Mae201608 DL

AUGUST 2016
ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE
The myth
of stealth
Todays radar can
find anything, stealth
aircraft included. PAGE 2
Encryption
and
cybersecurity
Designers capitalize
on COTS technology
to secure modern
data. PAGE 18
militaryaerospace.com
Electronic
warfare
Battle heating up for
the electromagnetic
spectrum. PAGE 10
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AUGUST 2016
COvER STORY
VOL. 27, NO. 8
TRENDS
NEWS
IN BRIEF
10
SPECIAL REPORT
R8 RAD-Hard
MOSFETs for POL
Todays battle for the

electromagnetic spectrum
U.S. and allied military forces are working on
new electronic warfare (EW), cyber warfare,
spectrum warfare, and information warfare systems
to seize and hold control of communications,
radar, and other important sensors.
18
Aerospace and defense systems designers

investigate fast and affordable ways to
safeguard computers and communications
from cyber attack by plugging vulnerabilities
and layering COTS cybersecurity.
25
RF & MICROWAVE
ELECTRO-OPTICS WATCH
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Military & Aerospace Electronics (ISSN 1046-9079), Volume 27, No. 8. Military & Aerospace Electronics is published 12 times a year, monthly by PennWell Corporation, 1421 S. Sheridan, Tulsa, OK 74112. Periodicals postage paid at Tulsa, OK 74112 and at additional mailing offices. SUBSCRIPTION PRICES: USA $175 1yr.,
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1608MAE_1 1
MILITARY & AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
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trends
BY JOHN KELLER, EDITOR IN CHIEF
The siren song of radarevading stealth aircraft

The U.S. military and its allies in-
helping predict severe weather events
creasingly rely on so-called stealth
like thunderstorms and tornadoes.
we see reports about new stealth-de-
technology to conceal manned and
Rain isnt difficult for radar; it pro-
tecting radar systems. Russias pow-
unmanned aircraft from enemy ra-
vides a nice return signal when its RF
erful over-the-horizon Podsolnukh
dar. We forget, however, that radar
energy bounces off its water droplets.
(Sunflower) radar reportedly is capa-
is adapting quickly, and its only one
We should think about this when
Wind is something different;
ble of detecting and tracking stealthy
theres nothing in moving air itself
fifth-generation aircraft like the Lock-
that can provide a radar return. In-
heed Martin F-35 or any other fighter
of the most expensive and closely
stead, weather radar detects things
jet designed to avoid detection.
guarded military secrets since it first
blowing around in the wind bugs,
If these reports are true, the Rus-
appeared in the mid-1980s, with air-
birds, leaves, and other solid objects
sian Sunflower radar isnt magic; its
craft like the now-obsolete F-117.
that can reflect a radar signal. Or-
just one step ahead in the cat-and-
of many ways to detect aircraft.

Stealth technology has been one
nithologists are using the signals
mouse game we call electronic war-
to compromise the effects of enemy
Stealth uses angles and coatings
from weather radar to track the an-
fare (EW). Aircraft designers will ad-
radar. It attempts to deflect and ab-
nual bird migrations. If a radar can
just, as will radar designers. Theres
sorb radio waves to fool enemy radar
do this, rest assured it can detect
really no end in sight, but I would
into thinking an aircraft is some-
even the smallest aircraft. The trick
guess that eventually no aircraft will
thing other than what it really is.
for radar designers is to know what
be able to hide from radar.
Lets be clear: stealth technolo-
theyre looking for, and tune their
The problem gets worse if we stop
gy no matter how sophisticated
radar systems and digital signal pro-
fixating on radar as the only way
doesnt make an aircraft invisible to
cessing accordingly.
to detect and track aircraft. Theres
radar. It simply enables an aircraft to

hide in radar clutter.
It follows, then, that stealth tech-
more ways than radar to find a plane.
nology seeks to fool radar systems
Think a sophisticated adversary
into filtering out their signals with
trying to detect and track stealth air-
ingly sensitive so sensitive, in fact,
the rest of the unwanted data. Once
craft is using only radar? I doubt it.
that one of the biggest radar signal-
again, stealth aircraft arent invisible
Theyre also listening and looking
processing challenges today isnt de-
to radar; theyre just really sneaky
with sophisticated acoustic and elec-
tecting targets, but filtering out un-
about hiding in the radar clutter.
tro-optical sensors. Against these
Todays radar systems are amaz-
wanted signals. Todays radar sys-
As radar systems become more
kinds of measures a so-called stealth
tems can detect and track targets as
sophisticated, as their digital signal
aircraft is helpless until he can fly
small as insects and birds, so an air-
processing algorithms become more
silently and reflect no light whatso-
craft of any size, any shape, and any
advanced, and as signal-process-
ever, and thats not happening any
material isnt really a big problem.
ing computers get faster, designing
time soon.
Weather radar is designed to track
a stealth aircraft that can hide from
Is there really such a thing as a
wind currents and concentrations
radar will become prohibitively dif-
stealth aircraft? Thats getting hard-
of rain, and is becoming effective in
ficult and expensive to do.
er and harder to accept.
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news
IN BRIEF
Bowhead to build aviation

