLUMBER JOHN F. HASS: First Chief of the Division of Plumbing Construction and
Inspection
NAMPAP:
National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines
First Members:
Francisco Geronimo
Mariano de Ocampo
Igmidio Suarez
Eusebio Mina
Jose Rivera
Raymundo Reyes Sr.
Roberto Feliciano
Gregorio Lazaro
Raymundo Gumapac
John Jones
Trinitario Ortiz
Valentin Casupanan
Crispin Francisco
Teodoro Pastor
Cornelio Odvina
Jesus Tanghal Dera
CITY ORDINANCE 2411:
a.k.a. Plumbing Code for the City of Manila
HOUSE BILL NO. 962
R.A. 1378:
a.k.a. Plumbing Law of the Philippines
F.E.A.T.I. UNIVERSITY:
First Curriculum for Plumbing Engineering
FIRST AMENDMENT:
Inclusion of Asbestos-Cement Pipe as an approved
plumbing material
BOMP:
Board of Master Plumbers
AIR, WATER & FOOD:
basic necessities of life
BASIC PRINCIPLES
Plumbing fixtures, devices & appurtenances shall be supplied with water in sufficient volume and at
pressure adequate to enable them to function satisfactorily and without undue noise under all normal
conditions of use.
Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water consistent with proper
performance and cleaning.
Each family dwelling unit on premises abutting on a sewer or with a private sewer-disposal system
shall have at least one water closet and one kitchen-type sink. Further, a lavatory and bathtub or
shower shall be installed to meet the basic requirements of sanitation and personal hygiene.
Plumbing fixtures shall be made of smooth non-absorbent material, free from concealed fouling
surfaces & shall be located in ventilated enclosures.
All piping of plumbing systems shall be of durable NAMPAP-APPROVED materials, free from
defective workmanship, designed and constructed by Registered Master Plumbersto ensure
satisfactory service.
Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a water-sealed trap.
The drainage piping system shall be designed to provide adequate circulation of air free from
siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under ordinary use.
Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks and defects in the
workmanship.
Proper protection shall be provided to prevent contamination of food, water, sterile goods & similar
materials by backflow of sewage. When necessary, the fixture, device or appliance shall be connected
indirectly with the building drainage system.
No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly lighted & ventilated.
ARCHITECTURAL LICENSURE EXAMINATION REVIEWER:
National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

Prepared by: ARCH. EDZEL R. AMANTE
If water closets or other plumbing fixtures are installed in the buildings where there is no sewer
within a reasonable distance, suitable provision shall be made for disposing of the building sewage by
some accepted method of sewage treatment and disposal, such as septic tank.
Sewage or other waste from a plumbing system which may be deleterious to surface or sub-surface
waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any waterway, unless first rendered innocuous
through subjection to some acceptable form of treatment.
CHAPTER 1:
ADMINISTRATION
1. APPLICATION FOR PERMITS

A Registered and Licensed Master Plumber shall file an application at the office of the
Building Official in behalf of the building owner: Application shall:
Identify & describe the plumbing work covered
Have the description of the land upon which the plumbing work is to be done
Indicate the use or occupancy
Be accompanied by plans, drawings, diagrams, computations, technical
specifications, & other pertinent data required by Administrative Authority
Be signed by the Owner or permittee
Be signed & sealed by the Registered & Licensed Master Plumber.
Plans & Specifications:
All plumbing plans, drawings, diagrams, design analyses/computations as required,
technical specifications, bill of materials & other required documents for all types of
occupancy shall be prepared, signed & sealed by a Registered & Licensed Master
Plumber, without limitation pursuant to Republic Act 1378, as amended.
The above requirements shall be submitted in (6) sets
2. PERMIT ISSUANCE
The Administrative Authority may issue Partial Permit for the construction of a part of a
large and/or complicated plumbing system before the entire plans & specifications for the
whole system submitted or approved:
Retention of approved plans, specifications, computations & other pertinent data:
One (1) set for Administrative Authority
Two (2) sets returned to the Applicant
One (1) set kept at the Jobsite
Expiration:
One (1) year from date of issuance
Within 120 days if the work is suspended or abandoned
3. APPLICATION FOR EXISTING PLUMBING SYSTEM
Additions, Alterations or Repairs
Changes in Building Occupancy
Maintenance
Moved Buildings
4. INSPECTIONS
General:
No portion of any plumbing system shall be concealed until inspected & approved
All Administrative Plumbing Personnel, Plumbing Inspector shall be a Registered
Licensed Master Plumber
Inspection Request:
Shall be filed at least three (3) working days before such inspection is intended.
Shall be in writing & jointly signed by Owner & the Registered and Licensed Master
Plumber-Contractor.
5. CONNECTION APPROVAL
Permanent Connection:
shall be approved by Administrative Authority
Temporary Connection:
shall be endorsed by Administrative Authority to other
authorities or government agencies.

CHAPTER 2:
DEFINITIONS
ABS
- Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
ACCESSIBLE
- When applied to a fixture, connection, appliance or equipment, shall
mean having access thereto, but which may require prior removal of an access panel, door or similar
obstruction.
READILY ACCESSIBLE - shall mean direct access without necessity of removing any panel, door
or similar obstruction
AIRBREAK
- a physical separation, which may be a low inlet into the indirect waste
receptor from the fixture, appliance or device indirectly connected.
AIR GAP, DRAINAGE - the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between
the lowest opening from any pipe, plumbing fixture, appliance or appurtenance conveying waste to
the flood level rim of the receptor.
AIR GAP, WATER DISTRIBUTION
- an unobstructed vertical distance through the free
atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or faucet conveying potable water to the floodlevel rim of any tank, vat or fixture.
APPROVED TESTING AGENCY
- an organization primarily established for purposes of
testing to approve standards and approved by the Administrative Authority.
BACKFLOW
- the flow of water or other liquids, mixtures or substances into the distributing
pipes of a potable supply of water from any source other than from its intended source.
BACKFLOW CONNECTION
- condition or any arrangement whereby reverse flow can occur.
BACKPRESSURE BACKFLOW - occurs due to an increased reverse pressure above the supply
pressure. This may be due to pumps, boilers, gravity or other sources of pressure.
BACKFLOW PREVENTER
- device or means to prevent flow of liquid from returning to the
source of supply. Also called Vacuum Breaker
BACK-SIPHONAGE
- the flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a
plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe.
BACKWATER VALVE - a device installed installed in the drainage system to prevent reverse
flow.
BACKVENT PIPE
- the part of the vent line, which connects directly with an individual trap
underneath or behind the fixture and extends to the branch or main vent pipe at any point higher than
the fixture or fixture traps it serves. This is sometimes called an Individual Vent
BALL COCK
- a valve opened & closed by the fall & rise, respectively of an attached
ball floating on the surface of the liquid.
BALL JOINT
- a type of pipe connection in which a ball-shaped end is held in a
cuplike shell and allows movements in every diretion.
BATTERY OF FIXTURES
- any of two or more similar adjacent fixture which discharge
into a common horizontal soil or waste branch.
BELL OR HUB
- that portion of a pipe which, for a short distance, is sufficiently
enlarged to receive the end of another pipe of the same diameter for the purpose of making a caulked
or push-on joint.
BENDING PIN (or IRON) - a tool for straightening or bending lead pipe.
BIDET
- Also called a stiz bath.
BLANK FLANGE
- a pipe flange that is not drilled for bolt holes.
BLIND FLANGE
- a flange that closes the end of the pipe. There is no opening for the
passage of liquid & gas.
BLOW-OFF
- a controlled outlet of a pipeline to discharge liquid or detritus.
BOILER BLOW-OFF
- a valve outlet of a boiler that permits discharge of accumulated
sediment.
BRANCH
- any part of piping system other than the main, riser or stack.
BRANCH INTERVAL
- a length of soil or waste stack corresponding in the general to a storey
height, but in no case less than 2.43m within which the horizontal branches from one floor or storey
of a building are connected to the stack.
BRANCH VENT
- a horizontal vent connecting one or more individual vertical back vents
with the vent stack or stack vent.
BRAZED JOINT
- any joint obtained by joining of metal parts with alloys which melt at
temperatures higher than 499 degrees centigrade, but lower than the melting temperature of the
parts to be joined.
B&S
- Brown & Sharpe (Specification) or Bell & Spigot (Ends of Pipes)
BUILDING DRAIN
- that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a drainage system which
receives the discharge from soil, waste & other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building &
conveys it to the building sewer beginning 0.6m outside the building wall.

