034-Saferad Procedure

INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION
&TRAINING SERVICES (IITS)
SARERAD
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INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION & TRAINING

SERVICES (IITS)
SAFERAD PROCEDURE
IITS/SRP/034 Rev. A
IITS
20/4/2016
House 162, Road 1, DOHS Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216, BANGLADESH

Mobile: +880-1967-700721, E-mail: info@iitsbd.com , Web: www.iitsbd.com Page
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This document and all the information contained herein are the confidential
property of Industrial Inspection & Training Services (IITS), and may not be
reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to express written
authorization by Industrial Inspection & Training Services (IITS).

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SAFERAD PROCEDURE
Rev
A
Date
20/4/2016
Prepared By
Ashikur
Rahman
Approved By
Sirajul
Islam
Status
Release
Summary:
This Procedure defines the Saferad Testing (SRP) techniques to determine a
material's internal volumetric integrity.
Reviewed & Approved By:
Sirajul Islam
April 20, 2016
ASNT NDT Level III, #183396
EN ISO 9712 Level III # 08794-2014-02
This document and all the information contained herein are the confidential property of Industrial Inspection
& Training Services (IITS), and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner
prior to express written authorization by Industrial Inspection & Training Services (IITS).

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
Description
Purpose
Scope
References
Personnel
Definition
Safety
Qualification Of personnel
Preparation
Tools & Equipment
Procedure
Acceptance Criteria
Documentation
Attachments
Report Format
Page
04
04
04
04
05
05
06
06
06
08
16
25
25
30

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1.0
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PURPOSE
This procedure describes the proper method of carrying out Saferad Testing of materials
including castings and welds
2.0 SCOPE
This procedure describes the radiographic methods to be employed by IITS for the
Radiographic Inspection of butt welds in accordance with ASME Section V.
3.0
4.0
REFERENCES
ANSI/ASME Section V , Article-2 : Radiographic Examination
ANSI / ASME B31.1 - Inspection, Examination, and Testing
ANSI / ASME B31.3 - Inspection. Examination. and Testing
ANSI / ASME Sec.1 Inspection and Tests
ANSI / ASME Sec. VIII, Div. I Inspection and Tests
ANSI/ASME B 31.4 - Inspection, Examination, and Testing
ASTM E-747 Standard practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping
Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicator ( IQI ) Used for Radiography
ASTM E-94 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination
ANSI / AWS D1.1 - 2008 Edition
API-1104 2008 Edition
API-650 2008 Edition.
DIN 54 109- Latest Edition
ISO 1027 Latest Edition
SNT-TC-1A 2011 Edition
IITS/WP/01
PERSONNEL
4.1
Personnel responsible for NDT activities shall be certified to Level III in the
applicable NDT test methods in accordance ASNT or ISO 9712 requirements.
4.2
NDE personnel performing NDT test and interpreting test result shall be qualified and
certified in accordance with Industrial Inspection & Training Services (IITS)
written practice IITS/WP/001 or a written practice that satisfies ASNT
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011), CP 189 (2011)
Or EN 473 Non-Destructive Testing -Qualification and Certification of NDT
Personnel -General Principles
or equivalent,
4.3
Personnel evaluating and interpreting indications, and reporting test results shall
satisfy the Level II requirements as a minimum.

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5.0
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4.4
All personnel performing radiographic film interpretation shall have passed IITS,
internal Level II Film Interpretation Examination
4.5
Level I personnel may participate in inspection activities in order to train as required

prior to certifying as a Level II NDT technician. They shall be under the direct
supervision of Level II or Level III personnel during the inspection activities.
DEFINITION
Client Company or organization for whom IITS performing the work.
6.0
NDE
Non-Destructive Examination
ASNT
American Society for Non-Destructive Testing
PCN
Personnel Certification Scheme for Non-Destructive Testing
CSWIP
Certification Scheme for Weld Inspection Personnel
IQI
Image Quality Indicator
SAFETY
5.1
All Radiographic work shall be carried out in accordance with Statutory Safety
Requirements of IITS Radiation Protection Program/Safety Standing Instructions that
was approved by IITS ASNT NDT Level-3. Adherence to these regulations is
mandatory.
5.2 Special precautions must be taken to protect personnel from radiation hazards. The
assigned person performing the examination must be aware of the special precautions,
including barricading of the exposure area.
5.3
The detail work procedures in this program require that all inspection activities be
conducted such that all risks to safety health and the environments are minimized to
an acceptable level. Therefore the following requirement should be met;
i.
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) be undertaken for all inspection work procedures
(Refer to IITS/RPP/008 attached).
ii.
Safe work procedures shall be documented for inspection procedures. These

should clearly cover permit requirement, protective equipments and
requirements for working at heights and in confine space areas.

