RATE OF REACTION

6 Two experiments were carried out in which a catalyst manganese(IV) oxide powder was
added to hydrogen peroxide solution.
Table 6 shows the description of the reactants used in the experiment.
Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan di mana mangkin serbuk mangan(IV) oksida telah
ditambah kepada larutan hidrogen peroksida.
Jadual 6 menunjukkan perincian bahan tindak balas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen
tersebut.

Experiment
Eksperimen
A

Description of reactant
Perincian bahan tindak balas
1.0 g manganese(IV) oxide powder + 50 cm3 of 0.03 moldm-3 hydrogen
peroxide
1.0 g serbuk mangan(IV) oksida
peroksida

+ 50 cm3 0.03 moldm-3 hidrogen

1.0 g manganese(IV) oxide powder + 50 cm3 of 0.06 moldm-3 hydrogen

peroxide
1.0 g serbuk mangan(IV) oksida
peroksida

+ 50 cm3 0.06 moldm-3 hidrogen

TABLE 6
JADUAL 6

Hydrogen peroxide decomposed and the gas liberated was recorded at intervals of 30 seconds.
Hidrogen peroksida terurai dan gas yang terbebas direkodkan pada selang masa 30 saat
(a)

Draw a labelled diagram to carry out this experiment.

Lukiskan rajah berlabel untuk menjalankan eksperimen ini.

[ 2 marks]
(b)

(i)

Name the gas liberated when hydrogen peroxide decomposes.

Namakan gas yang terbebas apabila hydrogen peroksida terurai.

..
[ 1mark]
(ii)

Write the chemical equation for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi penguraian hydrogen peroksida.

[ 2marks]

(c)

(i)

Which experiment will give the higher rate of reaction?

Eksperimen manakah yang memberikan kadar tindak balas yang lebih tinggi?

[ 1 mark]

(ii)

State the reason for your answer in (c) (i).

Nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (c)(i).

[1 mark ]

(iii)

Sketch a graph of volume of gas liberated against time for experiment A and B
on the same axes below.
Lakarkan graf isipadu gas terbebas melawan masa bagi eksperimen A dan B di
atas paksi yang sama di bawah.

[ 2 marks ]

(d)

By using Collision Theory explain the role of manganese(IV) oxide in increasing the
rate of liberation of gas in this experiment.
Dengan menggunakan Teori Perlanggaran jelaskan peranan mangan(IV) oksida dalam

meningkatkan kadar pembebasan gas dalam eksperimen ini

....

[2 marks]

8. (a) The smaller sized potatoes will cook faster than the bigger-sized ones. Explain why.
Kentang bersaiz kecil masak lebih cepat daripada bersaiz besar. Terangkan mengapa.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(b) A group of students carried out two experiments to investigate the factor affecting the
rate of reaction between zinc powder and hydrochloric acid, HCl. Diagram 8 shows
the set-up of the apparatus used in the experiments.
Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan dua eksperimen untuk mengkaji factor yang
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara serbuk zinc dengan asid hydroklorik, HCl.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan sususan radas yang digunakan dalam kedua-dua eksperimen
itu.

Diagram 8
(i)

In the presence of substance X in Experiment II, the higher volume of gas is

released in the first 2 minutes compared to Experiment I.
State one substance that can be used as substance X.

(ii)

(iii)

Dengan kehadiran bahan X dalam Eksperimen II, isipadu gas yang terbebas
dalam dua minit pertama adalah lebih tinggi.
Nyatakan satu bahan yang boleh digunakan sebagai bahan X.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
Calculate the average rate of reaction in Experiment I and Experiment II in the
first 2 minutes.
Hitung kadar tindak balas purata bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II dalam
masa 2 minit pertama .
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Compare the rate of reaction between Experiment I and Experiment II.
Explain your answer based on collision theory.
Banding kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.
Jelaskan jawapan anda berdasarkan kepada teori perlanggaran.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]

(iv)