BUILDING SEWER
- that part of the horizontal piping of a drainage system which starts from
the end drain & conveys it to a public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal system or
other point of disposal.
BUILDING SUBDRAIN - that portion of an underground system, which cannot drain by gravity
into the building sewer.
BUILDING SUPPLY
- the pipe carrying potable water from the water meter or other source of
water supply to a building or other point of use or distribution on the lot. Building supply shall also
mean water service connection.
CAULKING
- plugging an opening with oakum, lead or other materials that are
pounded into the annular space. Also, the material pounded into the annular opening.
CATCH BASIN
- a receptacle in which liquids are retained for a sufficient period of time
to allow settable material to deposit.
CERTIFIED BACKFLOW ASSEMBLY TESTER
- a person who has shown competence
to test and maintain backflow assemblies to the satisfaction of the Administrative Authority having
jurisdiction.
CESSPOOL
- a non-watertight lined excavation in the ground which relieves the
discharge of a sanitary drainage system or part thereof, designed to retain the organic matter & solids
discharging therefrom, but permitting the liquid to seep through the bottom & sides of the cesspool.
CHASE
- a vertical shaft for installation of different pipe stacks.
CHECK VALVE
- a valve that automatically closes to prevent the flow of liquid or gas in
a reverse direction.
CIRCUIT VENT
- a group vent pipe which starts in front of the extreme fixture connection
on a horizontal branch and connects to the vent stack. A.k.a. Loop Vent.
COMMON VENT
- A.k.a. Loop Vent or Unit Vent.
COMBINATION WASTE & VENT SYSTEM - a specially designed system of waste piping
embodying the horizontal wet venting of one or more sink or floor drains by means of a common
horizontal waste & vent pipe, adequately sized to provide free movement of air above the flow line of
the drain.
COMBUSTIBLE CONSTRUCTION
- a structure which any part of its structural framework
will ignite & burn at a temperature of 756 degrees centigrade or less.
COMMON
- that part of plumbing system designed & installed to serve more than
(1) appliance, fixture, building or system.
CONFINED SPACE
- a room or space having a volume less than 1.4 m3 with 250 kilogram
calorie of the aggregate input rating of all fuel-burning appliances installed in that space.
CONTINUOUS VENT
- a continuous vent is vertical vent that is a continuation of the drain to
which the vent connects.
CONTINUOUS WASTE - a drain connecting the compartments of a set of fixtures to trap or
connecting other permitted fixtures to a common trap.
CONDUCTOR OR DOWNSPOUT
- a vertical pipe to convey rainwater.
CORPORATION COCK - a stop valve placed at the connection of the water service pipe to the
water main.
CRITICAL LEVEL
- C-L or C/L marking on a backflow prevention device or vacuum
breaker is a point conforming to approved standards & established by the testing laboratory (usually
stamped on the device by the manufacturer) which determines the minimum elevation above the flood
level rim of the fixture or receptacle served where the device may be installed. When a backflow
prevention devices does not bear a critical level marking, the bottom of the vacuum breaker,
combination valve or the bottom of any such approved device shall constitute the critical level.
CROSS-CONNECTION - any connection or arrangement, physical or otherwise, between a
potable water supply system and any plumbing fixture or any tank, receptacle, equipment or device,
through which enables non-potable, used, unclean, polluted, contaminated water or other substances
to enter into any part of such potable water system under any condition.
DEAD-END
- the extended portion of a pipe that is closed at one end to which no
connections are made on the extended portion, thus permitting the stagnation of liquid or air therein.
DEVELOPED LENGTH - the length of a pipe along its centerline & fittings
DIAMATER
- is the nominal diameter as designated commercially:
I.D.
- inside diameter
O.D.
- outside diameter
DOMESTIC SEWAGE - the liquid & water-borne wastes derived from the ordinary living
processes, free from industrial wastes & of such character that permit satisfactory disposal without
special treatment. It is discharged into the public sewer or into a private sewage disposal system.
DOUBLE-BEND FITTING
- a pipe fitting with adjacent reverse bends and shaped like
letter S.
DOUBLE OFFSET
- two offsets in succession or in series such that the centerlines of the
outside ends are in the same straight line.

DOWNSPOUT
- the vertical portion of a rainwater conductor
DRAIN
- a pipe, which carries ground surface waters, storm water or wastewater
into a building drainage system.
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
- includes all the pipings within public or private premises which convey
sewage or other liquid wastes to a legal point of disposal but does not include the mains of a public
sewer system or a public sewage system or disposal plant.
DURHAM SYSTEM
- a term used to describe soil or waste system where all pipings are of
threaded pipe, tubing or other such rigid construction using recessed drainage fittings to correspond to
the types of piping.
EFFECTIVE OPENING - is the minimum cross-sectional area at the point of water supply
discharged measured or expressed in terms of: (also applicable to air gap installation)
Diameter of a circle
Diameter of a circle of equivalent cross-sectional area (if the opening is not circular)
EXISTING WORK
- the on-going installation of the plumbing installation of the plumbing
system or any part thereof which has been installed prior to the effectivity of the National Plumbing
Code.
FERRULE
- a metallic sleeve, caulked or joined to an opening in a pipe, into which
a plug is screwed that can be removed for cleaning or examining the interior of the pipe.
FIXTURE
- a receptacle other than a trap attached into a plumbing system in which
water or wastes may be collected or retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.
FIXTURE BRANCH
- the water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe & the waterdistributing pipe.
FIXTURE DRAIN
-the drainpipe from the trap of a fixture to the junction of that drain with
any other drainpipe.
FIXTURE SUPPLY
- a water supply pipe connecting the fixture with the fixture branch.
FIXTURE UNIT
- is an arbitrary quantity in terms of which the load producing effects of
water requirements on the plumbing system of different kinds of plumbing fixtures are expressed in
some arbitrary chosen scale.
One fixture unit is equivalent to a rate of flow at 28.3 liters per minute or
(1 cu.
ft. per minute)
FLOOD LEVEL
- the level in a fixture at which water begins to overflow over the top of
rim of the fixture.
FLOOD LEVEL RIM
- is the top edge of the receptacle from where water overflows.
FLOODED
- a fixture is flooded when the liquid therein rises to the flood level rim.
FLUSH TANK
- a tank located above or integral with water closet, urinal or similar
fixtures for flushing or removing excrements in the fixture.
FLUSH VALVE
- is a device located at the bottom of the tank for the purpose of flushing
water closet or similar fixtures.
FLUSHOMETER TANK - is integrated within a n air accumulator vessel which is designed to
discharge a predetermined quantity of water into fixtures for flushing purposes.
FLUSHOMETER VALVE
- is a device, which discharges a predetermined quantity of
water into fixtures for flushing purposes & is actuated by direct water pressure.
GATE VALVE
- a valve in which the flow of water is cut off by means of a circular disc
fitted against a machine-smoothed faces, at right angles to the direction of flow. The disk is raised or
lowered by means of a threaded stem connected to the handle of the valve. The opening in the valve
is usually as large as the full bore of the pipe.
GLOBE VALVE
- a valve in which the flow of fluid is cut off by means of a circular disc
that fits over & against the horizontal valve seat. The movement of the plane of the disc is parallel to
the normal direction of flow of water through the orifice (hole) resulting to tortuous passage which
offers a high-pressure loss. (to throttle water pressure)
GOOSENECK
- a return bend of a small sized pipe, one end of which is about 30cm
long & the other end is about 7.5cm long. It is commonly used as a faucet for a pantry sink. Also,
the term means the flexible tubing connection between the service pipe & the water main.
GREASE INTERCEPTOR
-an interceptor of at least 3 cubic meters capacity to serve one or
more fixtures which is remotely located.
GREASE TRAP
- a device designed to retain grease from 1 to a maximum of 4 fixtures.
GROUP VENT
- a branch vent that performs its functions for 2 or more traps
HORIZONTAL BRANCH
- is a drain pipe extending laterally from a soil or waste stack or
building drain with or without vertical sections or branches, which receives the discharge from one or
more fixture drains and conducts it to the soil or waste stack or to the building drain.
HORIZONTAL PIPE
- is any pipe or fitting installed in a horizontal position or which forms an
angle of not more than forty-five 45 degrees from the horizontal plain.

