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LIFE-TRACKER
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Theme Research
Our research in ecology and zoology and real-life applications are reported in the section. We studied how
the scientists work and designed how our RC plane will help their works or enhance their research and
studies.
Budget
The budget section contains details of production costs and labor cost based on standard sources. All
materials used in this project are also mentioned here.
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Team Overview
The name Life-Tracker came from our project goal/objective to enhance scientific works, especially in
ecological and zoological, with our RC plane. The name literally means we track the lives of the living
creatures such as rare plants on the peak of the steep mountains or the endangered species in the
savannah field.
Advisor
Joshua Staubs, Ph.D.
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THEME RESEARCH
can fly in a wide range of height (very close to the ground to the peak of an average mountain)
Goal/Objective
Our objective for this RC plane is to enhance ecological research and also zoological studies. These
scientists normally work in remote areas where there is no long smooth runway for any plane to take o,
thus its necessary to produce such RC plane that minimise a take o distance. For the ecologists, the RC
plane is useful as it can carry their small tools, survey the areas they cant reach with installed camera and
other emergency uses. And for the zoologists, the RC plane is used to track wild animals that have
movements at all time. Therefore, the plane has to be ready and able to take o in a very short time.
Our design is invented to meet our objective, we concentrated at making a RC plane that takes o in a
shortest distance possible and works well in every type of topography. To do so, we aimed to create high
lift coecient and the minimum weight of the plane. Besides of our goal, we also have to consider the
environment and usage to give the most reasonable design. It means that the plane and its wings cannot
be too big to takeo in rough areas or too small to stabilise the whole plane during flight.
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Total Flight Score = Takeo Distance Score + Flight Time Score + Battery Charge Score
Configurations Considered
Mission Scoring Requirement
Design Requirement
Battery Pridiction
Fabricate as Design
Option/Trade Assessment
Aircraft Configuration
Monoplane
Biplane
Triplane
Weight
Li#
0.4
-1
Drag
0.2
-1
Weight
0.4
-1
Total
0.2
-0.2
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High Wing
Mid Wing
Low Wing
Weight
Li#
0.3
Weight
0.3
-1
Drag
0.2
-1
-1
Stability
0.2
-1
Total
0.2
-0.5
-0.4
Tri-cycle
Tail-dragger
Weight
Takeo
Performance
0.4
Weight
0.3
-1
Drag
0.2
-1
Ground Control
0.1
-1
Total
-0.4
0.8
From the figure of merit shown above, our group has decided to design our aircraft based on conventional
monoplane with high wing, tail dragger, and tractor motor.
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AirFoil Selection
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Since our groups main goal is to be able to takeo in a short distance, the airfoil with the highest
coecient of lift is chosen. NACA 9412, compared to other options, has the highest coecient of lift when
considered in the same angle of attack. On the other hand, NACA 9412 also has the highest coecient of
drake compare to other options.
Figure : NACA9412
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Quantitative Predictions
Performance Parameter
Calculated Value
Clmax
2.5073
0.75
CD0
0.05014
L/D max
10.1013806
0.57
6.30
0.975
7.50
5.25
12
Takeo Distance
which
is calculated to be 0.975 m
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It is found that at the speed of 7.5 m/s will gives the highest L/D ratio thus, require the least cruising
power.
Flight Time
The figure below represent the plot of thrust versus RPM from motor_prop_matching code form octave.
The redline shows the maximum RPM range available for this particular motor.
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From the spreadsheet, we know the maximum L/D will give Ta = 0.55 N.
At thrust of 0.55 N, it will give the motor RPM about 4190. If we want to know the throttle percentage, we
have to divide 4190 by 12100 (maximum RPM). The result is throttle 34.59%.
To determined the current drawn from the battery, we use calc_thrust_avilable code from octave. By
inputting throttle = 34.595% we get current = 4.4355A.
Flight Time = (Battery Capacity left for cruise) / (Cruising Load * 60)
From the above formula, we predicted our aircrafts flight time, from the 2200 mAh battery, to be 23.788
minutes.