Sketch a graph of volume of the gas released against time for both sets of
experiments in the first 2 minutes.
Lakar graf isipadu gas terbebas melawan masa bagi kedua-dua set eksperimen
dalam masa 2 minit pertama.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(v)

Write an ionic equation for the reaction between zinc powder and hydrochloric
acid.
Tulis persamaan ion bagi tindak balas antara serbuk zink dan asid hidroklorik.
[2marks]
[2 markah]

(vi)

Hydrochloric acid in Experiment I is replaced with sulphuric acid with the same
volume and concentration. Compare the rate of reaction and the maximum volume
of hydrogen gas released between these two experiments.
Explain your answer.
Asid hidroklorik dalam Eksperimen I digantikan dengan asid sulfurik yang
mempunyai isipadu dan kepekatan yang sama. Bandingkan kadar tindak balas dan
isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terbebas antara kedua-dua eksperimen mi.
Terangkan jawapan anda.
[4 marks]
[4 murkah]

CARBON COMPOUND
8. Butane, CH3CH2CH2CH3 and Butene CH2 = CHCH2CH3 arc hydrocarbons.
Butana. CH3CH2CH2CH3 dan Butena CH2 = CHCH2CH3 adalah hidrokarbon.

(i)

Identify the saturated hydrocarbon and unsaturated hydrocarbon. Explain why.

Kenalpasti hidrokarbon tepu dan hidrokarbon tak tepu. Terangkan mengapa.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(ii)

Draw and name the structure of any one of the isomer of butene.
Lukis dun namakan salah satu struktur isomer bagi butena.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(iii)

Butene can be converted to butane.

State the name of the process and the condition needed
Write the chemical equation involved
Butena boleh ditukarkan kepada butana.
Nyatakan nama proses dan keadaan yang diperlukan
Tuliskan persamaan kimia yang terlibat.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]

Ethanoic acid can be used to prepare ethyl ethanoate. Diagram 8 shows the flow chart for the
reaction to prepare ethyl ethanoate.
Asid etanoik boleh digunakan bagi menghasilkan etil etanoat. Rajah 8 menunjukkan carta
alir bagi tindak balas untuk menyediakan etil etanoat.
+

Ethyl ethanoate
Ethanol
Etil etanoat
Etanol

Diagram 8
Rajah 8
Give any one chemical property
of ethanoic acid. In your answer
include the chemical equation
involved.
Berikan satu sifat kimia bagi asid etanoik. Dalam jawapan anda, sertakan persamaan kimia
yang terlibat.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(ii) Describe briefly the preparation of ethyl ethanoate in the laboratory. In your description,
include the following:
Huraikan dengan ringkas penyediaan etil etanoat di dalam makmal. Penerangan anda
hendaklah mengandungl perkara-perkara berikut.
* List of apparatus and materials
Senarai radas dan bahan
* Procedure
Prosedur
* Observation
Pemerhatian
[6 marks]
7
(a)
Alcohol R contains four carbon atoms and is able to show isomerism.
Draw and name the structural formulae of two isomers of alcohol R.
Alkohol R mengandungi empat karbon atom dan boleh menunjukkan
keisomeran.
Lukis dan namakan dua formula struktur bagi dua isomer alkohol R.
Ethanoic acid
Asid etanoik

[4 marks]
(b)

Table 7 shows two structural formulae of carbon compounds of P and Q.

Jadual 7 menunjukkan dua formula struktur sebatian karbon P dan Q.
Carbon compound
Structural formula
C
Sebatian karbon
Formula struktur
H

C
H

H H

Q
H

Table 7
Jadual 7

Based on Table 7, compare carbon compounds P and Q.

Berdasarkan Jadual 7, bandingkan sebatian karbon P dan Q.
[6 marks]

(c)

Diagram 10 shows two reagent bottles X and Y. One of the bottles contains
hexane while another bottle contains hexene.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan dua botol reagen X dan Y. Satu dari botol-botol
tersebut mengandungi heksana dan satu lagi botol mengandungi heksena.