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7.0
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QUALIFICATION OF PERSONNEL
Radiographic Inspection work shall be carried our by two Radiographers. The technicians
shall be required to hold the followings;
a) Radiographer
A Valid Certificate Proficiency in Radiography Level II to a

recognize qualification and certification scheme.
b) Radiographic Interpreter
A current Certificate of Proficiency in Radiography Level II,

Level III, or Radiographic Interpreter to a recognized
qualification and certification scheme.
The following recognized qualification and certification scheme may be used for the purpose
of qualification and certification of personnel:a) ASNT (in accordance with the IITS written practice)
b) PCN/CSWIP
Alternative qualifications shall only be acceptable with the prior consent of the Client and
Companys Level III
8.0
PREPARATION
Saferad (Radiography) Inspection shall only be carried out on welds which has visually
inspected and any remedial work necessary is completed and accepted by the Client In
addition, the Radiographer inspects the weld surface for any irregularities that may mask or
confuse interpretation of the final radiograph.
9.0
RADIOGRAPHIC TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

For Saferad (Radiography) work, Se-75 Saferad or equivalent Containers and remote
Control Wind outs will be used9.1
LOCATION OF DATUM
All welds will be positively marked datum and each portion under examination shall
be positively identified by marking along the length of the weld.

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This may be achieved by taking measurements along the length of the weld from an
agreed datum. For tubular structure, the 'clock face' method shall be employed and the
datum line shall be positioned, as follows:
For horizontal and inclined tubular structure, the datum is the highest point in the
joint when viewed from the lower numbered joint
For vertical tubular structure, the datum is north, when the join is viewed vertically
downwards.
In all cases the datum shall be indelibly marked on the welds. A meter band
incorporating lead numerals along the weld shall be utilized to allow positive location
of any discontinuity.
9.2
CASSETTES
Flexible envelope cassettes shall be used unless specifically stated otherwise.
Ensure close Film-To-Screen and Cassette-To-Object Contact
The use of pre-pack film with integral metal screens may be used with written
agreement from the client
9.3
FILM
9.3.1
Type of Film
Radiographs shall be made using industrial radiographic film and shall be
selected from Table I below.
Table 1: Selection of Radiographic Film
Class of Film
Brand
Type
Size of Film used
I
(high sensitive film)
Agfa
Kodak
D4
MX
3.5 X 8.5
3.5 X 17
4.5 X 10
4.5 X 17
14 x 17
II
(sensitive film)
Agfa
Kodak
D7
CX
3.5 X 8.5
3.5 X 17
4.5 X 10
4.5 X 17
14 x 17

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Films shall have sufficient length and shall be placed to produced at least 13 mm of film
expose to direct radiation beyond each edge where the weld is terminated
9.3.2 Overlap
If more than one film is required in single exposure, overlapping cassettes
shall be used. Radiographs shall have 25 mm overlap at each end to ensure
that no portion of the joint remains unexamined. There shall be a specific lead
marker visible on both radiographs in the overlap.
9.4
SCREENS
Lead intensifying screens shall be used. The front screen thickness shall normally be
0.125 mm and rear will normally be 0.125 mm.
Screen shall be examined and cleaned on a regular basis (every time before film
loading) for dirt or blemishes that may transfer onto the film thus confusion with and
masking of defect images.
9.5
10.0
GAMMA RAY SOURCE

The Selenium-75, an artificial isotope with a half-life of 119.8 days shall be used.
9.5.1
Source Size
The size of Se-75 source shall be as per stated in the suppliers decay curves
i.e diameter 3.0 mm, length 3.0 mm and diagonal 4.24 mm
9.5.2
Source Strength
For safety reasons the maximum source strength in every container is limit to
80 curies (3 Tbq)
RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE.
10.1
Radiographic Inspection techniques

Radiographic Inspection techniques shall be carried out in accordance with the
current edition of ASME section V Article 2.
A single-wall exposure technique shall be used for radiography whenever practical.
When it is not practical to use a single-wall technique, a double-wall technique shall
be used. An adequate number of exposures shall be made to demonstrate that the
required coverage has been obtained.

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10.1.1 Single-Wall Technique

In the single-wall technique, the radiation passes through on one wall of the
weld (material), which is viewed for acceptance on the radiograph.
10.1.2 Double-Wall Technique.
When it is not practical to use a single-wall technique, one of the following
double-wall techniques shall be used.
a)
Single-Wall Viewing
For materials and for welds in components, a technique may be used in
which the radiation passes through two walls and only the weld
(material) on the film-side wall is viewed for acceptance on the
radiograph. When complete coverage is required for circumferential
welds (materials), a minimum of three exposures taken 120 deg. to
each other shall be made.
b)
Double-Wall Viewing.
For materials and for welds in components 3 1/2 in. (89 mm) or less in
nominal outside diameter, a technique may be used in which the
radiation passes through two walls and the weld (material) in both
walls is viewed for acceptance on the same radiograph. For doublewall viewing, only a source-side IQI shall be used. Care should be
exercised to ensure that the required geometric un-sharpness is not
exceeded. If the geometric un-sharpness requirement cannot be met,
then single-wall viewing shall be used.
i.
For welds, the radiation beam may be offset from the plane of
the weld at an angle sufficient to separate the images of the
source-side and film-side portions of the weld so that there is
no overlap of the areas to be interpreted. When complete
coverage is required, a minimum of two exposures taken 90
deg to each other shall be made for each joint.
ii.
As an alternative, the weld may be radiograph with the