data management
systems for Navy carriers
Northrop Grumman zeroes-in on

technologies to protect military
from counterfeit electronics
Naval Air Warfare Center Aircraft
BY JOHN KELLER
Division officials in Lakehurst,
ARLINGTON, Va.
N.J., awarded a $9.7 million con-
microelectronics experts
tract to Bowhead Manufacturing
at the Northrop Grumman
Technologies in Plano, Texas, to
Corp. Mission Systems seg-
build four Aviation Data Manage-
ment in Linthicum, Md.,
ment and Control System Block
are moving forward on a
II, Phase 1 ship sets. The tactical
U.S. military research ini-
data management system com-
tiative to safeguard the
municates real-time aviation and
military electronics sup-
command-related data across the
ply chain from substan-
systems local area network and
dard used and counterfeit
integrated shipboard network
electronics.
system, connecting the air de-
Defense
Officials of the U.S. De-
partment, ship divisions, and
fense Advanced Research
embarked staff who manage air-
projects Agency (DARPA)
craft launch and recovery opera-
in Arlington, Va., an-
tions aboard surface warships.
nounced a $7.3 million con-
Northrop Grumman microelectronics experts are moving

closer to developing tools to combat the problem of
counterfeit electronic parts.
tract option for the second phase of
Lockheed Martin to build

submarine-launched
ballistic missiles
U.S. Navy strategic weapons ex-
the DARPA Supply Chain Hardware
and missions at risk.

In the SHIELD programs first
Integrity for Electronics Defense
phase, Northrop Grumman experts
(SHIELD) program.
worked to develop a 100-by-100-mi-
In the programs second phase,
cron component, or dielet, that au-
perts are preparing to buy sub-
Northrop Grumman engineers will
thenticates electronics components.
marine-launched nuclear ballis-
continue work on a tool to veri-
The dielets have encryption engines
tic missiles capable of destroying
fy the trustworthiness of protected
and sensors to detect tampering
city-sized targets virtually any-
electronic components without dis-
that affix to electronic components
where. Officials of the U.S. Navy
rupting or harming the system into
like microchips.
Strategic Systems Program Of-
which they have been designed.
fice in Washington announced
Used and counterfeit electron-
The SHIELD programs goal is

to provide 100 percent assurance
a $21.8 million contract to Lock-
ic components are widespread
against recycled components that
heed Martin Space Systems in
throughout the defense supply
are sold as new; unlicensed overpro-
Sunnyvale, Calif., for long lead
chain, DARPA officials say.
duction of authorized components;
items to support the fiscal 2017
Suspect electronic components
test rejects and substandard com-
Trident II D5 missile production
present a critical risk in military
ponents sold as high quality; parts
schedule. The Trident II D5 ad-
systems where a malfunction of a
marked with falsely elevated reli-
vanced submarine-launched
single part could lead to system fail-
ability or newer date of manufac-
ures that can put warfighter lives
ture; low-quality clones and copies
1608MAE_4 4
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8/1/16 8:08 AM
that may include hidden functional-
The contract option brings the
ton, Va.; Lubbock, Texas; and At-
ity; and components that are covert-
total cumulative face value of the
lanta, and should be finished by
ly repackaged for unauthorized ap-
companys SHIELD contract to $19.6
January 2018.
plications, DARPA officials say.
million from $12.3 million.
SRI International in Menlo Park,
On the second phase, Northrop
Calif., and Charles Stark Draper Lab-
Grumman will do the work in
oratory in Cambridge, Mass., joined
Linthicum, Md.; Albuquerque,
Northrop Grumman on the DARPA
N.M.; Santa Clara, Calif.; Res-
FOR MORE INFORMATION
visit Northrop Grumman

Mission Systems online at
www.northropgrumman.com, and
DARPA at www.darpa.mil.
SHIELD programs first phase. The

three companies won SHIELD phaseone contracts in January 2015.
SHIELD demands a tool that
costs less than a penny per unit, yet
makes counterfeiting too expensive
and technically difficult to do, says

Kerry Bernstein, the SHIELD program manager at DARPA.

The dielet will be designed to be
robust in operation, yet fragile in
Dawn VITA 62 6U
AC/DC Power Supply
the face of tampering, Bernstein

says. What SHIELD is seeking is a
very advanced piece of hardware
that will offer an on-demand authentication method never before
available to the supply chain.
Northrop Grumman, Draper, and
SRI experts in phase one developed
dielets that can be inserted into an
electronic components package at
RUGGED, RELIABLE AND READY,

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the manufacturing site or affixed to

existing trusted components, without any alteration of the host components design or reliability.
The companies designed dielets
with no electrical connections to the
host component, such that authen-
Dawns HLD-6262 Holdup

Module works in conjunction with
our PSC-6265 to overcome gaps
or glitches in the normal input
power source up to 50 msec, as

ticity testing can be done anywhere

with handheld or automated probes.
After a scan, an inexpensive appliance like a smartphone will upload
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1608MAE_5 5
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8/1/16 8:08 AM
news
IN BRIEF
atomic missile has a range of
Navy asks Boeing to upgrade networking and

communications on Poseidon aircraft
4,000 to 7,000 miles, was first de-
BY JOHN KELLER
ployed in 1990, and is scheduled
PATUXENT RIVER NAS, Md.
to remain in service until 2027.
avionics experts at the Boeing Co.
Military
are making several improvements to
BAE Systems investigates

the P-8A Poseidon maritime patrol
ability to grow tiny

drones from chemicals
aircraft avionics to upgrade the abil-
Scientists and engineers envision
my submarines and surface ships.
ways to grow small unmanned
These improvements, expected to
aerial vehicles (UAVs) in labs
become operational in 2020, also will
through chemistry, in a mat-
enhance the Poseidons signals intel-
that enables military aircraft, ships,
ter of weeks, rather than years.
ligence (SIGINT) capabilities, as well
and ground forces to exchange their
A new machine called a Chem-
as its ability to network its onboard
tactical picture in near real time. It
puter could enable advanced
subsystems and network with other
supports text messages, imagery,
chemical processes to grow air-
military systems.
and two channels of digital voice
craft and some of their complex
ity to detect, track, and attack ene-
Officials of the U.S. Naval Air Sys-
The Navy is asking Boeing to upgrade the