HOUSE DRAIN
- is that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing system which
receives the discharges from soil, waste and other drainage pipes inside of a building and conveys it
to the house sewer outside of the building.
HOUSE SEWER
- is that part of a plumbing system extending from the house drain at a
point 0.60m from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with the
street sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveying the drainage of one building site.
HOUSE STORM SEWER - is the pipeline from the building to the public or street storm drainage
system.
HUBLESS PIPES
- are cast iron soil pipes with plain ends connected together with bolted
stainless steel bands and neoprene gaskets.
INDIRECT WASTE PIPE
- is a pipe that does not connect directly with the drainage system
but conveys liquid wastes by discharging into a plumbing fixture, interceptor or receptacle directly
connected to the drainage system.
INDIVIDUAL VENT
- is a pipe installed to vent a fixture trap & which connects with the vent
system above the fixture served to terminate in the open air. (a.k.a. backvent)
INDUSTRIAL WASTE - any and all liquid or water-borne waste from industrial or commercial
processes, except domestic sewage.
I.P.S.
- means Iron Pipe Size
INSANITARY
- a condition contrary to sanitary principles or injurious to health.
INTERCEPTOR (CLARIFIER) - is a device designed & installed to separate & retain
deleterious, hazardous or desirable matters from normal wastes & permits normal sewage or liquid
wastes to discharge into the disposal terminal by gravity.
INVERT
- the lowest portion of the interior part of any pipe or conduit that is not
vertical.
LABELLED
- equipment or materials bearing a label of a listing agency. All labels
shall be embossed, stamped or indelibly marked with stickers, glued on the finished product
indicating the weight, specifications & logo of the manufacturer.
LATERAL
In plumbing A secondary pipeline
In sewerage A common sewer to which no other branch sewer is connected. It
receives sewage from building sewer service connections only.
LATRINE
- a water closet consisting of a continuous through containing water. The
though extends under two or more adjacent seats. Prohibited by health authorities for permanent
installations.
LAVATORY
- a.k.a. wash basin
LEACHING CESSPOOL - a cesspool that is not watertight.
LEADER
- a pipe connected from building gutter to the downspout or conductor.
LENGTH OF PIPE
- is measured along its centerline
LIQUID WASTE
- is the discharge from any fixture, appliance or appurtenance in
connection with a plumbing system which does not receive fecal matter.
LOCAL VENT
- a pipe or shaft to convey foul air from a plumbing fixture or a room to
the outer air.
LOOP OR CIRCUIT VENT
- a vertical vent connection on a horizontal soil waste pipe
branch at a point downstream of the last fixture connection and turning to a horizontal line above the
highest overflow level of the highest fixture connected thereat; the terminus connected to the stack
vent in the case of loop venting or to the vent stack nearby in the case of circuit venting.
MAIN
- any system of continuous piping, which is a principal artery of the
system were branches are connected.
MAIN VENT
- the principal artery of the venting system to which vent branches are
connected.
MOBILE HOME PARK SEWER - that part of the horizontal piping of sanitary drainage system
which measures 0.6 meter downstream from the last mobile home site and conveys sewage to a
public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal system or other points of disposal.
NUISANCE
- any work regulated by the Plumbing law that is dangerous to human
life or detrimental to health & property
OAKUM
- hemp or old hemp rope soaked in oil or tar to make it waterproof.
OFFSET
- in a line of piping is a combination of elbows or bends, which brings
one section of the pipe out of the line but into a line parallel with the original section.
PB (POLYBUTELENE) - tube made of plastic material colored black. The cross-sectional shape
is normally oval and is denoted by its outside diameter (O. D.). Normally used as water service
connection from main to meter.
PE (POLYETHYLENE) - tube made of plastic material colored black. The cross-sectional shape
is circular and is denoted by its outside diameter (O. D.).

PIPE
- a cylindrical conduit or conductor conforming to the particular
dimensions commonly known as pipe size & its denoted by its interior diameter (I. D.).
PLUMBING
- the art & technique of installing pipes, fixtures & other apparatuses in
buildings for bringing the supply, liquids, substances &/or ingredients & removing them; & such
water, liquid & other carried-wastes hazardous to health, sanitation, life, property; also the pipes and
fixtures after installation i.e., the plumbing system.
PLUMBING APPLIANCE any one of a special class of device or equipment intended to perform
a special plumbing function. Such device or equipment may operate automatically or may be
manually adjusted or controlled by the user or operator.
PLUMBING APPURTENANCE - a manufactured device or a prefabricated assembly or an onthe-job assembly of component parts, and serves as adjunct to the basic piping system & plumbing
fixtures. An appurtenance demands no additional water supply nor does it add any discharge load to a
fixture or the drainage system. It performs some useful functions in the operation, maintenance,
servicing, economy or safety of the plumbing system.
PLUMBING FIXTURES - are approved-type installed receptacles, devices or appliances supplied
with water or receive liquid or liquid-borne wastes and discharge such wastes into the drainage
system to which they may be directly or indirectly connected. Industrial or commercial tanks, vats &
similar processing equipment are not plumbing fixtures, but may be connected to or discharged into
approved traps or plumbing fixtures.
PLUMBING SYSTEM
- includes all potable water supply & distribution pipes, all plumbing
fixtures & traps; all sanitary & storm drainage systems; vent pipes, roof drains, leaders &
downspouts; & all building drains & sewers, including their respective joints & connections; devices,
receptacles, tap, hot & chilled water pipings; potable water treating or using equipment; fuel gas
piping; water heaters & vents for same.
PLUMBING UNIT
- a minimum standard quantity of plumbing fixtures that discharge
wastes into a plumbing installation including:
1 water meter
1 water closet
1 lavatory
1 shower head & drain for a bathtub or shower stall
1 kitchen sink
1 laundry tray
3 floor drains
4 faucets/hose bibb
PRESSURE
- the normal force exerted by a homogeneous liquid or gas, per unit of
area on the wall of the container
Static Pressure
- the pressure existing without any flow of motion
Residual Pressure - the pressure available at the fixture or water outlet; allowance
is made for pressure drop due to friction loss, head, meter & other losses in the
system during maximum demand period.
PRIMARY BRANCH
- of the building drain is the single sloping drain from the base of a stack
to its junction with the main building drain.
PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM a septic tank with the effluent discharging into a
subsurface disposal field ,into one or more seepage pits or into a combination of subsurface disposal
field & seepage pit or of such other facilities as may be permitted under the procedures set forth
elsewhere in the Plumbing Code.
PRIVATE SEWER
- a building sewer, which receives the discharge from more than one
building drain & conveys it to the public sewer, private sewage disposal system, or other points of
disposal.
PRIVY
- an outhouse or structure used for the deposition of excrement.
PRIVY VAULT
- a pit beneath a privy where excrement collects.
PUBLIC SEWER
- a common sewer directly controlled by public authority to which all
abutters have equal rights of connections.
PVC (POLYVINYL CHLORIDE)
Potable water pipings
- color-coded BLUE
Drainpipes
- color-coded GRAY, ORANGE or BROWN
QUALITY OF MATERIALS
- all plumbing fixtures and materials used in any discharge or
plumbing system or parts thereof shall be free from defects.
RECEPTOR
- an approved plumbing fixture device of such materials, shape &
capacity to adequately receive the discharge from indirect waste pipes, constructed & located to be
readily cleaned.
REGULATING EQUIPMENT - include all valves and controls used in plumbing systems which
are accessible.

RELIEF VENT
- a vertical vent line, the primary function of which is to provide
additional circulation of air between the drainage & vent systems or to act as an auxiliary vent on a
specially designed system such as a yoke vent connection between the soil & vent stacks.
RETURN BEND
- an open return bend usually made up of two 90degree bends with
inside & outside threads, flanged, or welded fittings; and also applied to 180degrees bend in copper
tubing.
RIM
- an unobstructed top open edge of a fixture.
RISER
- a water supply pipe, which extends vertically to one full story or more
to convey water into a pipe branches or plumbing fixtures.
ROUGHING-IN
- the installation of all pipings and fitting parts of the plumbing system,
which can be completed prior to the installation of fixtures & accessories. These include sanitary &
storm drainage, tap, hot & chilled water supplies, gas pipings, vent pipings & the necessary fixture
supports.
SANITARY SEWAGE
- the wastewater containing human excrements & liquid household
waste. Also called domestic sewage
SEAL
- the vertical distance between the dip & the crown weir of a trap. Also,
the water in the trap between the dip & the crown weir.
SECONDARY BRANCH - any branch in the building drain or other than the primary branch.
SEEPAGE PIT
- a loosely lined excavation in the ground, which receives the discharge
of a septic tank & designed to permit the effluent from the septic tank to seep through pit bottom &
sides.
SEPTIC TANK
- a water-tight receptacle which receives the discharge of a sanitary
plumbing system or part thereof, designed & constructed to retain solids, digest organic material
through a period of detention & to allow the liquids to discharge into the soil outside of the tank
through a system open-jointed sub-surface pipings or a seepage pit.
SERVICE PIPE
- the pipe from the street water main or other source of water supply to
the building served.
SEWAGE
- any wastewater containing animal or vegetable matter in suspension or
solution and may include liquids containing chemicals in solution.
SEWER
- a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage & wastewater.
SEWERAGE OR SEWERAGE WORKS - a comprehensive term, including all constructions for
collection, transportation, pumping, treatment & final disposition of sewage.
SHAFT
- a vertical opening through a building for elevators, dumbwaiters, lights,
ventilation or similar purposes.
SIAMESE CONNECTION
- a hose fitting with clapper valves for combining the flow from
two or more lines of hose into a single stream. The inlet fitting of a fire standpipe located above
ground level.
SIPHONAGE
- a suction created by the flow of liquids in pipes. A pressure less than
atmospheric.
SHIELDED COUPLING - an approved elastomeric sealing gasket with an approved outer shield
& a tightening mechanism.
SLIP JOINT
- an adjustable tubing connection, consisting of a compression nut, a
friction ring, & a compression washer, designed to fit a threaded adapter fitting or a standard taper
pipe thread.
SOIL STACK PIPE
- a vertical soil pipe conveying fecal matter & wastewater.
SOIL PIPE
- any pipe, which conveys the discharge water from water closet, urinal
or fixtures having similar functions, with or without the discharges from other fixtures to the building
drain or building sewer.
SOLDERED JOINT
- a pipe joint obtained by joining metal parts with metallic fixtures or
alloys which melt a temperature below 427 degrees centigrade & above 149 degrees centigrade.
SPIGOT
- the end of a pipe which fits into a bell. Also a word used
synonymously with faucet.
SPECIAL WASTE
- wastes which require some special methods of handling such as the use
of indirect waste piping & receptors; corrosion-resistant piping; sand, oil or grease interceptors;
condensers or other preteatment facilities.
STACK
- the vertical main of a system of soil, waste or vent pipings extending
through one or more stories & extended thru the roof
STANDPIPE
- a vertical pip, or a reservoir, into which water is pumped to give it at a
head, classified as:
Wet Standpipe
- water pressure is maintained at all times
Automatic Standpipe System
- operates automatically by opening a hose valve
Manually-Operated Standpipe System
- remote control device at each hose
station
Dry Standpipe
- having no permanent water inside the pipe.