radiation beam positioned so that the images of both walls are
superimposed. When complete coverage is required, a
minimum of three exposures taken at either 60 deg or 120
deg to each other shall be made for each joint.
iii.
Additional exposures shall be made if the required

radiographic coverage cannot be obtained using the minimum
number of exposures indicated in (i) or (ii) above.

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10.3
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GEOMETRIC RELATIONSHIPS
10.3.1 The geometric un-sharpness of the radiograph shall be determined in
accordance in accordance with:Geometric un-sharpness,
Ug = Fd/(S-d)
Where Ug - geometric un-sharpness

F - focal spot size of source size
d - object to film distance
S - focal spot-to-film distance (x-ray) or source-to-film distance
(Gamma Ray)
10.3.2 Geometric Un-sharpness of the radiograph shall not exceed the Ug value in
table 2 below and the value of geometric un-sharpness shall be recorded in the
report.
Table 2: Maximum Geometric Un-sharpness
Material Thickness, mm
Under 50.8
50.8 through 76.2
Over 76.2 through 101.6
Greater than 101.6
Ug Maximum, mm
0.51
0.76
1.02
1.78
Material thickness is the thickness on which the IQI is based. This shall be the base metal or
parent metal plus the maximum allowable reinforcement. For welds at transition thickness,
material thickness shall be the thinner base metal.
10.4
IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS (IQI)

10.4.1 Selection of IQI
The IQI provides a guide to the quality of radiographs produced and shall be
appropriately chosen from one of the types recommended in ASME Section
V Article 2 (As per Table 3 & 3a below).

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Table 3: Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameter And Wire Identity

Set A
Set B
Set C
Set D
Wire
Diameter,
in
Mm
Wire
Identity
Wire
Diameter,
in
mm
Wire
Identity
Wire
Diameter,
in
mm
Wire
Identity
Wire
Diameter,
in
mm
Wire
Identity
0.0032
0.004
0.005
0.0063
0.008
0.010
0.08
0.01
0.13
0.16
0.20
0.25
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.010
0.013
0.016
0.020
0.025
0.032
0.25
0.33
0.41
0.51
0.64
0.81
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.032
0.040
0.050
0.063
0.080
0.100
0.81
1.02
1.27
1.60
2.03
2.54
11
12
13
14
15
16
0.100
0.126
0.160
0.200
0.250
0.320
2.54
3.20
4.06
5.08
6.35
8.13
16
17
18
19
20
21
Table 3a: IQI Selection

________________________________________________________________________________
_
IQI
Source Side
Material Thickness Range
In.
mm
Hole-Type
Designation
Wire-Type
Essential
Film Side
Hole-Type
Designation
Wire-Type
Essential Wire
Up to 0.25, incl.
Up to 6.4, incl.
12
5
10
4
15
6
12
5
17
7
15
6
20
8
17
7
25
9
20
8
30
10
25
9
35
11
30
10
40
12
35
11
50
13
40
12
60
14
50
13
80
16
60
14
100
17
80
16
120
18
100
17
160
20
120
18
200
21
160
20
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
a)
Source Side IQI(s)

The IQI(s) shall be placed on the source side of the part being examined, except in the
condition described in 12.2 b.
b)
Film Side IQI(s)

Where inaccessibility prevents hand placing the IQI(s) on the source side it shall be
placed on the film side in contact with the part being examined. A lead letter 'F at
least as high as the IQI identification numbers) shall be paced adjacent the IQI(s).
Radiography shall be performed with a technique of sufficient sensitivity to display the IQI image
and the designated or smallest wire for required sensitivity, which are essential indications of the
image quality of the radiograph. The radiographs shall also display the identifying number and
letters.