P-8A Poseidon maritime patrol planes
ability to detect, track, and attack enemy
submarines and surface ships.
communications at 2.4 kilobits per
electronic systems, as well as
tems Command at Patuxent River
produce multifunctional parts
Naval Air Station, Md., announced a
for large manned aircraft. En-
$71.6 million order to Boeing Defense,
II+ is an anti-ship and land-attack
gineers and scientists at BAE
Space & Security in Seattle to build,
missile with over-the-horizon range.
Systems and the University of
integrate, and test several Poseidon
It has a common datalink and new
Glasgow are working on this or-
Increment 3 Block I capabilities.
global positioning system (GPS) sat-
ganic approach to manned and

unmanned aircraft design.
Battelle to build armored

SUVs with Special
Forces vetronics
Unconventional warfare experts
are developing armored sport
This order to Boeing is part of the
second and 16 kilobits per second.

Boeing AGM-84N Harpoon Block
ellite navigation guidance. The Har-
third of three phases of planned im-
poon Block II+ is expected to be in-
provements to the Poseidon aircraft,
tegrated aboard the Poseidon as
a ruggedized version of the Boeing
the plane receives new networking
737 single-aisle jetliner hardened for
capabilities.
long-range maritime patrol and antisubmarine warfare (ASW) missions.

Among the improvements in-
Planned Poseidon Increment 3

Block II upgrades are expected to
improve the aircrafts radar abilities
utility vehicles (SUVs) with mil-
volved in this order are Link 16
to identify, track, and attack threats
itary-grade vetronics, commu-
communications networking; the
on land and at sea with the Raythe-
nications, night vision, ballistic
AGM-84N Harpoon II+ anti-ship
on AN/APS-154 Advanced Airborne
protection, mobility, and tires de-
missile; integrated broadcast sys-
Sensor (AAS).
signed to survive small-arms fire.
tem receiver and filtering; high-fre-
Boeing will do the work in Puget
Military vehicles experts at U.S.
quency (HF) radio upgrades; target-
Sound, Wash.; Grand Rapids, Mich.;
Special Operations Command
ing improvements; and narrowband
St. Louis; Patuxent River, Md.; Dallas;
(SOCOM) at MacDill Air Force
satellite communications (SATCOM)
Oklahoma City; and El Paso, Tex-
Base, Fla., are looking to Battelle
capability. These upgrades pertain
as, and should be finished by Feb-
Memorial Institute in Columbus,
not only to U.S. P-8A Poseidon air-
ruary 2019.
Ohio, for the five-year, potential
craft, but also Poseidon planes oper-
$170 million Non-Standard Com-
ated by Australian military forces.
mercial Vehicles program.
Link 16 is a U.S. and NATO military tactical data exchange network
1608MAE_6 6
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
FOR MORE INFORMATION visit Boeing

Defense, Space & Security online at
www.boeing.com/defense.
8/1/16 8:08 AM
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1608MAE_7 7
8/1/16 8:08 AM
news
Lockheed Martin to develop
Special Ops mini-sub based on
commercial technologies
one-atmosphere, special operations

dry combat submersibles of two different sizes to be free-swimming vehicles capable of delivering and extracting teams of combat swimmers.
BY JOHN KELLER
celling the Joint Multi-Mission
MacDILL AIR FORCE BASE, Fla.
Undersea
warfare experts at Lockheed Martin

are making another run at design-
Now SOCOM combat swimmer
Submersibles program in 2010 be-
experts are working with Lockheed
cause it was too expensive.
Martin to develop a more-affordable
In April 2012, SOCOM awarded a
DCS version based on commercially
ing an affordable mini-submarine to
contract to Lockheed Martin to pro-
available technologies, rather than
transport Special Operations com-
totype a medium-sized DCS under-
developing Special Forces mini-sub-
bat swimmers covertly while mini-
sea vehicle. Later that year, SOCOM
marines from scratch.
mizing swim time to keep the div-
awarded a potential $44.3 million
ers from becoming too exhausted to
contract to submarine maker Gener-
carry out their missions.
The DCS kind of mini-submarine

is intended to operate from combat
support surface ships or submarines.
Officials of the U.S. Special Oper-
These DCS vessels are to deliver spe-
ations Command (SOCOM) at Mac-
cial operations warfighters to their
Dill Air Force Base, Fla., announced
mission areas ready to fight, rather
a $166 million contract to the Lock-
than exhausted by long swims.
heed Martin Mission Systems and
The light and medium DCS un-
Training segment in Riviera Beach,
dersea vehicles were to move at
Fla., for the Dry Combat Submersible
speeds of at least five knots, at
(DCS) program. Lockheed Martin ex-
depths to 200 feet, with provisions
perts will design, build, test, and

maintain a dry-environment diver
lock-in/lock-out undersea-mobility
capability by designing and procur-
Lockheed Martin is attempting to design

an affordable mini-submarine based on
commercially available technologies to
transport Special Forces combat swimmers
ing commercially classed submers-
for two pilots.