STORM WATER
- that portion of the rainfall or other precipitation which runsoff over the
earth surface after a storm
SUBSOIL DRAIN
- an underground drainpipe that receives only sub-surface or seepage
water & convey it to a sump for disposal by gravity flow or by lift pump.
STACK VENT
- an extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain
connected to the stack. The uppermost end above the roof is called Stack Vent Through Roof
(SVTR).
SUMP
- an approved tank or pit which receives sewage or wastewater and is
located below the normal grade of the gravity system & must be emptied by mechanical means.
SUPPORTS
- supports, hangers, anchors, brackets, cradles, are devices for holding &
securing pipes and fixtures to walls, ceiling, floors or structural members.
SURFACE WATER
- that portion of rainfall or other precipitation which runs off over the
surface of the ground.
TAILPIECE
- the pipe or tubing that connects the outlet of a plumbing fixture to the
trap.
TAPPED TEE
- a tee with the branch tapped to receive a threaded pipe or fittings.
TRAP
- a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly
vented, a liquid seal prevents the backflow of foul air or methane gas without materially affecting the
flow of sewage or wastewater through it.
TRAP ARM
- that portion of a fixture drain between a trap and a vent.
TRAP SEAL
- the maximum vertical depth of liquid that a trap will retain, measured
between the crown weir & the top of the dip of the trap.
TUBE
- a cylindrical conduit or conductor conforming to the particular
dimensions known as tube sizes & denoted by its outside diameter (O.D.).
UNCONFINED SPACE - a room space having a volume equal to at least 1.4 m3 of the aggregate
input rating of the fuel-burning appliance installed in that space. Rooms adjacent and open to the
space where the appliance is installed, through openings not furnished with doors, are considered a
part of the unconfined space.
UNIT VENT
- an arrangement of venting so installed that one vent pipe will serve (2)
traps.
VACUUM
- air pressure less than atmospheric. Also, implies siphonage, in piping
system.
VACUMM PREVENTER - see Backflow Preventer.
VENT PIPE
- a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing
system & for leaving the negative pressure exerted on the trap seals.
VENT STACK
- the vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing circulation of air
to & from any part of the soil, waste of the drainage system.
VENT SYSTEM
- pipes installed to provide flow of air to or from a drainage system or to
provide a circulation of air within such system to protect trap seals from siphonage & back pressure.
VERTICAL PIPE
- any pipe or fitting installed in a vertical position or which forms an
angle of not more than forty-five (45) degrees with the vertical line.
WASTE PIPE
- a pipe, which conveys only wastewater or liquid waste of fecal matter.
WATER TREATMENT - a device which conditions or treats water supply to improve water
quality, remove suspended solids by filtration.
WATER - DISTRIBUTING PIPE
- a pipe which coveys potable water from the building
supply pipe to the plumbing fixtures & other water outlets.
WATER MAIN
- or street main is the water-supply pipe for public or community use.
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
- of a building or premises consists of the water service pipe,
water supply line, water distributing pipe and the necessary branch pipes, fittings, valves all
appurtenances required for the supply of potable water.
WET VENT
- that portion of a vent pipe through where wastewater also flows
through.
WELDED JOINT OR SEAM
- any joint or seam obtained by the joining of metal parts in a
plastic molten state.
WELDER, PIPELINE
- a person who specializes in the welding of pipes & holds a valid
certificate of competency from a recognized testing agency, based on the requirements of the
regulating authority.
WYE
- a hose connection with two-gated outlets permitting two connections of
the same or smaller coupling diameter to be taken from a single supply line. Also, a pipe fitting of
three branches that form the letter wye.
YOKE VENT
- a pipe connecting upward from a soil or waste stack below the floor &
below horizontal connection to an adjacent vent stack at a point above the floor & higher than the
highest spill level of fixtures for preventing pressure changes in stacks.

CHAPTER 3:
GENERAL REGULATIONS
1. GRADE OF HORIZONTAL PIPING

Drainage pipes shall be run in practical alignments & at a uniform slope between manholes of
not less than 20mm/m or 2% toward the point of disposal.
If it is impracticable to obtain such slope due to the following conditions:
Excessive depth of the proposed drainage line
Structural and/or geological features of the terrain
Existing adverse in arrangements of building structure
Any such pipe or piping 102mm or larger in diameter may have a slope of 10mm/m or 1%
provided it is approved by Administrative Authority
2. CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF DRAINAGE FLOW
Changes in direction of piping shall be made by the use of approved pipe fittings & shall be
the angles presented by:
22 degrees bend
45 degrees bend
60 degrees bend or other approved fittings of longer sweeps.
Horizontal drainage lines connecting to a vertical stack shall enter through:
45 wye branches
combination wye & 1/8 bend branches
or other approved fittings of longer sweeps.
Horizontal drainage lines connecting to other horizontal drainage lines shall enter through:
45 wye branches
combination wye & 1/8 bend branches
Vertical drainage lines connecting to other horizontal drainage line shall enter through:
45 wye branches
60 degree branches or offsets (only for pipes installed in true vertical position)
3. PROHIBITED FITTINGS & PRACTICES
No Drainage Fitting shall use:
Double hub fitting for leak-caulked joint in vertical position
Single or double tee branch
Single or double tapped tee branch
Side inlet quarter bend
Running thread, band or saddle
Except that: double hub sanitary tapped tee may be used on vertical lines as a fixture
connection. (approved stainless steel bands with neoprene gaskets for jointing hubless cast
iron soil pipes are acceptable for use)
No Drainage or Vent piping shall be drilled & tapped for making connections thereto, and
no cast iron soil pipe shall be threaded.
No Waste Connection shall be made to a closet bend or stub of a water closet or similar
fixtures.
No Vent pipe shall be used as a soil or waste pipe & vice versa
4. PROTECTION OF PIPING, MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
All pipings passing under or through walls shall be protected from breakage with embedded
metal pipe sleeves.
All pipes passing through or under cinders or other corrosive materials shall be protected
from external corrosion by encasing same with polyethylene sheath or in any other
approved manner.
Void between pipes & sleeves through concrete floors in the ground shall be appropriately
sealed with bitumen.
The bottom of all pipe trenches deeper than the footing of any adjacent building or structure
& parallel to it must be at least 45degrees therefrom, unless permission is granted by
Administrative Authority.
No building sewer or other drainage pipings or part thereof, constructed of materials other
than that approved for use under or within the building, shall be installed under or within
0.6m of any building or structure, nor less than 0.3m below the finish ground surface.

5. HANGERS & SUPPORTS

VERTICAL PIPING:
Cast Iron Soil Pipe
- Bell & Spigot & Hubless pipe shall be supported at every
storey or closer.
Screwed Pipe - Iron Pipe Size (IPS) shall be supported at not less than every other
storey height.
Copper Tubing - shall be supported at each storey or at a maximum intervals of 3m o.c.
Lead Pipe
- shall be supported at intervals not exceeding 1.20m at centers with a
rigid vertical back-up
Plastic Pipe
- shall be supported at every 1m interval.
HORIZONTAL PIPING:
Cast Iron Soil Pipe
Suspended cast iron soil pipe shall be supported at not more than 1.5m intervals,
except that pipe exceeding 1.5m length may be supported at not more than 3m
intervals. Supports shall be adequate to maintain alignment & to prevent sagging &
shall be placed within 0.45m of the hub or joint.
Hubless or compression gasket joints must be supported at least every other joint
except that when the developed length between supports exceeds 1.2m, they shall be
provided at each joint.
Screwed Pipe - IPS shall be supported at approximately 3.0m intervals for piping
19mm diameter & smaller & 3.6m intervals for piping 25mm & larger in diameter.
Copper Tubing - shall be supported at approximately 1.8m intervals for piping 38mm
diameter & smaller & 3.0m intervals for piping 51mm & larger in dia.
Lead Pipe
- shall be supported at by stiff metal or wooden backing for entire
length with hangers properly spaced.
In Ground
- piping buried on the ground shall be laid on the firm bed for its
entire length, except where concrete cradle support is provided which is adequate &
approved by the Administrative Authority.
Plastic Tube
- shall be supported by stiff metal or wood backing with hangers in its
entire length for small-size tubings up to 38mm diameter & without backings but with
spaced metal hangers at approved spacing for larger-size tubings.
6. TRENCHING, EXCAVATION & BACKFILL
Tunnels shall have:
a clear height of 0.6m above the pipe & shall be limited in length to 1/2 the depth of the
trench.
2.4m max. length & shall be limited in length to 1/2 the depth of the trench.
driven pipes shall have at least one pipe size larger than the pipe to be laid
Trenches shall be back-filled in thin layers of 0.3m above the top of the pipe with clean earth
which shall not contain stones, boulders, cinders or other materials which can damage or
break the pipes or cause corrosive action.
CHAPTER 4:
PLUMBING FIXTURES
1. MATERIALS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

All porcelain enamel surfaces on plumbing fixtures shall be acid resistant
Water closet bowls for public use shall be elongated bowl types equipped with open-front
seats.
2. MATERIALS ALTERNATIVES
Restaurant kitchen & other special-use sink may be made of approved-type bonderized &
galvanized sheet steel not less than Ga.16 U.S. B&S or 1.6mm thk.
3. STAINERS & CONNECTIONS
Strainers serving shower drains shall have a waterway equivalent area of the tailpiece
meaning, the sum of all the areas of the perforation of the strainer is equivalent to the outlet
area.
Fixtures having concealed slip joint connections shall be provided with an access panel or
utility at least 0.3m in its least dimension for inspection & repair.
Continuous waste fixture tailpiece connections were exposed or accessible may be of
seamless drawn brass not less than Ga. 20 B&S or 0.8mm thk.