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Number of Image Quality Indicator (IQI)

IQI shall show clearly on each radiograph. For a radiograph represents greater
than 5 of weld length, two IQIs shall be placed; one at either end of the weld
and another in middle of interested area. For radiograph represents less than or
equal to 5 of weld length, one IQI shall be placed at any end of the weld
length. IQI shall be perpendicular to the joint with the smallest wire on the
outer edge of the area being radiographed.
Figure 1 and Figure 2 illustrate the arrangement of lQI(s) locations.
For tubular structure, the following exception minimum number and required
locations of IQI shall be followed:-
10.5
a)
Where the source is located at the center of the tubular structure and
one or more film holders are used for a single exposure of complete
circumference
(Panoramic Technique), at least three Image Quality Indicator (IQI)
shall be spaced approximately 120 apart
b)
Where the source is placed at the center of the component (SingleWall Single-Image Viewing) and four or more film holders are used
for a single exposure of a section of the circumference, at least three
Image Quality Indicator (IQI) shall be used. One IQI shall be placed at
the center of the section exposed and one each at the end.
c)
Where the source is located on the axis of the object (Double-Wall

Single Viewing Technique) and three or more film holders are used for
an exposure of a circumferential weld, at least three Image Quality
Indicator (IQI) shall be used. One IQI shall be in the approximate
center of the section exposed and one at each end.
SENSITIVITY
The required sensitivity for each radiograph shall be based on ASME Standard as in
Table 3a Wire Type IQI. Radiography shall be performed with a technique of
sufficient sensitivity to display the designated the essential wire of a wire IQI. The
radiographs shall also display the IQI identifying numbers and letters
10.6
FILM DENSITY
For each radiograph made, film Density will be measured adjacent to the designated
wire of a wire IQI and the area of interest shall be 1.8 minimum for single film
viewing for radiographs made with an X-ray source and 2.0 minimum for radiographs

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made with a gamma ray source. The maximum density shall be 4.0 for either single of
composite viewing.
10.7
EXCESSIVE BACKSCATTER
A lead symbol B with dimensions of in. (13 mm) in height and 1/16 in. (1.6 mm)
in thickness shall be attached to the back of each film holder during each exposure to
determine if backscatter radiation is exposing the film. If a light image of the B,
appears on a darker background of the radiograph, protection from backscatter is
insufficient and the radiograph shall be considered unacceptable. A dark image of the
B on a background is not cause for rejection.
10.8
FILM PROCESSING
This shall be carried out in accordance with the recognized good practice. Processing
shall be carried out using the standard developer and fixer solutions, and shall be in
accordance with manufacturers recommendationsThe performance of the processing will be checked daily using control strips of X-ray
film exposed to a known density change is marked on a process control chart. Upper
and lower limits are marked on the chart to provide controls against which the plot
can be monitored. The results are interpreted and corrective action taken if necessary.
The radiographs will be free from imperfections due to processing or any other
defects that would interfere with interpretation.
10.8.1 Developing Time/Temperature
Time and temperature are important factors in development. Typically, a
temperature of 68 oF (20 oC) is used with a development time of between 5
and 8 minutes. As the temperature of the solution is increased, the speed at
which the alkali penetrates is also increased. The details of developing time is
as tabulated in Table 4.

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Table 4:
Standard Developing Time
Developer Temperature Developer Temperature
(oC )
(oF )
16
61
17
63
18
64
19
66
20
68
21
70
22
72
23
73
24
75
25
77
26
79
27
81
28
82
29
84
30
86
31
88
32
90
33
91
34
93
10.9
Developer Time
(minutes)
7.0
6.5
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.8
3.5
3.3
3.0
2.8
2.5
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.3
1.0
FILM IDENTIFICATION
Each film will be identified by the use of lead symbols to indicate the following minimum
information:a)
The job or work-piece
b)
The joint
c)
The section of the joint
d)
The date of the test
e)
The welder identification
10.10 VIEWING CONDITION
The radiographs shall be examined in a darkened room. The radiograph viewer shall
provide a light source sufficient for the essential IQI wire/hole to be visible for the
specific density range. The light from around the outer edges of the radiographs will
be masked.

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10.11INTERPRETATION OF RADIOGRAPHS
A calibrated densitometer or calibrated density strip will be kept in close proximity to
the viewer and a spot high-density illuminator will be available. All comments with
regard to film quality and interpretation will recorded on the film folder and on the
radiographic report form.
The density of density strips and densitometer calibration shall be verified by
comparison with a calibrated step wedge film traceable to a national standard. The
densitometer shall be calibrated in accordance with paragraph 5 of ASTM E-1079,
calibration of Transmission Densitometers.
Indication from defects shall be assessed in accordance with the requirements of the
latest edition Referencing Code section.