Those dry submersibles were to
be sized to transport aboard C-5 or
C-17 cargo jets, or in standard 40foot surface ship containers. The
ibles for use by Special Forces in
al Dynamics Electric Boat in Groton,
DCS submersibles were to have mil-
special operations environments.
Conn., to prototype a lightweight
itary radios, military sonars, and
DCS mini-submarine to deliver com-
high-power, silver-zinc batteries.
The contract is necessary to fill a

capability gap for surface-launched
dry submersibles for use in harsh
bat swimmers.
The medium-sized DCS was to be
Lockheed Martin will receive

$26.8 million up-front, and will try
maritime environments. Lockheed
about 38 feet long with high endur-
to earn the remainder of the con-
Martin will capitalize on commer-
ance and high passenger and car-
tract value through successful re-
cially available submersible technol-
go capability that will be operated
search and demonstrations. Lock-
ogies and international classing safe-
from specially configured commer-
heed Martin was chosen for the job
ty certification to keep costs down.
cial surface ships, and potentially
over 33 other companies that had
from future submarine shelter sys-
expressed interest.
This project represents SOCOMs

latest attempt at the expensive,
tems. The lightweight DCS, mean-
On this contract Lockheed Mar-
time-consuming job of developing
while, was to be about 24 feet long
tin will do the work in Riviera Beach,
mini-submarines to transport Spe-
with moderate endurance and mod-
Fla., and in the United Kingdom, and
cial Forces warfighters covertly un-
erate passenger and cargo capability
should be finished by January 2022.
derwater to operational areas.
to operate from specially configured
SOCOM officials have been planning a submersible combat swimmer delivery system since can8
1608MAE_8 8
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
commercial surface ships.

These SOCOM DCS projects
sought to design and build prototype
FOR MORE INFORMATION visit
Lockheed Martin online at

www.lockheedmartin.com/us/mst.
8/1/16 8:08 AM
Army Corps on lookout for data storage

to replace obsolete subsystems
BY JOHN KELLER
HUNTSVILLE, Ala.
Information tech-
2017. World Wide prevailed over

five other companies for this data-storage job.
On this contract World Wide
World Wide Technology online

at www.wwt.com, or the Army
Corps of Engineers-Huntsville at
www.hnc.usace.army.mil.
Technology will do the work
nology (IT) experts at the U.S. Army
in Maryland Heights, Md., and
Corps of Engineers are on the look-
should be finished by March
out for new data storage subsystems to replace obsolete data stor-
age items at all affected Army Corps

of Engineer locations.
The Army Corps of Engineers
in Huntsville, Ala., announced
High Speed Board to Board
an $8 million contract to World
Compliant Connector
Wide Technology Inc. in Maryland

Heights, Md., to buy data storage
hardware, software, and maintenance, to replace the Corps obsolete
data storage items.
The Army Corps of Engineers requires a wide variety of IT equipment, including data storage in
its building and water-management activities.
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tries worldwide.
1608MAE_9 9
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
8/1/16 8:08 AM
S P EC I A L
REPORT
Todays
battle for the
electromagnetic
spectrum
U.S. and allied military forces are working on new
electronic warfare, cyber warfare, spectrum warfare, and
information warfare systems to seize and hold control of
communications, radar, and other important sensors.
BY J.R.
Wilson
Cyber warfare, information warfare,

electronic warfare (EW), spectrum
retired Adm. Jonathan Greenert.

The electromagnetic spectrum
Spectrum
warfare is just
The BAE
Systems electronic
attack technology uses
directed energy to attack,
degrade, or neutralize
an adversary.
warfare, electromagnetic maneuver
is an essential and invisible
as important as
warfare. Those are only some of the
part of modern life [military and
any other traditional
names by which U.S. military ex-
civilian]. Our military forces use
domain of war, Greenert
perts describe their offensive and
wireless computer networks to co-
insists. This environment is so fun-
defensive use of the electromag-
ordinate operations and order sup-
damental to naval operations and
netic spectrum.
plies, use radars and sensors to lo-
so critical to our national interests
Some believe it all should be
cate each other and the enemy, and
that we must treat it on par with
combined under just one term
use electronic jammers to blind en-
our traditional domains of land, sea,
Spectrum Warfare or Electromag-
emy radars or disrupt their com-
air, and space, Greenert says. In
netic Maneuver Warfare. Its label,
munications, Greenert says. With
fact, future conflicts will not be won
however, is not nearly so import-
wireless routers or satellites part of
simply by using the electromagnetic
ant as recognizing the new and rap-
almost every computer network, cy-
spectrum and cyberspace; they will
idly evolving reality of this com-
berspace, and the electromagnetic
be won within the electromagnetic
plex global environment, according
spectrum now form one continuous
spectrum and cyberspace. This will
to former Chief of Naval Operations
environment.
require changes to our operating
10
1608MAE_10 10
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
8/1/16 8:06 AM
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S PECIAL
REPORT
to look to offensive capabilities to
has been dwarfed by the commer-
disrupt the enemys ability to un-
cial telecommunications industry
derstand what is coming in. So we
and the global proliferation of the
are moving away from a single box
now-ubiquitous smartphone. That
aboard a single platform to a more
followed and further spurred com-
holistic mission look incorporating
mercial dominance in the evolu-
both offense and defense to get the
tion of faster, smaller, cheaper com-
job done. Still, there remain opera-
puter processors, memory, displays,
tional requirements differences be-
and cameras.
tween the services, he points out.

Small jammers that disrupt GPS signals are
available at low cost that can fit in a cars
cigarette lighter.
My perception is the Navy is op-
As a result, it became possible