4.
5.
6.
7.
Continuous waste or waste & overflow shall not be less than:

38mm outside dia. (O.D.) for:
sinks, dishwashers, laundry tubs, bathtubs, & similar fixtures
urinals (brass & copper-not allowed!)
32mm outside dia. (O.D.) for:
lavatories, drinking fountains & similar small fixtures
SPECIAL FIXTURES & SPECIALTIES
Wastewater drain for Sacrarium cupsink at church altar & baptisteries font outlet shall
discharge direct to the ground & not connected to any sanitary or drainage system.
INSTALLATION
No water closet or bidet shall be set closer than 0.375m from its center to any side of the
wall or obstruction or closer than 0.75m center to center to any similar fixture.
No urinal shall be set closer than 0.6m center to center.
SHOWER STALLS
Each shower receptor shall be a n approved type and be constructed to have a finished dam,
curb, or threshold which is at least 25.4mm lower than the outside floor.
In no case shall any dam or threshold be less than 51mm or more than 228mm in depth
when measured from the top of the dam or threshold of the drain.
The finished floor of the receptor shall slope uniformly from sides towards the drain not less
than 2% or 20mm/m or more than 4% or 40mm/m.
559mm min. width of threshold.
1.2m min. distance between the door or entry to the drain.
0.6m2 min. finished interior area of shower stalls (any shape) & shall be capable of
encompassing a 762mm dia. circle.
The minimum area & dimensions shall be maintained from a point above the shower drain
outlet to a height of 1.78m with no protrusions other than the fixture valve or valves,
shower head & safety grab bars or rails.
When shower receptors are built above ground the sub-floor & rough side of walls to a
height of no less than 76mm above the top of the finished dam or threshold.
No metallic shower sub-pans or linings may be built-up on jobsite of not less than (3) three
layers of standard grade 6.8kg asphalt-impregnated roofing felt. All folds, laps &
reinforcing webbing shall extend to at least 101mm in all directions producing a tensile
strength of not less than 0.9kg/mm in either directions.
For public showers: drains in gutters shall not be spaced more than 4.9m apart.
48.880C max. temperature of hot water in showers & shall have:
individual shower control valves of the pressure balance or the thermostatic mixing valve
type for individual water heaters
master thermostatic mixing valve type in lieu of individually controlled pressure balance
or the for multiple gang showers
MINIMUM RATIO of PLUMBING FACILITIES
1 laundry tray & 1 automatic washer standpipe per 1 dwelling unit
2 laundry trays & 2 automatic washer standpipes per 10 apartments
1 kitchen sink per 1 dwelling unit or 1apartment
1 lavatory per 5 persons (where there is exposure to skin contamination with poisonous,
infectious, or irritating materials)
1 laundry tray per 50 persons
1 slop sink per 100 persons
1 water closet & 1 urinal per 30 workmen (for temporary workingmen facilities)
1 drinking fountain per occupied floor in schools, theaters, auditoriums, dormitories offices
or public building
total no. of water closets required for females shall be at least equal for the total no. of water
closets & urinals required for males.
For assembly areas (theaters, auditoriums, dormitories, offices, of public buildings) used by more
than 6 persons:
1 drinking fountain for the first 75 persons & additional of 1 drinking fountain for the next
150 persons.
CHAPTER 5:
INSPECTION & TEST
It is the duty of the Registered & Licensed Master Plumber to notify the Administrative
Authority not less than 3 days before the work is inspected.
In water testing, the water shall be kept in the pipe system or in the potion under test for at
least 15 minutes before the inspection starts.

In air testing, after closing all other inlets & outlets, air is forced in the pipe system (through
a connection with an air compressor), until there is a uniform gauge pressure of 34.5 Kpa
sufficient to balance a column of mercury 254mm in height for a period of at least 15
minutes.
In water piping, it shall be tested & proved tight under water pressure not less than the
working pressure which is to be used plus 50% for a period of at least 15 minutes. A
344.5 Kpa air pressure may be substituted for the water test.
CHAPTER 6:
WATER SUPPLY & DISTRIBUTION
1. BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, & METHODS

AIR GAP
ITEM
NO.
1
2
3
4
- the minimum air gap to provide backflow protection.

FIXTURES
Lavatories & other fixtures with effective openings

not greater than 13mm in diameter
Sinks, laundry trays, goosenecks bath faucets &
other fixtures with effective openings not greater
than 19mm in diameter.
Over rim bath fillers & other fixtures with effective
openings not greater than 25mm in diameter.
Effective openings not greater than 25mm in
diameter.
Not affected by
side walls (mm)
Affected by side
walls (mm)
25
38
38
57
51
76
2 times diameter of
effective opening
3 times diameter of
effective opening
EFFECTIVE OPENING - the minimum cross sectional area at the seat of the control valve or the
supply pipe or tubing which feeds the device outlet. If two or more lines supply one outlet, the
effective opening shall be the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the individual supply lines or the
area or the single outlet, whichever is smaller.
ATMOSPHERIC VACUUM BREAKER (AVB) - consist of a body, a checking member & an
atmospheric opening.
DOUBLE CHECK VALVE BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY (DC) - consists of two
independently acting internally or externally loaded check valves, four properly located test cocks
with connectors & two isolation gate valves.
PRESSURE VACUUM BREAKER BACFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY (PVB)
- consists of a loaded air inlet valve, an internally loaded check valve, two properly located test cocks
& two isolation gate valves.
REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY (RP)

- consists of two independently acting internally loaded check valves, a differential pressure relief
valve, four properly located test cocks & two isolation gate valves.
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Access & clearance for testing, maintenance & repair shall require 305mm min. space
between the lowest portion of the assembly & the grade, floor or platform. Elevated
installations more than 1.52m above the floor or grade shall be provided with platform
sufficient to support maintenance person.
Where potable water is discharge to the drainage system, it shall be by means of an approved
air gap of two (2) pipe dia. min. to 25mm max. from the supply outlet & the top surface of
the drainage inlet.
3. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
Water Closet & Urinal Flushometer Valves shall be equipped with a listed atmospheric
vacuum breaker & shall be installed at the discharge level of the flushometer valve with a
critical level at least 152mm distance according to its listing above the overflow rim of a
water closet bowl or highest part of a urinal.
Water Closet & Urinal Tanks shall be equipped with a listed ballcock & shall be installed
with the critical level at least 25mm above the full opening of the overflow pipe.
152mm minimum installation of a listed atmospheric vacuum breaker:
in the discharge side of the last valve for inlets to Tanks, Vats, Swimming Pools &
other receptors.
above the highest point of usage & located on the discharge side of the last valve for
Potable Water Outlets with Hose Attachments. &
above the aspirator unit for Water Inlets to Water Supplied Aspirators.