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ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
ASME SEC I, Paragraph PW-51, ASME SEC VIII D1, ASME B31.1, Paragraph
136.4.5, API STD 650
Table 1-1 Maximum Discontinuity Size Allowed
ASME SEC I;
ASME B31.1
Defect
ASME SEC VIII D1,

Para. UW-51; API STD
650
ASME SEC VIII D1, Paragraph UW-52
Crack
None
None
None
Lack of
Fusion
None
None
None
Incomplete
Penetration
Indications
None
None
None
6.0 mm (") for t up to 19.0

mm (") inclusive;
1/3t for t from 19.0 mm (")
to 57.0 mm (2") inclusive;
19 mm (") for t over 57 mm
(2")
2/3 t where t is the thickness of the weld

excluding allowed reinforcement
Group of
Aligned
Indications
aggregate length greater

than t in a length of 12t,
except when the distance
between successive
indications exceeds 6L
where L is the longest
indication in the group
6.0 mm (") for t up to

19.0 mm (");
1/3t for t from 19.0 mm
(") to 57.0 mm (2")
inclusive;
19 mm (") for t over 57
mm (2")
aggregate length greater
than t in a length of 12t,
except when the distance
between successive
indications exceeds 6L
where L is the longest
indication in the group
Porosity &
Rounded
Indications
Tungsten
Refer to Table 2-2 of this

Appendix

Appendix

Appendix

Appendix.
Root
Concavity
Unacceptable if the density

is greater than that of the
parent material.
the sum of the longest dimensions of all

such indications is < t in a length of 6t & the
longest indications are separated by 3L
where L is the length of the longest
indication. The maximum length of
acceptable indication shall be ". Any such
indication shorter than " shall be
acceptable for any plate thickness.
Round indications are not a factor unless
100% examination is required.
Rounded tungsten inclusions are to be
evaluated as rounded indications per UW51. Elongated and aligned tungsten
inclusions are unacceptable.
**Rounded Indications shall be judged against the standards set forth in ASME SEC VIII
D1, Appendix 4.

19
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M
M
M
M
X
L
K
NA
K
K
X
K
A
A
NA
..
..
..
..
J
A
A
A
A
A
A
X
A
F
F
A
A
A
A
X
A
D
D
..
..
..
..
..
F
A
A
NA
..
..
.
D
Girth and
Miter
grove
NA
B
NA
A
C
X
A
NA
A
NA
A
C
X
A
A
A
A
Longitudi
nal grove
[note (2)]
Fillet
[ note
(3)]
Type of weld
Branch
connecti
on [note(4)]
Method
Visual
Longitudi
nal grove
[note (2)]
Fillet
[ note
(3)]
Type of weld
Category D Fluid service
Branch
connecti
on [note(4)]
Girth and
Miter
grove
Service cyclic condition
Criteria (A to M) for type of welds for service conditions and for required Examination method ( note 1)
ASME B31.3
The type of weld joints and service conditions shall be considered to determine the method of NDE
required. Table 2-1 is to be used with all notes and is included with this SAEP for radiographic film
interpretation.
Porosity - Refer to Table 1.1 of this appendix.

20
..
..
..
X
L
L
L
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
X
X
K
NA
K
X
.
..
..
X
..
..
..
X
..
..
..
..
..
X
A
A
A
Visual
..
..
X
X
H
H
A
Spot
random
RT
.
..
X
..
G
NA
G
SIRAJUL ISLAM
..
X
..
E
NA
E
Approved by
X
X
B
NA
B
X
X
X
A
X
X
X
X
IITS/SRP/034
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Methods
Girth and
Miter
grove
Longitudi
nal grove
[note (2)]
Fillet
[ note
(3)]
Branch
connecti
on [note(4)]
Type of weld
Normal Fluid Service
Visual
100% RT
Magnetic
Particle
Liquid
Penetran
t
Methods
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21
SIRAJUL ISLAM
Reinforcement or
Internal protrusion
Approved by
Concave root
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Surface Finish
Surface Po & Slug
Undercut
Slag
Internal Porosity
Kind of defect
Incomplete Penetrant
Crack
Lack of Fusion
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Table 2-2 Acceptance Criteria for Table 2-1
Symbol
Measure
Acceptable Value Limits (Note 6)
Extent of imperfection
Zero (no evident imperfection)
Depth of incomplete penetration
0.8 mm (1/32 in.) and 0.2Tw
Cumulative length of incomplete penetration

38 mm (1.5 in.) in any 150 mm (6 in.) weld length
C
Depth of lack of fusion and
0.2Tw
incomplete penetration
Cumulative length of lack of fusion and incomplete
38 mm (1.5 in.) in any 150 mm (6 in.) weld length
penetration [Note (7)]
D
Size and distribution of internal
See BPV Code, Section VIII,
porosity
Division 1, Appendix 4
E
Size and distribution of internal
For Tw 6.4 mm ( in.), limit is
porosity
same as D
For Tw > 6.4 mm ( in.), limit is 1.5
XD
F
Slag inclusion or elongated
Tw/3
indication
2.4 mm (3/32 in.) and Tw/3
Individual length
Tw in any 12Tw weld length
Individual width
Cumulative length
G
Slag inclusion or elongated
2Tw
indication
3.2 mm (1/8 in.) and Tw/2
Individual length
4Tw in any 150 mm (6 in.) weld
Individual width
length
Cumulative length
H
Depth of undercut
0.8 mm (1/32 in.) and Tw/4
I
Depth of undercut
1.6 mm (1/16 in.) and Tw/4 or 0.8