for any nation or terrorist group, re-
erating in the large, very capable
gardless of size or military budget,
multimission platform mode, Men-
to challenge the U.S. in various as-
sa says. He uses the F-35 Joint Strike
pects of EW by developing or buying
concepts, military systems, and
Fighter (JSF) and the Next-Gener-
inexpensive GPS jammers. Without
most importantly a new way of
ation Jammer (NGJ) as multi-bil-
GPS, America would be in danger of
thinking in our Navy.
lion-dollar programs taking on the
losing the edge provided by its successful precision-guided munitions.
Dino Mensa, chief engineer for
world. Other services, such as the
electromagnetic spectrum domi-
U.S. Marine Corps, focus more on
nance/electromagnetic maneuver
modular, reprogrammable, rapid-
ture in EW. The proliferation of
warfare at the Naval Air Warfare
ly deployable, reconfigurable sys-
commercial technology in the tele-
Center-Weapons Division at Point
tem payloads for specific missions;
com world has really accelerated ev-
Mugu, Calif., says the nature of that
these mission-specific systems
erybodys capabilities. In the 1990s
environment and the technologies
solve all EW issues.
and before, the U.S. was dominant
being developed to operate safely
Right now, were at a major junc-
in a lot of specialized EW technolo-
within it will require multifunction
Role of commercial technology
gy. But with the growth of the com-
and multimission systems.
EW once largely was a U.S. domain,
mercial wireless market, a lot of
Increasingly, as we move for-
as evidenced by such archaic terms
other countries now have that tech-
ward, the lines between offense and
as information dominance. For the
nology, warns Joshua Niedzwiecki,
defense are blurring, Mensa says.
last 25 years or so, however, mil-
director of sensor processing & ex-
To be effective in defense, you need
itary-specific spectrum research
ploitation at BAE Systems Electronic

Systems segment in Nashua, N.H.
To counter that, Niedzwiecki
adds, the U.S. Department of Defense
(DOD) is seeking the help of the defense industry through their third
offset strategy, announced by the
Pentagon in November 2014, to identify and invest in innovative ways to
sustain and advance Americas military dominance for the 21st Century.
Historically, the first offset essentially was the threat of Americas then-dominant nuclear force
to counter the Soviet Unions over-
The BAE Systems electronic support technology intercepts, identifies, and locates sources of
radiated electromagnetic energy for threat recognition.
12
1608MAE_12 12
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
whelming advantage in conventional forces in Europe. As the Soviets

8/1/16 8:06 AM
began to match U.S. nuclear power,
EW is trying to be smarter, putting
before and try to jam it, cognitive
a second offset strategy was de-
that intel into the sensor, and allow-
EW measures how effective you are
vised, calling on the U.S. Defense
ing the EW system to adapt, on the
in keeping that radar from seeing
Advanced Research Projects Agency
fly, in real time during the mission,
you. And it remembers what works
(DARPA) to help integrate all prom-
based on what it is observing and
so you can use that same technolo-
ising new non-nuclear military tech-
how well it is performing. For ex-
gy the next time you see it.
nologies into a system-of-systems
ample, if you see a radar threat with
for joint-force deep attack.
characteristics youve never seen
Larry Rexford, EW strategy &

marketing manager at Rockwell
Now the advantages of that strategy also are eroding in the face of
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of science fiction, are moving toward center stage in the next evolution of EW.
Cognitive EW
Cognitive EW is one area in which
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Sample software and diagnostics
Niedzwiecki. One of the things my
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now, because they can change signal structure and quickly adapt frequencies, is you dont have a lot
of prior knowledge to draw from,
Niedzwiecki continues. Cognitive
1608MAE_13 13
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AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
13
8/1/16 8:06 AM
S PECIAL
REPORT
Collins in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, has

been involved in electronic warfare for 35 years, the first 25 as an
Air Force officer, including EW director in the Pentagon Requirements
Directorate. In his estimation, the
state-of-the-art in EW is the systems deployed on U.S. 5th generation fighters Lockheed Martins
F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II
and the data collection and processing capabilities of the Boeing RC-135
Rivet Joint reconnaissance aircraft.
Only the Air Force flies the F-22,
however, and that aircraft no longer is in production. The oft-delayed
The U.S. Air Force is developing new antennas for manned and unmanned aircraft that disrupt
enemy electronics with high-power microwaves.
F-35 has yet to achieve full operational capability and deployment.
says. The Chinese always play a
bilities arent fielded yet, but are
long game, geopolitically. I think
popping up in some new programs,
tion capabilities are not on par with
they have developed airborne EW
Rexford says. If you are looking at
the RC-135, except the U.K., which
capability, but havent employed it
an adversary using systems that
now has that platform, so [our allies]
as the Russians did. I know they
can change frequencies, youre al-
rely on support from the U.S. in that
have collection capability and prob-
ways trying to catch up. So we need
mission, Rexford says. For example,
ably attack, but I dont know if
to collect the signals, but also have
there are two vacant EW officer po-
they have integrated those into
cognitive, self-learning systems that
sitions on the NATO staff. Outside
operations.
can identify that and then, on the
Internationally, coalition collec-
of Tier 1 nations, such as the U.K.
Rexford describes himself as
fly, check its own records to see
and Australia, which is buying the
a traditionalist in the warfight-
what is the best way to adapt to
Growler [Boeing E/A-18G electronic
ing domain. You have to be able to
those. On the attack side, you see a
attack aircraft], no one is really in-
sense, protect yourself in the elec-
corresponding requirement to self-
vesting in this.
tromagnetic spectrum, and at-
learn and self-apply.
tack to achieve effects degrade,
DOD, with its third offset strat-
Capabilities of adversaries
deny, even destroy. When you ex-
egy, is responding to not only Rus-
In terms of potential adversaries,
ecute warfare in the electromag-
sian EW integration successes and
Russia integrated EW attack capa-
netic spectrum effectively, you
Chinese long-term electromagnet-
bilities into air maneuver elements
have effects in air, land, and na-
ic strategies, but also to the prolifer-
and were able to create huge ad-
val applications. There are new re-
ation of various types and levels of
vantages against Ukraine, Rexford
quirements. On the collection side,
EW offensive and defensive capabil-
continues. By doing that, they dis-
spread spectrum signals the
ities to second and third tier nations
rupted communications and situ-
new AESA radars and lower pow-
and terrorist organizations.
ational awareness to an extent the
er radars such as maritime surveil-
Ukrainian military could not act as
lance are creating a requirements
Electronic warfare proliferation
quickly as Russia could pivot.
pull for wide instantaneous band-
In June, for example, the Air Force
width capability.
Life Cycle Management Center
The Chinese also have advanced