Diagram 7
Rajah 7

Describe a chemical test that can be used to verify hexane and hexene in each
bottle.
Your explanation should includes:
Huraikan satu ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengenal pasti
heksana
dan heksena dalam setiap botol.
Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi:
List of apparatus and materials

Senarai bahan dan radas

Procedure
Prosedur
Observations
Pemerhatian
[10 marks]

9. The information below is about organic compound Q.

Maklumat berikut adalah berkaitan dengan sebatian organik Q.
Composition by mass:
Komposisi mengikut jisim:
Carbon : 60 %
Karbon
Hydrogen : 13.33 %
hidrogen
Oxygen : 26.67 %
Oksigen
[Relaive molecular mass ,60]
[Jisim molekul relative, 60]

(a) Based on information given,

Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi,
Determine the molecular formula for compound Q
Tentukan formula molekul sebatian Q
name the compound Q
namakan sebatian Q
draw the structural formula for compound Q.
Lukiskan formula struktur sebatian Q
[relative atomis mass: C, 12 ; H, 1 ; 0,16]
[Jisim atom relatif: C, 12 ; H, 1; O, 16]
[6 marks]
(b) Hexane and hexene burnt completely in excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and
water. Compare the sootiness of the flame produced during the reaction. Explain your
answer.
Heksana dan heksena terbakar lengkap dalam oksigen untuk menghasilkan karbon
dioksida dan air. Bandingkan kejelagaan nyalaan yang terhasil semasa tindak balas ini.
Terangkan jawapan anda.
[4 marks]
Statement below shows the characteristics of vulcanised rubber.
Pernyataan di bawah menunjukkan sifat-sifat gelah tervulkan..
The use of natural rubber is further extended by combining natural rubber with
sulphur to produce vulcanised rubber which is more elastic and tougher.

Penggunaan getah asli diperluaskan dengan menggabungkan getah asli dengan sulfur
untuk menghasilkan getah tervulkan yang lebih elastik dan lebih kuat
(c) Based on above statement, describe an experiment to compare the elasticity of natural
rubber compared to vulcanized rubber. Your answer should include:
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan
kekenyalan getah asli berbanding getah tervulkan. Jawapan anda mestilah mengandungi:
(i)

Labeled diagram
Gambarajah berlabel

(ii)

Procedure of the experiment

Prosedur eksperimen

(iii)

Result of the experiment

keputusan eksperimen

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS, CARBON COMPOUND AND SALTS

7. Diagram 7.1 shows part of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan sebahagian Jadual Berkala Unsur.

[10 marks]

A, B, C, D, E , F, G and H are not the actual symbols of the elements.

A, B, C, D, E, F, G dan H bukan simbol sebenar bagi unsur.
Based on diagram 8.1,
Berdasarkan rajah 8.1,
(i) Write the electron arrangement for atoms A, D and F.
Tulis susunan elektron bagi atom-atom A, D dan F.
[3 marks]
[3
markah]
(ii) Element F will form two different types of compounds when it reacts with element A and
D respectively. Describe the bond formations in these two compounds.
Unsur F akan membentuk dua jenis sebatian yang berbeza apabila ia bertindak balas
secara berasingan dengan unsur A dan unsur D.
Huraikan pembentukan ikatan yang terhasil dalam sebatian-sebatian ini.
[12 marks]
[12
markah]
(b) (i) State a transition element.
Nyatakan satu unsur peralihan.
[1 mark]
[1
markah]
(ii) List two special characteristics of transition elements and give an example for each of
this property.
Senaraikan dua ciri istimewa unsur peralihan dan beri satu conioh bagi setiap ciri
tersebut.
[4 marks]
[4
markah]