mm (1/32 in.)
Surface roughness
< 500 min. Ra per ASME B46.1
Depth of root surface concavity
Height of reinforcement or internal

protrusion [Note (8)] in any plane
through the weld shall be within
limits of the applicable height value
in the tabulation at right. Weld
metal shall merge smoothly into the
component surfaces.
Height of reinforcement or internal
protrusion [Note (8)] as describe in
L
Tungsten Inclusions
Total joint thickness, incl. weld

reinf., Tw
For Tw mm (in.) Height, mm (in.)
6.4 () 1.6 (1/16)
> 6.4 (), 12.7 () 3.2 (1/8)
> 12.7 (), 25.4 (1) 4.0 (5/32)
> 25.4 (1) 4.8 (3/16)
M
**
Limit is 2L
To be evaluated as rounded
indications. Elongated or aligned
tungsten inclusions are

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unacceptable.
Tw = Nominal wall thickness of the thinner of two components joined by a butt weld
Notes:
(1) Criteria given are for required examination. More stringent criteria may be specified
in the engineering design. See also paragraphs. 341.5 and 341.5.3 of ASME/ANSI B31.3
(2) Longitudinal groove weld includes straight and spiral seam. Criteria are not
intended to apply to welds made in accordance with a standard listed in Table A-I or
Table 326.1 of ASME B31.1.
(3) Fillet weld includes socket and seal welds, and attachment for slip-on flanges and
branch reinforcement.
(4) Branch connection weld includes pressure containing welds in branches and
fabricated laps.
(5) These imperfections are evaluated only for welds 5 mm (3/16 in.) in nominal
thickness.
(6) Where two limiting values are separated by "and", the lesser of the values
determines acceptance. Where two sets of values are separated by "or", the larger
value is acceptable.
(7) Tightly butted unfused root faces are unacceptable.
(8) For groove welds, height is the lesser of the measurements made from the surfaces
of the adjacent components. For fillet welds, height is measured from the theoretical
throat, Fig. 328.5.2A, of ASME/ANSI B31.3 internal protrusion does not apply

23
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API STD1104, ASME/ANSI B31.4, ASME/ANSI B31.8
Table 3-1 is applicable in determining the size and type of discontinuities when
viewing radiographs for final acceptance in accordance with API STD 1104,
ASME/ANSI B31.4, Paragraph 434.8.5, and ASME/ANSI B31.8.
Indication/Defect
Unacceptable if any of the following conditions exist:
Inadequate Penetration
1. Length of an individual indication of IP exceeds 25.4
(IP)
mm (1.0").
(without high-low)
2. The aggregate length of indications of IP in any
continuous 304.8 mm (12") length of weld exceeds 25.4
mm (1.0").
3. The aggregate length of indications of IP exceeds 8%
of the weld length in any weld less than 304.8 mm (12")
in length.
Inadequate Penetration
1. Length of an individual indication of IPD exceeds 50.8
due to High-Low (IPD)
mm (2.0").
2. The aggregate length of indications of IP in any
mm (3.0").
Incomplete Fusion (IF)
1. Length of an individual indication of IF exceeds 25.4
mm (1.0").
2. The aggregate length of indications of IF in any
mm (1.0").
3. The aggregate length of indications of IF exceeds 8%
of the weld length in any weld less than 304.8 mm (12")
in length.
Incomplete Fusion due
1. Length of an individual indication of IFD exceeds 50.8
to Cold Lap (IFD)
mm (2.0").
2. The aggregate length of indications of IFD in any
mm (2.0").
3. The aggregate length of indications of IFD exceeds
8% of the weld length.
Internal Concavity (IC)
Any length of IC is acceptable provided the density of
the radiographic image of the IC does not exceed that of
the thinnest adjacent base metal. For areas that exceed
the density of the thinnest adjacent base metal, the
criteria for burn through are applicable.
Burn-Through (BT)
Pipe OD 2-3/8"
Pipe OD < 2-3/8"
1. Maximum dimension exceeds
1. Maximum
6.35 mm (") and the density of
dimension exceeds
the BT's image exceeds that of the 6.35 mm (") and
thinnest adjacent base metal
the density of the
2. Maximum dimension exceeds
BT's image
the thinner of nominal wall
exceeds that of the
thicknesses joined, and the density thinnest adjacent
of the BT's image exceeds that of
base metal
the thinnest adjacent base metal
2. Maximum

