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Metric
1 kilogram = 1,000 grams
Customary
1 foot = 12 inches
1 yard = 36 inches
1 yard = 3 feet
1 mile = 1,760 yards = 5,280 feet
Metric
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters
1 meter = 1,000 millimeters
1 meter = 100 centimeters
1 kilometer = 1,000 meters
Length
Capacity
Customary
1 cup
1 pint = 2 cups
1 quart = 2 pints
1 gallon = 4 quarts
Comparing Customary and Metric Units
Probability of:
NumberofFavorableOutcomes
TotalNumberOfPossibleOutcomes
0 = Impossible
0.01-0.49 = Unlikely (Less than half)
0.50 = Equally Likely
0.51-0.99 = Likely (More than half)
1 = Certain
Examples
0
Im possible
2
1
EquallyLik ely
2
2
Certain
2
Geometry
Number Sense
Place Value
Comparing Numbers
> Greater Than
< Less Than
= Equal To
Write the numbers being compared vertically, aligning
same place values. Start on the left and move to the right
until you find two digits that are different. Compare the
two digits.
5,326,233.334 < 5,326,333.334
5, 326, 233. 334
5, 326, 333. 334
Comparing Fractions
Cross Multiply
2x3=6
4x1= 4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
<
4
3
1
6 is greater than 4 so is greater than
4
2
Rounding
Find your number (underline)
Look right next door
4 or less, just ignore
5 or more, add 1 more +1
Round to the nearest whole number underline the digit
in the ones place.
642,039.098
642,039.999
642,039.000
642,040.000
0.75
4x75=300
100x3=300
3
4
75
100
3
4
= 0.75
2x6= 12
12x1= 12
1
2
6
12
1
2
6
=
12
100
5
24
8
1 divided by 2
100 divided by 5
24 divided by 5
Multiplication Steps
Multiply the digit in the ones place of the bottom number
by each digit in the top number.
Cross out the digit in the ones place and put a zero to hold
its place.
Multiply the digit in the tens place of the bottom number
by each digit in the top number.
Add the partial products to find the answer.
Multiples
Factors
Examples:
Multiples of
3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
7: 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42
10: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60
Examples:
Factors of
12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
Common Multiples
All of the multiples that 2 or more numbers share.
Least Common Multiple (LCM)
Of all the common multiples, the least number is the LCM.
Example:
1x12=12
2x6=12
3x4=12
15: 1, 3, 5, 15
1x15=15
3x5=15
3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18
6: 6, 12, 18
Some of the common multiples of 3 and 6 are: 6, 12, and
18. The Least Common Multiple (LCM) is 6.
Common Factors
All of the factors that 2 or more numbers share.
Greatest Common Factor (GCF)
Of all the common factors, the greatest number is the GCF.
Example:
12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
15: 1, 3, 5, 15
1 4
=
2 X4 8
LCM
2: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
2 2
+ =
8 8
8: 8, 16, 24
2
6 3
=
8 2 4
GCF
6: 1, 2, 3, 6
8: 1, 2, 4, 8
24 =
6
6
12
6
6: 1, 2, 3, 6
12: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12
11
4
2x4= 8 + 3 = 11
Multiply the whole number by the denominator and add
the numerator this gives you the new numerator. The
denominator doesnt change.
Improper Fraction to a Mixed Number
16
5
= 3
1
5
16 5 = 3 Remainder 1
Divide the numerator by the denominator. The whole
number in the answer is the whole number in the mixed
number the remainder is the numerator.