9. Elements in Group 17 in the Periodic Table are known as halogen.

Unsur-unsur Kumpulan 17 dalam Jadual Berkala dikenali sebagai halogen.
(a) Explain the formation of halide ion from halogen atom.
Terangkan pembentukan ion halida daripada atom halogen
[2 marks]
(b) Halogen react with hot iron to produce a compound known as iron(III) halide
Halogen bertindak balas dengan besi yang panas menghasilkan sebatian yang dikenali
sebagai besi(III) halida.
(i) By using one example of halogen, write a balanced chemical equation for the above
reaction.
Dengan menggunakan satu contoh halogen, tulis persamaan kimia seimbang bagi
tindak balas di atas.
[2 marks]
(ii) Compare the reactivity of any two halogens and explain your answer.
Bandingkan kereaktifan mana-mana dua halogen dan terangkan jawapan anda.
[4 marks]
(iii) Draw a labeled diagram to show the apparatus set-up to carry out the reaction.
Lukis satu rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji tindak
balas lersebut.
[2
marks]
(iv) By using the same two halogens in b(ii), compare the boiling point and explain the
difference.
Dengan menggunakan dua halogen dalam b(ii), bandingkan takat didih dan terangkan
perbezaan.
[4 marks]

MANUFACTURED SUBSTANCES IN INDUSTRY

9. (a) Diagram 9 shows one of the stages involved in Contact Process.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan salah satu peringkat dalam Process Sentuh.
S

SO2
Oxygen
oksigen

(i)

Diagram 9
Rajah 9

Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas tersebut.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii)
Sulphur dioxide is the waste product from Contact Process which affects the quality
of the environment .
Sulfur dioksida adalah bahan buangan daripada Process Sentuh yang menjejaskan
kualiti alam sekitar.
As a chemist, how do you advice the manager of the factory to reduce the release of
sulphur dioxide gas. Explain.
Sebagai seorang ahli kimia, bagaimana anda menasihati pengurus kilang tersebut
supaya pembebasan gas sulfur dioksida dikurangkan. Terangkan.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) Table 9 shows three different manufactured substances in industry X, Y and Z and their
uses.
Jadual 9 menunjukkan tiga bahan buatan industri X, Y dan Z yang berbeza dan
kegunaannya.
Manufactured substances in
industry
Bahan buatan industri
X

Uses
Kegunaan

To make internal wall of furnace

Untuk membuat lapisan dalam dinding relau
Y
To make musical instruments
Untuk membuat alat muzik
Z
To make helmets and water storage tanks
Untuk membuat topi keledar dan tangki penyimpanan air
Table 9
Based on table 9, state the name of X, Y and Z.
Give specific properties of each of the substances to support your answers.

Berdasarkan Jadual 9, nyatakan nama bagi X, Y dan Z.

Berikan sifat khusus bagi setiap bahan tersebut untuk menyokong jawapan anda.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
(c) The following information shows two properties of alloys.
Maklumat berikut menunjukkan dua sifat aloi.
Alloy is harder than its pure metal
Aloi lebih keras daripada logam tulennya

Alloy is more corrosive resistant than its pure metal.

Aloi lebih tahan kakisan daripada logam tulennya.

By choosing one of the properties of the alloy stated above, describe a laboratory
experiment to compare alloy with its pure metal.
Dengan memilih salah satu sifat aloi diatas, huraikan satu eksperimen makmal untuk
membandingkan aloi dengan logam tulennya.
Your answer should include the following:
Jawapan anda perlu mengandungi perkara berikut:

Name of the alloy and its pure metal

Nama aloi dan logam tulennya

A list of apparatus dan materials

Senarai radas dan bahan

Procedure of the experiment

Prosedur eksperimen

Observation
Pemerhatian

Conclusion
Kesimpulan

[10 marks]
[10 markah]

SALT
9. Two solutions are used to prepare carbonate salt. Diagram 8 shows the
reaction scheme in preparing Copper (II) carbonate.
Dua larutan digunakan untuk menyediakan garam karbonat. Rajah di bawah
menunjukkan skema tindakbalas dalam penyediaan Kuprum (II) carbonat.
Blue solution of
X

Method A
Kaedah A

Larutan
+ biru X
Colourless
solution of Y
Larutan tidak
berwarna Y

Copper (II) Carbonate

Heated
Kuprum (II) Karbonat

Black residue
Baki hitam

Dipanaska
n

In process I, solution of X and Y are mixed and green precipitate is formed.