24
SARERAD
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3. Sum of maximum dimensions of
separate BTs whose image density
exceeds that of the thinnest
adjacent base metal exceeds 12.7
mm (") in 304.8 mm (12") of
weld or the total weld length,
whichever is less.
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dimension exceeds
the thinner of
nominal wall
thicknesses joined,
and the density of
the BT's image
exceeds that of the
thinnest adjacent
base metal
3. More than one
BT of any size is
present and the
density of more
than one of the
images exceeds
that of the thinnest
adjacent base
metal.
Pipe OD < 2-3/8"
Unacceptable if:
1. ESI > 3 X
nominal WT of the
thinner thickness
joined.
2. ESI width >
1/16"
3. Sum of ISI
lengths > 2 X
nominal WT of
thinner thickness
joined and ISI
width > nominal
WT of thinner
thickness joined.
4. Aggregate
length of ESI & ISI
> 8% of weld
length.
Slag Inclusions
Elongated (ESI)
Isolated (ISI)
Note: ESI indications
separated by approx.
width of root bead
(wagon tracks) to be
considered as a single
indication unless the
width of either > 1/32".
In that event, they shall
be considered as
separate indications.
Pipe OD 2-3/8"
Unacceptable if:
1. ESI length > 2"
2. ESI width > 1/16"
3. Sum of the lengths of ISI > " in
12" of weld.
4. Width of ISI > 1/8"
5. > 4 ISI with maximum width of
1/8" in any 12" of weld.
6. Sum of the lengths of ESI & ISI >
8% of weld length.
Porosity - individual /
Scattered (P)
Note: Size based on
maximum dimensions
Unacceptable if:
1. Size of individual pore > 1/8"
2. Size of individual pore > 25% of thinner WT joined
3. Distribution of Porosity exceeds API STD 1104 Porosity
Charts.
Unacceptable if:
1. CP dia. > "
2. Aggregate length of CP > " in any continuous 12" of
weld
3. An individual pore within a cluster > 1/16" in size.
Porosity - Cluster (CP)

25
Porosity - Hollow-Bead
(HB)
Cracks (C)
Undercutting
Adjacent to cover pass
(EU)
Adjacent to root pass
(IU)
Tungsten Inclusions
Accumulation of
Discontinuities
Excluding IPD, EU & IU
Pipe / Fitting
Discontinuities
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Unacceptable if:
1. Length of individual HB > "
2. Sum of HB lengths > 2" in any continuous 12" of weld
3. Individual HB > " separated by < 2"
4. Sum of HB lengths > 8% weld length.
Any size or location of cracks are unacceptable except
for shallow crater or star cracks. Shallow crater or star
crack length > 5/32" is unacceptable.
Unacceptable if:
1. Any combination EU & IU length > 2" in any
continuous 12" of weld.
2. Sum of EU & IU lengths in any combination > 1/6 of
weld length.
Individual tungsten inclusions are be evaluated as
rounded indications (Porosity). Elongated or aligned
tungsten inclusions are unacceptable.
Unacceptable if:
1. Sum lengths of indications > 2" in any continuous 12"
of weld.
2. Sum lengths of indication > 8% of weld length.
Arc burns, long seam discontinuities and other
discontinuities in the pipe or fittings detected by RT shall
be recordable
AWS D1.1
Radiographic acceptance criteria for AWS D1.1 is different for Statically Loaded and Dynamically
Loaded structures. This SAEP covers only statically loaded structures. For Dynamically loaded
structures, refer to the appropriate sections of AWS D1.1. If there is doubt as to the designation of
statically or dynamically loaded, refer to the project engineer for determination. The radiographic film
interpreter should confirm the loading classification prior to proceeding the interpretation of film.
Rejection criteria for Statically loaded structures are provided below. Note that to determine the
allowable and rejectable size of discontinuities, the use of both the tables and charts are required.
Statically Loaded Structures
Table 4-1 (AWS D1.1 Paragraph 8.15.3.2) and figure 4-1 together establish the
rejection criteria for radiographic indications of statically loaded structures.
Discontinuities exceeding the following limitations shall be unacceptable. (E = weld
size; T = material thickness)
Table 4-1 Rejection Criteria for Statically Loaded Structures, AWS D1.1
Para 8.15.3.2
Indication
Rejection Criteria
Cracks
None permitted
Elongated Discontinuities
> maximum size of chart 4-1
Clearance between discontinuities
< minimum clearance allowance of fig 4-1
Rounded Discontinuities
> E/3 or > " for T 2"

> E/3 or > 3/8" for T > 2"

26
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Isolated Discontinuity, i.e., a cluster of rounded

indications
Sum of Individual Discontinuities

each being < 3/32"
In-Line Discontinuities
Tungsten Inclusions
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Minimum clearance between a rounded discontinuity >

3/32" to an acceptable rounded or elongated
discontinuity or to an edge or end of an intersection shall
be three (3) times the larger discontinuity.
Sum of greatest dimension > maximum size of a single
discontinuity permitted in Fig. 4-1.
Minimum clearance to another cluster or elongated
discontinuity or to an edge or end of an intersecting shall
be three (3) times the larger discontinuity.
shall not exceed 2E/3 or 3/8" whichever is less in 1" of
weld.
Sum > E in any length of 6E. Where length of weld is <
6E, permissible sum shall be proportionately less.
Individual tungsten inclusions are be evaluated as
rounded indications (Porosity). Elongated or aligned
tungsten inclusions are unacceptable.

