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And all her figure proves her native land. Her hair was curly, thick her lips, and dark her color.
In Library of History Book XX, Greek historian Diodorus mentions a Greek lieutenant named Agathocles, who
defeated a people in the area of present-day Tunisia, who were the same hue as Ethiopians.
The eyewitness accounts are corroborated by physical anthropology. L. Bertholon and E. Chantre, both well-noted
French anthropologists, documented their examination of skeletons throughout North Africa in all periods. They note
that the remains of both upper and lower class individuals of ancient North Africa were representative of the Negroid
race.
Numidia was
another great Black Berber-Libyan nation in northern Algeria during the time of the Romans and Carthaginians. It
began as a sovereign state, and later alternated status between Roman province and Roman client state. It is
considered to be the first major state in the history of Algeria and the Berber world.
Numidia has also been classified by European and Arab historians as a Caucasian- or Semetic-built civilization.
However, in his book, The Destruction of Black Civilization, Chancellor Williams declared that Libya was once so
nearly all-Black that to be called a Libyan meant that one was Black.
The Greek historian Herodotus, writing about Libya in his Histories (Book Four), stated:
One thing I can add about this country: so far as one knows, it is inhabited by four races, and four only, of which two
are indigenous and two are not. The indigenous peoples are the Libyans and Ethiopians, the former occupying the
northerly and the latter the more southerly parts; the immigrants are the Phoenicians and the Greeks.
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One of the most famous Berber-Moors of the Roman times was Masinissa, the king of Numidia (238-148 BCE), who
assisted the Romans against the Carthaginians during the Punic Wars.
The coin depictions and statutes of King Masinissa confirm without doubt, that this great Berber leader and king of
the Moors was phenotypically a Black African man with woolly hair (similar to the West African type). Syphax, king of
the Masaesylians in Numidia, a contemporary and great rival of King Masinissa, was also depicted in his coinage as a
phenotypically Black African.
Axum (100
A.D. to 940 A.D.)
The Kingdom of Axum was a powerful Ethiopian-Eritrean empire, located in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea. It
developed its power by controlling the Red Sea trade routes.
Axum was ruled by the negus nagast, the kings of kings. Under King Ezana, Axum was the most powerful empire in
northeast Africa and in 350 C.E. sacked the Nubian Kingdom of Meroe.
In the latter part of the 4th century, Axum invaded the southern part of the Arabian Penninsula and occupied Yemen
from 335 to 370. At its height, Axum included the surrounding Ethiopian highlands, Beja, Noba, Kasu, and Arabian
kingdoms Himyar and Sabar.
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The Kingdom of Axum was prosperous from 100 A.D. to 700 A.D. It was contemporary with the Roman Empire and
according to the Persian religious leader Mani (April 14, 216 274) , the Axumite civilization was third among the
four greatest of the time, on par with Rome, Persia, and China.
A theory about the origins of Axum was that it was founded by Semitic-speaking Sabaeans who crossed the Red Sea
from South Arabia (modern Yemen). However, scholars now agree that Sabaean influence was negligible and
kingdom was founded by indigenous Africans.