EW capabilities to confront U.S. forc-
Were also seeing requirements
awarded a four-year, $118.5 million
es. You hear more about China in
for more autonomous capabilities.
sole-source contract to Raytheon
terms of cyber threats, Rexford
Cognitive and self-learning capa-
Missile Systems in Tucson, Ariz., for
14
1608MAE_14 14
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
8/1/16 8:06 AM
S PECIAL
REPORT
an additional lot of Miniature Air-
havent done that. So its not an in-
want to use as much of the electro-
Launched Decoy Jammers (MALD-J),
ability to create technology, it just
magnetic spectrum as possible, so
which are small unmanned aircraft
goes back to the lack of advoca-
there is a hunger to open new ar-
that jam enemy radar while spoof-
cy, which reduces funding. That dy-
eas of spectrum to operate in, to get
ing the characteristics of much larg-
namic is starting to change because
away from contested environments,
er U.S. and allied aircraft. The goal
people in Congress are looking at
but also to provide more ambiguity
is to force enemy missile batteries
what happened in Ukraine and are
as to where were operating.
to fire ground-to-air missiles at
asking if were protected against
the wrong targets, thus clearing a
what the Russians did there, espe-
borne EW technology is the lack of
path for real manned attack air-
cially if they do the same thing in
constant. The market faces rapid ad-
craft when those enemy missiles
Poland, for example. So the capabili-
vances in commercial technology
are depleted.
ty exists, not just current but future
driven largely by the smartphone
generations, out to 2025.
market, the continuation of Moores
At West Point, Army cadets are

being trained in the use of inexpen-
A major part of Nakasones part-
The only constant in future air-
Law, new materials and power sys-
sive cyber rifles to shoot down
nership concept is finding ways to
tems, and faster, smaller, more ca-
low-flying commercial unmanned
combine and adapt rapidly evolving
pable processors. These factors are
aerial vehicles (UAVs), such as those
commercial technologies to meet
pushing the merging of electron-
Russia used against Ukraine. While
ever-changing and growing mil-
ic warfare, spectrum warfare, cy-
current prototypes only are useful
itary requirements, preferably in
ber warfare, and information war-
against specific UAVs, the Army Cy-
ways it would be extremely difficult
fare into becoming a full and central
ber Institute is working on hand-
for potential adversaries to mim-
part of future combat.
held weapons for use against a wide
ic or counter.
I do see the trend of evolving
range of UAVs and possibly other

close-by electronic targets.
into a centerpiece, Mensa says.

The role of unmanned systems
Spectrum domination and the abil-
I see a drive and need to move
ity to project our will across swaths
clear about the threat: During a
away from preplanned mission exe-
of spectrum is a means to an end to
conflict, the Defense Department
cution and toward smart unmanned
achieving commanders intent. So
assumes that a potential adversary
platforms that can make decisions
the role of EW becomes more and
will seek to target U.S. or allied crit-
on the fly. Whether there would be
more central. I also see an increased
ical infrastructure and military net-
a human in the loop would depend
focus on EW to protect and enable
works to gain a strategic advantage.
on the time scale of what needs
our kinetic capabilities not just
The 2015 DOD Cyber Strategy is
to be done, the Naval Air Warfare
launch missiles, but make sure they
ed by Federal News Radio, Maj. Gen.
In a recent online event host-
Centers Mensa says. There are rev-
reach their targets. EW is a key en-
Paul Nakasone, Commander of CY-
olutionary folks who say we need
abler in that fight.
BERCOMs Cyber National Mission
to go all autonomous, but the evolu-
Force, explained the U.S. strategy
tionary camp says were not ready
however, also requires major chang-
to counter this growing threat: We
to relinquish control. I think ap-
es in how the U.S. government and
need to better integrate our forces
proaches are on the table.
the defense industry change how
into the planning and execution of
Machine learning and cognitive
For that enabler to become key,
they develop, acquire, deploy, train,
operations across the Department
artificial intelligence will be keys to
and employ future EW, relative to
of Defense, to build even stronger
the autonomous dream, Mensa says.
what U.S. adversaries are doing.
partnerships across the U.S. govern-
The first step is how do we capture
ment, with allies and industry.
what the EW experts do about at-
cern that potential U.S. adversaries
The lack of integration, Rexford
Military leaders share a con-
tacking threats based on the wave-
are able to observe, orient, decide,
maintains, is a key problem to the
form information we are seeing.
and act (OODA) more quickly than
future of U.S. electronic warfare.
Thats the cognitive approach and
U.S. forces can. That means retool-
machine learning is the enabler. We
ing to respond to warfighter needs
You have to integrate and we

1608MAE_15 15
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15
8/1/16 8:06 AM
S PECIAL
REPORT
quickly, and perhaps turn it around
at quite a bit is how do we take
an entire new radio system from
to a speed-to-fleet concept, Mensa
some of our legacy systems and
scratch, thats a multi-billion-dollar
says. Its a challenge because were
upgrade them to be more capa-
effort due to all the interoperability,
used to working programs of record
ble, says Niedzwiecki of BAE Sys-
fielding onto platforms. So upgrad-
and toward milestones, but to meet
tems. For example, Link 16 is a ra-
ing existing systems with better in-
the new threats, we need to respond
dio waveform designed and built in
tel is one way to do that affordably.
much more quickly.
the 1970s but still the primary com-
Niedzwiecki also identifies evolv-
mand and control and datalink sys-
ing adaptive threats as one of the
Worst-case scenarios
tem and a lot of what were doing is
most significant challenges facing
Military planners typically assume
designed to protect that.
the U.S. Navy and Air Force, particu-
the worst possible scenarios. At
The digital nature of todays mil-
larly in Eastern Europe and Asia.
the Warfare Center, we assume the
itary radios could be a key factor in
enemy is 20 feet tall because we
upgrading Link 16 and other mili-
Adaptive threats
have an incomplete knowledge of
tary radio networks. Because our
The operating environments differ,
their capabilities and how integrat-
radios today are reprogramma-
but what is consistent for any mis-
ed their overall warfighting capabil-
ble, we can better protect that in-
sion is it is all about keeping an ex-
ity may be. So we have to operate
vestment, Niedzwiecki says. If
pensive platform survivable, main-
under the assumption they are our
you want to design, build, and field
taining its capabilities, and allowing
peers and keep pushing forward to