4. MATERIALS
Water pressure pipes shall be of:
For cold-water distribution systems - Brass, Copper, Centrifugal Cast Iron Pipe (CCI),
B&S & F&F ends, Ductile Cast Iron Pipe (DCI), Galvanized Wrought Iron, Galvanized
Steel, or other approved PE & PVC water pressure pipe.
For hot & cold-water distribution systems- CPVC water pipe & tubing
Cast iron fittings up to & including 51mm in size, when used in connection with potable
water piping shall be galvanized.
All small-sized malleable iron water fittings shall be galvanized.
Water pipes & fittings with a lead content that exceed 8% shall be prohibited & shall not be
used in potable piping systems.
5. VALVES
Valves up to & including 51mm size shall be brass or other approved materials. Sizes over
51mm may have cast iron or brass bodies. Each gate valves shall be a fullway type with
working parts of non-corrosive materials.
A valve used to control two (2) or more openings shall be a fullway gate valve.
6. GRAVITY SUPPLY TANKS
Covers of gravity tanks shall be vented with a return-bent vent pipe having an area not less
than the area of the down-feed riser pipe.
For overflow control, inlets shall be controlled by a float valve, float switch or electrodetype water level control.
Shall have a valved drain pipe & an screened overflow pipe
7. WATER PRESSURE, PRESSURE REGULATORS & PRESSURE RELIEF VALVES
Inadequate water pressure water pressure less than 103 Kpa
Excessive water pressure water pressure greater than 551 Kpa
All pipe determinations shall be based on eighty percent (80%) the reduced pressure.
For listed non-storage instantaneous heaters having an inside diameter of not more than
76mm is not required to have pressure relief valve with approved drain.
Each pressure relief valve shall be an approved automatic type with drain, & each such relief
valve shall be set at a pressure not more than 1033 Kpa.
approved Combination Temperature & Pressure Relief Valve (CT & PRV)
8. INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, & TESTING
All water service yard piping shall be at least 0.3m below the finish ground level.
Water pipes if run or laid with the same trench or building sewer shall be:
Min. of 0.3m above the top sewer or drain line (may be constructed of clay or materials
no approved for use within a building)
Placed on a solid shelf excavated on one side with min. of 0.3m clearance from the side
of sewer, drain line & the water line
Unions shall be installed in the water supply piping within 0.3m away from regulating
equipment, water heater, conditioning tanks & similar equipment which require removal for
servicing or replacement.
9. SIZE OF POTABLE WATER PIPING
Size of water piping shall be based on the total water demand
The quantity of water required to be supplied to every plumbing fixture shall be represented
by Fixture Units (FU)
61m max. length of supply piping.
No building water service pipe shall be less than 19mm in diameter.
10. EQUIVALENT WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS (some)
ITEM
NO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
FIXTURES
Lawn Sprinklers (standard type, each head)
Bar Sink, Drinking Fountain, Lavatory
Bidet, Bathtub(With or Without Shower Over),
Laundry Tub or Clothes Washer (each pair of faucets),
Shower (each head), Sink or Dishwasher
Water Closet (economical flush)
Water Closet (flush tank & flushometer-tank),
Hose Bibb or Sill Cock (standard type)
Mobile Home (each)-temporary facilities
Urinal (flush tank)
Urinal (pedestal or similar type)
Urinal (stall & wall)
Number of Water Supply

Fixture Units (WSFU)
Private Use
Public Use
1
1
1
2
2
2.5
6
-
6
3
10
5

11. SUPPORT
Support all piping at intervals of not more than (4ft.) four feet or (1219mm), at end of
branches & change of direction or elevation.
Support trap arms in excess of (3ft.) three feet or (914mm) in length as close as possible to
the trap.
Closet rings shall be fastened (1/4inch) or (6.4mm) above finished floor.
12. THRUST BLOCKING
In lines with rubber gasketed joints, thrust blocks shall be installed at all:
Changes in direction, as tees & bends
Changes in size, as at reducers
Stops, as at dead ends; &
Valves, where thrusts may be expected.
CHAPTER 7:
EXCRETA DRAINAGE SYSTEM
1. MATERIALS
Excreta Drainage Pipings shall be of Cast Iron, Ductile Iron, Galvanized Steel, Galvanized
Wrought Iron, Lead, Copper, Brass, Series 1000 PVC DWV, Extra-strength Vitrified Clay
Pipe or other approved materials having smooth & uniform bore except that:
No Galvanized Wrought Iron or Galvanized Steel Pipe shall be used underground & shall be
kept at least 152mm above ground.
No Vitrified Clay Pipes or Fittings for building drain or sewer shall be used above ground or
whenever piping is pressurized by a pump or ejector. They shall be kept 0.3m below finish
ground level.
Drainage Fittings shall be Cast Iron, Malleable Iron, Lead, Copper, Brass, ABS, PVC,
Vitrified Clay Pipe or other approved materials having smooth interior waterway of the same
diameter as the piping served.
ABS & PVC DWV piping installations shall be used in high rise buildings
2. SIZE OF DRAINAGE PIPING
Minimum Trap Diameters & Drainage Fixture Unit Values (some)
ITEM
NO.
1
4
5
6
7
8
FIXTURES
Sinks, bar, commercial 51mm min. waste,
Receptors (floor sinks), indirect waste receptors for
refrigerators, coffee urns, water station, ect..
Bidet, Bathtub, Laundry tubs, Wash basins (in sets),
Sinks or Dishwashers (resl/coml) 51mm min. waste,
Urinal, wall mounted, washout, separate trap 50.8mm min.
waste
Sinks, commercial or industrial, schools, etc, including
dishwashers, wash up sinks, & wash fountains 50.8mm
waste
Clotheswashers, Floor drains, Shower (single stall),
Urinal, stall, separate trap,
Urinal, wall mounted, washdown or siphon jet, integral
trap, trap arm only
Drinking Fountains
Mobile home park traps (one for each trailer),
Water closet, public installation
Water Closet (private installation)
Water Closet (public installation)
Trap & Trap

Arm Size
(mm)
Drainage
Fixture Units
(DFU)
38
38
38
51
31
76
76
76
4
6
3. CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF EXCRETA DRAINAGE FLOW

Changes in direction of drainage piping shall be made by appropriate use of approved fittings
& shall be of the angles presented by a 22 degrees or 1/16 bend, 45degrees or 1/8 bend,
and 60degrees or 1/6 bend or other approved fittings of equivalent sweeps.
Vertical drainage lines connecting with horizontal drainage lines shall enter through forty-five
(45) degree branches or other approve fittings of equivalent sweep. Sixty (60) degree
branches or offsets may be used only installed in a true vertical position.

4. CLEANOUTS
Each horizontal drainage pipe shall be provided with a cleanout at its upper terminal & each
rung of piping which is more than 15 meters in total developed length shall be provided
with a cleanout & every 15 meter length or a fraction thereof.
SIZE OF PIPE
(mm)
38
51
64
76
102 or larger
SIZE OF CLEANOUT
(mm)
38
38
64
64
89
Cleanouts may be omitted:

On horizontal drain less than 1.5 meter in length unless such line is serving sink or
urinals.
On short horizontal drainage pipe installed at a slope of seventy-two (72) degrees or less
from the vertical line (or an angle 1/5 bend).
Additional cleanout shall be provided on a horizontal line with an aggregate offset angle of
direction exceeding 135 degrees.
Each 90degrees cleanout extension shall be extended from a wye type fitting or other
approved fitting of equivalent sweep
Clearances in front of the cleanout:
in piping 51mm or less shall have clearance of not less than 305mm in front of the
cleanoout.
in piping 51mm or larger shall have clearance of not less than 450mm in front of the
cleanoout.
in underfloor piping shall be extended to or above finish floor or shall be extended
outside the building when there is less than 450mm vertical & 750mm horizontal
clearance from means & access to such cleanout.
6.1m max. distance from an access door, trap door, or crawl hole (in residential)
5. DRAINAGE OF FIXTURES LOCATED BELOW THE UPSTREAM MANHOLE OR
BELOW THE MAIN SEWER LEVEL
The minimum size of any pump discharge or any discharge pipe from a sump having a water
closet connected thereto shall not be less than 50.8mm diameter.
All such pumps & receiving tanks shall be automatically discharged & when rated public
use shall be provided with dual pumps or ejectors. The invert of the lowest inlet to the
tank shall have a 51mm min. distance above the high water or starting level of the
pumping operation.
Vent of sump & receiving tanks shall extend separately to the roof having a 51mm min.
Air tanks for ejector shall have an air pressure of 3kg min. for each meter of height the
sewage is raised.
Fixture outlets shall not be connected to the horizontal excreta drainage piping system within
2.4m of any vertical to horizontal change of direction of a stack containing suds-producing
fixtures. (Fixtures using soaps/detergents)
The diameter of an individual vent shall not be less than 32mm nor less than 1/2 the
diameter of the drain to which it is connected.
CHAPTER 8:
INDIRECT WASTE PIPING, WET VENTED SYSYTEMS & SPECIAL WASTES
1. INDIRECT WASTE CONDITIONS

The airgap for drainage shall be not less than 25mm between the plumbing fixture, appliance
or appurtenance outlet & the rim of the floor sink or receptor.
2. INDIRECT WASTE PIPING
Indirect waste pipes less than 4.6m in length need not to be larger in diameter than the drain
outlet or tailpiece of the fixture or 13mm in diameter min.
3. INDIRECT WASTE RECEPTORS
No standpipe receptor for any clotheswasher shall extend more than 8m or less than 0.45m
above its trap.
Stills, sterilizers & simillar equipment shall be drain through an airgap.