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Mechanical Design
Wing
AR = 8.7
Span = 120 cm
Chord = 13.79 cm
CL at 0 degree = 1.1212
Fuselage
Length = 40 cm
Height = 9 cm (maximum)
Width = 9 cm (maximum)
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Tail
Airfoil - NACA 0012
For the tail of the airplane, the symmetric Airfoil model NACA 0012, which is very suitable in terms
of yaw stability and ease of manufacturing, is used to provide the counter moment to stabilise the
airplane.
Horizontal Stabiliser
Vertical Stabiliser
ARh = 5.742
ARV = 3
Lh = 40 cm
Lv = 40 cm
Bh = 25 cm
Bv = 15 cm (max length)
Ch = 10 cm
Cv = 20 cm
Elevator
Rudder
Length = 25 cm
Length = 20 cm
Width = 2 cm
Width = 3.7 cm
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Center of Gravity
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Stability Analysis
The stability analysis is calculate using the excel file to ensure that the airplane is stable in term of
moment of the airplane.
By considering of the plot between Moment coecient and the absolute angle of attack of the
airplane is very close to (0,0) point on the graph. Hence this indicated that this airplane is very
stable
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Motor
For the design, the airplane will be propelled using 1 electrical motor rated at maximum power of 350W.
- Shaft: 4mm
- Weight: 88g
Battery
- Voltage: 11.1 V
- Weight: 175.0 g
battery, it can be discharged continually at the rate of 2.2 ampere for 1 hour. The maximum estimated
flight time for this airplane is 29 minutes with the electrical load of 4.43 A flying at cruising speed.
Due to the limitation of LiPo battery, discharging over 80 percent will caused premature failure of the
battery. Therefore this calculation is based on discharging the battery to 80 percent will provided us
around 24 minutes of flight time.
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- Max Speed: 210k rpm for 2 Poles BLM, 70k rpm for 6 poles BLM, 35k rpm for 12 poles
BLM. (BLM: BrushLess Motor)
- Size (L x W x H): 55 x 28 x 12 mm
- Weight: 35g
By considering the 40A continuous maximum rating current of the Electronics Speed Controller (ESC), the
motor will draw maximum current of 21A peak during takeo. Hence, the ESC is very suitable for our
design.
design & Dual Antenna Diversity
- Dimensions: 43 x 24 x 7.9 mm
- Weight: 8.3 g
Servos
- Dimension: 23x12.2x29mm
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Model
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BUDGET
Description
Quant
ity
Unit
Price
Cost
Reference
Costing Method
Motor
Propeller
Estimated Purchase
Price
Estimated Purchase
Price
Estimated Purchase
Price
Estimated Purchase
1 1,800 1,800 http://www.rcsociety.com/store/
Price
product/view/
Futaba_R2006GS_6_C
hannel_2.4GHz_S_FH
SS_Receiver_6J-2435
0138-th.html
LIFE-TRACKER
Estimated Purchase
Price
78 http://
www.hobbyking.com
Estimated Purchase
Price
78
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Description
Quant
ity
Unit
Price
Cost
Reference
Costing Method
Servos
Estimated Purchase
90 360 http://
www.tdhobby.com/
Price
index.php?
option=com_virtuemart
&view=productdetails&
virtuemart_product_id=
242
Push-Rods
34 136 http://
www.hobbyking.com
Estimated Purchase
Price
Landing Gear
93
93 http://
www.hobbyking.com
Estimated Purchase
Price
30
30 Somjai store
40
80 Somjai store
20
20 Somjai store
25
50 http://
www.hobbyking.com
Total
9,715
Labor Costs
Hour Per Member
Per Day
One hour
Working Hour
Total Hour
104
520
416
20
2,080
104
2,704
520
54,080
Reference: http://www.unigang.com/article/1181
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TOPIC
2-6 Nov
9-13 Nov
16-20
Nov
23-27
Nov
9-11 Dec
12-13
Dec
14 Dec
Team Organisation
Theme Research
Option/Trade
Assessment
Mechanical Design
Quantitative Design
Fabrication
Flying Test
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