tighten time cycles on new solutions
and procedures, Mensa says.
The assumption and maybe the reality is it takes us a
lot longer to get a new technology ready for fielding. Im hopeful
were addressing where it makes
sense to be cautious and where it
makes sense to rapidly field something. We cannot become too riskaverse. In a constrained fiscal environment, we tend to be so afraid
to fail we dont take on challenges
that might not work. And we cannot do that.
It is not just a matter of evolving
new technologies to address new or
more complex threats something
that would be impossible under current fiscal constraints. It also means
protecting legacy systems such as
Link 16 a military tactical data
exchange network used primarily by the U.S. and NATO aircraft,
ships, and ground forces to connect
in real time for text messages, images, and digital voice.
One of the things were looking
16
1608MAE_16 16
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
Rockwell Collins is working on networked electronic warfare systems to cover warfighters on

land, at sea, and in the air.
8/1/16 8:06 AM
S PECIAL
REPORT
integrated machine learning, and

the ability to use and apply AI in a
cognitive way that lets you detect,
analyze and react on the fly.
The U.S. EW capability has suffered from decades of adversaries
with little or minimal EW capabilities and incapable of challenging
U.S. air superiority. Russia, China,
and other potential future adversaries, however, used that time to close
the gap and achieve near-peer capability in EW, such as Russias integration of technologies something
the U.S. still has not accomplished.
The Raytheon Miniature Air Launched Decoy Jammer (MALD-J), shown above, is a relatively
simple air-launched unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed to jam and spoof enemy radar.
Officials say American forces also

still lack training in a near-peer EW
environment, integrating spectrum
it to operate with freedom of action
in Southwest Asia and plans to in-
maneuver with air and land forces.
and maneuver, Niedzwiecki
crease their presence aboard Navy
Which is another argument some
continues. EW is becoming more
ships means future adversaries will
put forward to support merging
and more a common feature on
face thousands of small deep attack
electronic warfare, cyber warfare,
all platforms, not just on dedi-
and swarming flying EW robots.
and information warfare under the
cated systems.
Electronic warfare also may be
In contested environments, large

aircraft become aluminum confet-
unified rubric of spectrum warfare.

As technology changes, the dy-
an increasingly more important ele-
ti very quickly, so you have to stand
namic changes in warfare, as does
ment of improving the survivability
off even though the collection range
the concept of operations and de-
of planes, ships, and land vehicles.
requirements havent changed,
ployment, Rexford says. One thing
Its all about advancing capa-
says Rockwell Collins Rexford. The
that has to change is the use of
bility to allow our platforms to op-
MALD-J, which was my program in
spectrum warfare to make it work.
erate in more highly contested en-
the Pentagon, helps disrupt the ene-
In the past, you dropped a bomb,
vironments where the spectrum
mys integrated defense system and
saw a hole, and considered it a suc-
is cluttered with a lot more friend-
I think you will see more of those
cess. But in EW, if you deploy a
ly and enemy signals and being able
in the future. For sense and attack,
weapon and a signal goes away, you
to sort all that electromagnetic soup
I think you will see UAVs becoming
dont know if you destroyed it or the
out and make sure our systems are
more and more important.
enemy simply shut it down.
able to communicate and sense
Also of importance will be new
We have to integrate spectrum
and combat enemy radar, Nied-
hardware and software architec-
warfare with maneuver warfare,
zwiecki says.
tures for electronic warfare systems
train that way, update doctrine to
of the future. Moores Law is allow-
capture that construct all that
been the purview of manned air-
Airborne EW traditionally has
ing for lower cost, more frequen-
has to be done to win the spectrum
craft. As such, plans to place EW ca-
cy-agile radars, but our processes
war in the future and, ultimately,
pabilities on all future and legacy
in the U.S. are still tied to hardware
in a near-peer environment, the war
platforms means manned defense
moving to software, Rexford says.
itself, Rexford says. If you dont
and attack will remain strong. Still,
Realistically, the only way to get at
win the spectrum war, you dont
major advances in UAV types and
the problem of counter-counter is
win the war. And thats not a good
capabilities during 15 years of war
to have a similar technology cycle,
position to be in.
1608MAE_17 17
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
17
8/1/16 8:06 AM
TECHNOLOGY F CUS
Cybersecurity and encryption

for the masses
Aerospace and defense systems designers investigate fast and affordable
ways to safeguard computers and communications from cyber attack
by plugging vulnerabilities and layering COTS cybersecurity.
BY John
Keller
No one has to be told
Partnership at Fort Meade, Md.
these days about the im-
Other CCRA members in-
portance of data encryp-
clude the United
tion and cybersecuri-
Kingdom, France,
ty. Retail chains have had
Germany, India, Ja-
their computer hacked to
pan, Israel, and
compromise customer security.
Canada.
Financial institutions have lost
The technical ba-
thousands, if not millions, of dol-
sis of the organiza-
lars, and U.S. political parties have
tion is the Common Cri-
suffered e-mail hacks to reveal cam-
teria for Information Technology
paign secrets.
Security Evaluation, which typicalThe Data Transport System (DTS1) from