4. STEAM & HOT WATER DRAINAGE CONDENSERS & SUMPS

No steam pipe shall be directly connected to any part of a plumbing or drainage system, nor
shall any water having a temperature above 60degrees C be discharged under pressure
directly into any part of a drainage system.
All condensers & sumps shall be properly trap with a deep sealed trap extending within
152mm at the bottom of the tank.
Traps shall have 19mm dia. opening to serve as siphon breaker.
Sumps, condensers or intercepting tanks constructed of concrete shall have:
Walls & bottom 102mm thickness
Cement plaster not less than 13mm thickness
Sumps, condensers or intercepting tanks constructed of metal shall be not less than No.12
U.S. Standard Gauge (2.77mm thickness)
5. CHEMICAL WASTES
Where acid or corrosive chemical is placed & each vent pipe connected thereto, shall be
constructed of chemical-resistant glass-lined pipe, high silicon iron pipe, lead pipe not less
than 3.2mm wall thickness, an approved type of ceramic glazed or unglazed vitrified clay or
other approved corrosion resistant material.
6. VERTICAL WET PIPING
Wet venting is limited to vertical drainage piping receiving the discharge from the trap arm of
one (1) & two (2) fixture unit. Fixtures that also serves as a vent for not to exceed four (4)
fixtures.
Size of wet vent shall be:
Max. of 1 pipe size larger than the required min. waste pipe size of:
the upper fixture
the sum of the fixture units served by such wet-vented section
Min. 51mm diameter
7. COMBINATION WASTE & VENT SYSTEMS (CW & VS)
Shall be permitted only where structural conditions preclude the installation of conventional
systems
Any branch more than 4.6m in length shall be separately vented
Min. area of vent shall be 1/2 the inside cross-sectional area of the drain pipe served.
Min. dia. of traps shall be 2 pipe sizes larger than any fixture, tailpiece or connection.
In no case any tailpiece or connections shall exceed 0.6m long.
8. AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
19.1mm min. size of condensate wastes pipe
Air-conditioning condensate waste pipes shall connect indirectly to the drainage system
through an airgap or airbreak.
CHAPTER 9:
VENTS & VENTING
1. MATERIALS
Vent Pipes shall be of Cast Iron, Ductile Iron, Galvanized Steel, Galvanized Wrought Iron,
Lead, Copper, Brass, Schedule 40, ABS, DWV, Series 1000 PVC or other approved materials
having smooth & uniform bore except that:
No Galvanized Wrought Iron or Galvanized Steel Pipe & Fittings shall be used underground
& shall be kept at least 152mm above ground.
Horizontal & vertical vent lines & vent stacks shall be Copper, Cast Iron, Galvanized
Wrought Iron or Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes.
Vent Fittings shall be Cast Iron, Galvanized Malleable Iron or Galvanized Steel, Lead,
Copper, Brass, ABS, PVC, Vitrified Clay Pipe or other approved materials having smooth
interior waterway of the same diameter as the piping served.
2. SIZE OF VENTS
Shall not be less than 1 1/4 (32mm) nor less than 1/2 the dia. of the drain to which it is
connected.
The aggregate cross-sectional area shall not be less than the largest required building sewer.
3. VENT TERMINATION
Each vent stack through roof (VSTR) shall:
extend its flashing all around the stack
terminate vertically not less than 15cm above the roof
have a clearance of 0.3m away from any vertical surface nearby

Each vent opening shall:

not terminate not less than 3m from or at least 0.9m above any operable window, door
opening, air intake or vent shaft
at least 0.9m min. away from any lot line, alley & street boundary lines.
4. VENT STACKS & RELIEF VENTS
Yoke vent in connection with the vent stack shall be placed not less than 1.0m above the
floor level.
CHAPTER 10: TRAPS & INTERCEPTORS

1. TRAPS REQUIRED
Not more than 1 traps shall be permitted on a trap arm.
1 trap may serve:
3 single compartment sink of the same depth
3 lavatories immediately adjacent to each other not more than 0.75m apart.
In no case any tailpiece or connections shall exceed 0.6m long.
2. TRAP SEALS
Each fixture trap shall have a water seal of not less than 51mm & not more than 102mm
deep.
3. INDUSTRIAL INTERCEPTORS (CLARIFIERS) & SEPARATORS
Shall be so designed & located as to be readily accessible for cleaning & shall have a water
seal of not less than 152mm deep.
4. GREASE TRAPS
Shall not be installed for a facility that has an approved rate of flow of greater than 3.4L/sec
& lower than 1.3L/s.
The total capacity of fixtures discharging to any grease trap shall not exceed 2 1/2 times the
certified liters per minute flowrate of grease traps.
Grease traps may be used as a fixture outlet provided:
Hor. distance between the fixture & the grease trap does not exceed 1.2m.
Vertical tailpipe or drain does not exceed 0.75m.
Grease traps shall have an approved water seal of 51mm min. in depth or the diameter of its
outlet.
5. SAND INTERCEPTORS
2
Shall be have a dimension of 0.2m min. for the net free opening of the inlet section & a
610mm min. depth under the invert of the outlet pipe.
CHAPTER 11: STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM

1. RAINWATER SYSTEMS
Rainwater Downspout or Conductor Pipings placed within the interior side of the building
inside a vertical pipe chase or run within a vent shaft shall be of Cast Iron, Ductile Iron,
Galvanized Steel, Iron, Lead, Copper, Brass, Schedule 40, ABS, Series 1000 PVC DWV, or
other approved materials.
Rainwater Downspout or Conductor located on the exterior side of a low height building
shall be not less than Ga. 26 galvanized sheet metal.
2. ROOF DRAIN
Strainers
Should not exceed 102mm above the surface of the roof immediately adjacent to the
drain
Dome-type strainers shall have at least 1 1/2 times the area of the outlet pipe to which it
is connected.
Roof Deck strainers shall have at least 2 times the area of the outlet pipe to which it is
connected.
Vertical Wall Areas
For 1 wall add 50% of area of the wall to the roof area
For 2 adjacent walls add 35% of the total wall areas to the roof area
For 2 walls opposite each other & of the same heights add NO additional area
Vertical piping may be round, square or rectangular provided that the area of a rectangular
piping shall have at least the equivalent cross sectional area of a circular piping & its
dimensions shall not exceed 3 to 1.

CHAPTER 12: HOUSE DRAINS & HOUSE SEWERS

1. SEWER REQUIRED
It is considered that public sewer is not available if it is located more than 61m from the
proposed building or exterior drainage facility or any lot or premises thereat.
Building sewer beginning 0.6m from outside face of the wall.
2. SIZE OF BUILDING SEWERS
Size of any building sewer shall be determined on the basis of the total number of fixture
units drained by such sewer, but in no case size of building sewer shall be less than 150mm.
3. GRADE, SUPPORT, & PROTECTION OF BUILDING SEWER
Grade of building sewers shall not be less than 2%. In special cases where 2% grade cannot
be achieved, it may be reduced but shall not be less than 1%.
Building sewer shall be installed not less than 0.6m from the outer face of the building,
foundation or wall nor less than 0.3m below the finish surface of the ground.
4. CLEANOUTS
Additional building sewer cleanouts shall be installed not to exceed 15m o.c. in straight runs
& each aggregate change in direction exceeding 135degrees.
No cleanouts will be required when a building sewer or a branch thereof does not exceed 3m
in length.
Manholes can be installed in lieu of cleanouts & shall be located not exceeding 91m in
between & outlet pipe connections shall be made by the use of flexible compression joints no
closer than 0.3m from outside of the manhole.
5. SEWER & WATER PIPES
The bottom of the water pipe, at all points, shall be at least 0.3m above the top of the sewer
or drain line.
Water pipes constructed of clay or other materials not approved for the use within a building
shall be laid a 0.3m min. clear above the sewer or drain pipe.
Water pipe joints shall be installed not less than 3m away from sewer line in both directions.
6. ABANDONED SEWERS & SEWAGE DISPOSAL FACILITIES
Every abandoned building (house) sewer, or part thereof, shall be plugged or capped in an
approved manner within 1.5m of the property line.
All drainage piping shall clear domestic water supply wells by at least 15.2m. The distance
may be reduced to not less than 7.6m when the drainage piping is constructed of materials
approved for the use within a building.
CHAPTER 13: JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

1. TYPES OF JOINT
Caulked joints
- for bell-&-spigot Cast Iron Soil (CISP) & other similar joints
shall be firmly packed with oakum or hemp & filled with pig lead to a depth of not less than
25.4mm.
Threaded joints
- for Iron Pipe Size (IPS) pipe & fittings shall be standard taper
pipe threads. Threaded Plastic Pipe shall be Sch.80 min. wall thickness.
Wiped joints
- joints in lead pipe fittings or between lead pipe or fittings &
brass or copper pipe, ferrules, solder nipples or traps shall be full-wiped lead joints. Wiped
lead joints shall have an exposed surface on each side of a joint not less than 19mm & at
least as thick as the material being joined.
Solder & Sweat joints
- joints in copper tubing shall be made by the appropriate use of
approved brass or copper fittings. Solders & fluxes with a lead content which exceeds 0.002
are prohibited in piping systems used to convey potable water.
Flared joints
- for soft copper water tubing
Cement Mortar joints
- except for repairs & connections to existing lines constructed
with such joints such joints prohibited on new building sewers.
Burned Lead joints
- shall be fused together to form a uniform weld at lest thick as
the lead sheets being joined.
Asbestos Cement Sewer Pipe joints
- shall be a sleeve coupling of the same
composition as the pipe or of other approved materials, and sealed with neoprene rubber rings
or joined by approved type compression coupling
Mechanical joints
- shall be for Centrifugal Cast Iron water pipe.
Molded Rubber Coupling Joints - joined by means of molded neoprene rubber coupling
joints. Neoprene rubber shall be used in soils subject to oil intrussion.