Dalam proses I, larutan X dan Y dicampurkan dan mendakan hijau terbentuk.
a) (i) Name the blue solution X and colourless solution Y in above diagram .
Namakan larutan biru X dan larutan tidak berwarna Y dalam rajah di atas.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii)
Name the Method A.
Namakan Kaedah A.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii)

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction in process I.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia seimbang bagi tindakbalas dalam proses I.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(iv)

State a confirmatory test to verify the cation that gives the blue coloring
present in the solution X.
Nyatakan ujian pengesahan untuk mengenalpasti kation yang memberikan
warna biru di dalam larutan X.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

b) (i) Name the black residue.

c) Namakan baki hitam itu.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Describe how you would prepare Copper (II) carbonate through Method A by
using a suitable salt solution.
Your answer should consist of the following:
Huraikan bagaimana anda menyediakan Kuprum (II) karbonat melalui kaedah A
dengan menggunakan larutan garam yang sesuai. Jawapan anda hendak
mengandungi perkara berikut:
List of material and apparatus
Senarai bahan dan alat radas
Procedures of the experiment
Prosedur eksperimen
[10 marks]
[10 markah]
(c)

A student prepared silver chloride salt by mixing 50 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 silver
nitrate solution and 30 cm3 of 1.0 moldm-3 magnesium chloride solution.
Calculate the mass of silver chloride produced.
Seorang pelajar menyediakan garam argentum chloride dengan
mencampurkan 50 cm3 , 1.0 moldm-3 argentum nitrat dan 30 cm3 , 1.0 moldm-3
magnesium chloride. Kirakan jisim argentums klorida yang terhasil.
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

10. (a) 50cm3 of 0.2moldm-3 sulphuric acid reacts with excess copper (II) oxide to produce
copper(II) sulphate and water.
50cm3 asid sulfurik 0.2moldm-3 bertindakbalas dengan kuprum(II) oksida yang
berlebihan menghasilkan kuprum(II) sulfat dan air.
(i)

Write the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place.
Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindakbalas yang berlaku.

(ii)

Calculate the mass of copper(II) sulphate produced.

Hitungkan jisim kuprum (II) sulfat yang terhasil.

[Molar mass of copper(II) sulphate = 160gmol-1]

[Jisim molar kuprum (II) sulfat = 160gmol-1]
[4 marks]
[4 markah]
(b) The following are two examples of chloride salts that can be prepared in the laboratory.
Berikut adalah dua contoh garam klorida yang boleh disediakan di dalam makmal.

Potassium chloride, KCl

Kalium klorida, KCl

Silver chloride, AgCl

Argentum klorida, AgCl

Compare and contrast between these two salts. Your comparison should include the
following aspects:
- The solubility of each salt in water
- The name of the chemical reaction for the preparation of each salt
- The reactants for the preparation of each salt
- The chemical equation for the preparation of each salt
Banding dan bezakan diantara dua garam ini. Perbandingan hendaklah mengandungi
aspek-aspek berikut:
- Keterlarutan setiap garam dalam air
- Nama tindak balas kimia untuk penyediaan setiap garam
- Bahan tindak balas untuk penyediaan setiap garam
- Persamaan kimia untuk penyediaan setiap garam
[6 marks]
[6
markah]
(c) Barium sulphate is insoluble in water. Describe the preparation of barium sulphate in the
laboratory. In your description, include
- Reactants
- Procedure
- Chemical equations involved
Barium sulfat adalah tak larut dalam air. Huraikan penyediaan barium sulfat dalam
makmal. Dalam huraian anda, sertakan
-bahan tindak balas
-Prosedur
-Persamaan kimia yang terlibat