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Figure 4-1 Weld Quality Requirements for Elongated Discontinuities as Determined by

Radiography for Statically Loaded Structures
(see AWS D1.1 Paragraph 6.12.1.1)
General notes:
To determine the maximum size of discontinuity allowed in any joint or weld
size , project E horizontally to B
To determine the minimum clearance allowed between edge of discontinuity of
any size greater than or equal to 3/32 in ( 2.5 mm) Project B vertically to C

28
12.0
13.0
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DOCUMENTATION/RADIOGRAPHIC REPORT
12.1
Written reports shall be prepared giving the results of all performed using the IITS
Radiographic Form.
12.2
The findings shall be reported in the Report format supported with the sketch shows
the defect location and depth (if any). The reports shall be submitted to the Client's
Inspector for approval.
ATTACHMENTS
13.1
Appendices
13.2
Inspection and Testing Activity Report Form
13.3
Revision History (If any)

29
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31
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32
SARERAD
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Report No :
Test Date:
Iso. Drawg. No:
SAFERAD TEST
REPORT
Item No:
SWSI
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Client :
Project:
Location:
Requested by:
Technique Description
Exposure
DWSI
DWDI
Equipment and Material

Radiation Source
DWDI
Source
Ce-75
Ci

33
SFD:
IQI Type
Sensitivity: <2%
Film Processing:
Wire
Test Procedure:
SL
No
SARERAD
PROCEDURE
IP. Inadequate Penetration

LOF. Lack of Fusion
SI. Slag Inclusion
Po. Porosity
IITS/RT/007, Rev. A
Cr.
BT.
UC
H/L
Crack
Burn Through
Under Cut
High low
Interpretation
Approved by
SIRAJUL ISLAM
Acceptance
Criteria:
Result
HB. Hollow Bead

CP. Cluster porosity
EP. Excessive Penetration
TI. Tungsten Inclusion
For IITS
Name:
IITS/SRP/034
A
20/4/2016
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Ashikur Rahman
Strength(Energy)
Source Size/Focal Spot:
IQI:
Film Brand and Designation:
Lead Screens: 0.0125 Thick
Hole
Weld Identification Weld No Size
Doc. No.
Rev. No.
Date
Total Page
Prepared by
ASME Sec.
VIII, Div. 1
Comments
SL. Slag Line

NSI. No Significant Indication
Acc. Accepted
Re. Rejected
For Client
Name:
Signature:
Date:
Signature
:
Date:

34

034-Saferad Procedure

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INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION

&TRAINING SERVICES (IITS)

INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION & TRAINING

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House 162, Road 1, DOHS Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216, BANGLADESH

Reviewed & Approved By:

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House 162, Road 1, DOHS Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216, BANGLADESH

House 162, Road 1, DOHS Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216, BANGLADESH

Level I personnel may participate in inspection activities in order to train as required

American Society for Non-Destructive Testing

Personnel Certification Scheme for Non-Destructive Testing

Certification Scheme for Weld Inspection Personnel

Image Quality Indicator

Safe work procedures shall be documented for inspection procedures. These

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A Valid Certificate Proficiency in Radiography Level II to a

A current Certificate of Proficiency in Radiography Level II,

RADIOGRAPHIC TOOLS & EQUIPMENT

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Size of Film used

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GAMMA RAY SOURCE

Radiographic Inspection techniques

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10.1.1 Single-Wall Technique

As an alternative, the weld may be radiograph with the

Additional exposures shall be made if the required

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Where Ug - geometric un-sharpness

IMAGE QUALITY INDICATORS (IQI)

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House 162, Road 1, DOHS Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216, BANGLADESH

Table 3: Wire IQI Designation, Wire Diameter And Wire Identity

Table 3a: IQI Selection

Source Side IQI(s)

Film Side IQI(s)

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House 162, Road 1, DOHS Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216, BANGLADESH

Number of Image Quality Indicator (IQI)

Where the source is located on the axis of the object (Double-Wall

House 162, Road 1, DOHS Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216, BANGLADESH

House 162, Road 1, DOHS Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216, BANGLADESH

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House 162, Road 1, DOHS Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216, BANGLADESH

ASME SEC VIII D1,

ASME SEC VIII D1, Paragraph UW-52

6.0 mm (") for t up to 19.0

2/3 t where t is the thickness of the weld

aggregate length greater

6.0 mm (") for t up to

Refer to Table 2-2 of this

Refer to Table 2-2 of this

Refer to Table 2-2 of this

Refer to Table 2-2 of this

Unacceptable if the density

the sum of the longest dimensions of all

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Category D Fluid service

Service cyclic condition

House 162, Road 1, DOHS Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216, BANGLADESH

Normal Fluid Service