Elastomeric Gasketed & Rubber-ring Joints

shall
conform
to
IAMPO
(International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials) Installation Standard.
Neoprene gaskets are recommended for oil handling piping works.
Pressure-Lock Type Connection - a mechanical connection which depends on an internal
retention device to prevent pipe or tubing separation. Connection is made by inserting the
pipe or tubing inside the filling to a prescribed depth.
Shielded Coupling & Hubless Cast Iron Pipe joints
- shall not be considered as slip
joints.
2. USE OF JOINTS
Clay Sewer pipes
- shall be joined with neoprene gasket for hub & spigot joints.
Screwed Pipe to Cast iron Pipe
- shall be either caulked or threaded
Lead to Cast Iron, Wrought Iron or Steel - shall be by means of wiped joints to caulking
ferrule, soldering nipple or bushing.
Copper Water Tube
- shall be joined by brass fittings properly soldered or brazed
together.
3. SPECIAL JOINTS
Copper Tubing to Screw Pipe Joints - shall be made by the use of brass adaptor fittings.
Joints between copper tubing & the fittings shall be properly sweated or soldered or made
with flared & screw ends adaptor fittings the connection between the treaded pipe & the
fitting made with a standard pipe size screw joint.
Slip joints
- may be used in fixture drains & traps.
Expansion joints - used in soil & waste stacks to provide necessary expansion &
contraction joints of the pipes for high-rise buildings.
4. FLANGED FIXTURE CONNECTIONS
Gasket Material shall be graphite-impregnated asbestos, felt, or similar approved types.
CHAPTER 14: QUALITY & WEIGHTS OF MATERIALS, PLUMBING MATERIALS & REFLECTED
STANDARDS
1. USE OF COPPER TUBING
Copper tube shall not be used for piping carrying chemical or industrial wastes
2. LEAD
Lead bends & lead traps shall not be less than 3.2mm in wall thickness.
3. CLOSET RINGS (CLOSET FLANGES)
Each such closet ring or closet flange shall be approximately 178mm in diameter, when
installed together with the soil pipe, present a 38mm wide flange & a groove face to receive
the fixture gasket or ball wax.
Caulked-on closet rings or closet flanges shall not be less than 6.4mm thick & not less than
51 in overall depth.
Four (4) bolts per water closet.
4. VALVES & FITTINGS
Drainage Gate Valves shall be:
Cast Iron bodies for 102mm or larger
Cast Brass or Bronze bodies for sizes less than 102mm
5. REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLUMBING MATERIALS
AHAM
- Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers
ANSI
- American National Standard Institute
ASME
- American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ASSE
- American Society of Sanitary Engineers
AWWA
- American Water Works Association
CISPI
- Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute
CS & PS - Commercial Standards & Product Standards
FS
- Federal Specifications
IAPMO
- International Association of Plumbing & Mechanical Officials
PDI
- Plumbing & Drainage Institute
PNS
- Philippine National Standard Certification Mark
UL
- Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
WQA
- Water Quality Association
ISO
- International Standard Organization
EN
- European Committee for Standardization Central Secratariat

6. PLUMBING MATERIALS (some)

ABS
- Acrylonitrile-Butadine-Styrene
DWV
- Drain, Waste & Vent
CPVC
- Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride
UPVC
- Unplasticized Polyvinyl Chloride
CPE
- Chlorinated Polyethylene
APPENDIX A: RECOMMENDED RULES FOR SIZING THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

1. GENERAL
Velocities shall not exceed 3m/sec of the maximum values given in the appropriate
installation standard.
Allowances in Equivalent Length of Pipe shall be based on non-recessed threaded fittings.
For recessed threaded fittings or streamline solder fittings, use 1/2 the allowances.
2. DEMAND WEIGHT OF FIXTURES IN WATER SUPPLY FIXTURE UNITS
The weights for maximum separate demands may be taken as 75% of the demand for supply.
APPENDIX B: PRIVATE SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS

1. GENERAL
Where permitted by the rules & regulations of the Department of Environment & Natural
Resources (DENR). The building sewer may be connected to a private sewage disposal
system & shall be determined:
Basis of location
Soil porosity
Ground water level
The system shall consist of a septic tank with effluent discharging into a subsurface disposal
field, into one (1) or more seepage pits or into a combination of subsurface disposal field
& seepage pits.
2. CAPACITY OF SEPTIC TANKS
The capacity of any one septic tank & its drainage system shall be limited by the soil
structure classification.
3. AREA OF DISPOSAL FIELDS & SEEPAGE PITS
When disposal fields are installed, it shall have:
Minimum of 14m2 of trench bottom shall be provided for each system
Side wall area of the required 304.8mm & not to be exceed 914.4mm below leach line
When leaching beds are permitted in lieu of trenches:
The area of each such bed shall be at least 50% greater than the tubular requirements for
trenches.
Side wall area of the required 304.8mm & not to be exceed 914.4mm below leach line
No excavation for a leach line or leach bed shall extend within 1.5m of the water table.
No excavation for a seepage pit shall extend within 3m of the water table.
4. SEPTIC TANK CONSTRUCTION
Septic tanks shall have a min. of 2 compartments
Inlet compartment of any septic tank shall not be less than 2/3 of the total capacity of the
tank.
Secondary compartment of any septic tank shall have a min. capacity of 1m3 & max.
capacity of 1/3 the total capacity of the tank.
0.9m x 1.5m Min. dimension
0.6m min & 1.8m max. depth
Septic tanks having over 6m3 capacity, secondary compartment of such septic tank shall
have a min. 1.5m length.
Septic tanks shall have a min. of 2 manholes with 508mm min. dimension
Whenever a first compartments exceeds 3.7min length, additional manhole shall be
provided.
Size of the vertical leg of a round inlet & outlet fittings shall not be less than the size of the
connecting sewer nor less than 104.6mm. a baffle type fitting shall not be less than the size
of the connecting sewer nor less than 106.6mm hor. dimension from inlet & outlet pipe
inverts.
The inlet & outlet pipe or baffle shall extend 101.6mm above & at least 304.8mm below the
water surface. The invert of the inlet pipe shall be at level not less than 50.8mm above the
invert of the outlet pipe.

5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Side walls shall extend at least 228.6mm above the liquid depth. The cover of the septic
tank shall be at least 50.8mm above the back vent openings.
Partitions or baffles between compartments shall be of solid durable material & shall extend
at least 101.6mm above the liquid level.
CONCRETE SEPTIC TANKS
Shall have bituminous coating or by other approve means extending at least 101.6mm below
the water line.
STEEL SEPTIC TANKS
Shall have a of No.12 U.S. Ga. (2.8mm) min. thickness & shall have bituminous coating or
by other approve means extending at least 101.6mm below the water line.
DISPOSAL FIELDS
When seepage pits are used in combination with disposal fields, the filter material in trenches
shall terminate at least 1.5m from the pit excavation.
The inverts of all outlets shall be level & the invert of the inlet shall be at least 25.4mm
above the outlets.
SEEPAGE PITS
Shall be circular in shape & shall have an excavated diameter of 2.2m min.
Shall have a sidewall of 3m min. below inlet.
Concrete slab covering of 127mm min. thickness.
228.6mm min. inspection hole.
CESSPOOLS
May be installed for single family dwellings where it is established that a public sewer system
will be available in less than two (2) years.
Shall have a sidewall of 3m min. below inlet provided a strata of gravel or equally pervious
material of 1.2m in thickness is found therein. But in cases without such conditions, sidewall
may be increased to 6.1m min. below the inlet.
COMMMERCIAL or INDUSTRIAL SPECIAL LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL
Interceptors shall have not less than two (2) compartments.
TYPES OF WATER CLOSET
*Nothing Follows*


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NATIONAL PLUMBING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

( Republic Act 1378 = the Plumbing Law )

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National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

1. APPLICATION FOR PERMITS

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National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

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National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

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National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

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National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

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National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

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National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

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National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

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National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

1. GRADE OF HORIZONTAL PIPING

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5. HANGERS & SUPPORTS

1. MATERIALS GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

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Continuous waste or waste & overflow shall not be less than:

INSPECTION & TEST

National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

WATER SUPPLY & DISTRIBUTION

1. BACKFLOW PREVENTION DEVICES, ASSEMBLIES, & METHODS

- the minimum air gap to provide backflow protection.

Lavatories & other fixtures with effective openings

REDUCED PRESSURE PRINCIPLE BACKFLOW PREVENTION ASSEMBLY (RP)

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Number of Water Supply

National Plumbing Code of the Philippines

EXCRETA DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Trap & Trap

3. CHANGES IN DIRECTION OF EXCRETA DRAINAGE FLOW

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Cleanouts may be omitted:

INDIRECT WASTE PIPING, WET VENTED SYSYTEMS & SPECIAL WASTES

1. INDIRECT WASTE CONDITIONS

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4. STEAM & HOT WATER DRAINAGE CONDENSERS & SUMPS

VENTS & VENTING

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Each vent opening shall:

CHAPTER 10: TRAPS & INTERCEPTORS

CHAPTER 11: STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM

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CHAPTER 12: HOUSE DRAINS & HOUSE SEWERS

CHAPTER 13: JOINTS & CONNECTIONS

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National Plumbing Code of the Philippines