Curtiss-Wright is a rugged network attached
storage (NAS) file server for use in unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAV), unmanned underwater
vehicles (UUV), and intelligence surveillance
reconnaissance (ISR) aircraft.
ly is known simply as the Common
tion historically has been expen-
aspects of a new generation of time-
resents a wide variety of mutual-
sive to obtain, and time-consuming
ly and affordable encryption is the
ly recognized encryption products
to certify.
Common Criteria Recognition Ar-
for secure IT products. More on the
Consensus among experts says

the problem will just get worse over
time. One of the primary keys to cybersecurity for government and private industry is encryption. The
problem, however, is that encryp-
Some of that might be chang-
Criteria, or just CC. It offers products

that licensed independent laboratories can evaluate for different security applications.
The Common Criteria rep-
rangement (CCRA), an international
Common Criteria and the CCRA is
ing, as encryption approaches are
agreement among 26 member coun-
online at https://www.commoncri-
emerging that are more afford-
tries that makes available different
teriaportal.org/.
able than traditional methods, and
encryption approaches for business,
that can be tied into new systems
military, and civil uses.
and upgrades far more quickly than

could be done in the past.
One of the more influential
18
1608MAE_18 18
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
Whats good enough?
The U.S. arm of the CCRA is the
Wide availability of cybersecuri-
U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)
ty and encryption products begs
National Information Assurance
the question: if these encryption
8/1/16 8:08 AM
schemes are so available and well-
The lessons learned from the
known, how secure can they real-
RQ-170 Incident have given rise
ly be?
to several new initiatives to safe-
For some applications these en-
guard data flowing over networks,
cryption products taken individu-
as well as data that resides on stor-
ally may be perfectly adequate. For
age devices in unpowered comput-
others especially for military,
er systems.
aerospace, homeland security, and

other life- and mission-critical ap-
Protecting UAV data links
plications just one might not be
On the UAV front, cybersecurity ex-
enough for reasonable assurance of
perts at Rockwell Collins in Cedar
security against malicious hackers
Rapids, Iowa, are working with spe-
or eavesdroppers.
cialists at other companies and gov-
Until recently the only other via-
ernment agencies to develop soft-
ble alternative for reliable and certi-
ware that can repel hackers even
fiable encryption and cybersecurity
over unsecured data links.
was the long-established Type I se-
One effort, sponsored by the U.S.
curity available through sources ap-
Defense Advanced Research Proj-
proved by the U.S. National Security
ects Agency (DARPA) in Arlington,
Agency (NSA) at Fort Meade, Md.
Va., is called High- Assurance Cy-
For a fair number of applications,
ber Military Systems (HACMS). The
however, NSA Type I encryption
Air Vehicle team in the HACMS proj-
is just too expensive to consid-
ect involves Rockwell Collins in Ce-
er even such that some systems
dar Rapids, Iowa, as well as the Boe-
designers had to go without encryp-
ing Co. Defense & Security Segment
tion and hope for the best. Some-
in St. Louis; Data61 in Canberra,
times taking such a risk has met
Australia; Galois Inc. in Arlington,
with dire consequences.
Va.; and University of Minnesota in
One of these involved the socalled RQ-170 Incident in Decem-
Minneapolis.
The Rockwell Collins team is de-
ber 2011 when Iranian military forc-
veloping embedded computing soft-
es commandeered a U.S. Lockheed
ware that can enable a UAV to keep
Martin RQ-170 Sentinel stealth un-
operating safely despite offboard
manned aerial vehicle (UAV) near
and onboard cyber attacks, Rockwell
Kashmar in northeastern Iran. An
Collins officials say. The team has
Iranian cyber warfare group took
demonstrated prototype secure soft-
control of the U.S. UAV, landed it,
ware on quadcopter UAVs, as well as
and took it apart to discover its
on the Boeing Unmanned Little Bird
technical secrets.
helicopter, which was able to resist
From the lack of a reliably secure

control data link, the U.S. may have
lost technological secrets that would
several cyber attacks launched by a

team of advanced hackers.
Our world is becoming more
take years to overcome. This pivotal
connected every day, and that in-
event caused a rethinking of encryp-
cludes the aviation industry,
tion and cybersecurity in the Penta-
says Darren Cofer, fellow at Rock-
gon, defense industry, and other en-
well Collins. Cybersecurity used
claves where security is essential.
to be a concern only for traditional
1608MAE_19 19
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
19
8/1/16 8:08 AM
TECHNOLOGY F CUS
computing systems and networks.
embedded computing systems: ex-
Now anything with embedded soft-
ternal interfaces; software bugs;
ware can be vulnerable to cyber at-
and communications and software
tack. As a result, we have to be
interfaces.
vigilant about protecting critical systems like avionics.

Coffer explains that hackers
have three approaches to attacking
First, hackers can exploit weak

external interfaces that have weak
or no encryption. Second, they can
exploit software bugs to create
Warfighters deployed in the field need the

ability to safeguard data on the move and
at rest from attempts to intercept or tamper
with mission-critical information.
vulnerabilities. Third, they can use
communications and software component interfaces in a way that software developers never intended.
Researchers involved in the
DARPA HACMS program are concentrating on those three vulnerabilities to safeguard systems that are
unencrypted from potential cyber
attacks.
Layered COTS security
The RQ-170 Incident also has given rise to the NSAs Commercial
Solutions for Classified program
(CSfC) a new way of delivering
encryption and cybersecurity solutions that capitalize on industry
developments.
The idea behind the NSAs CSfC
program is to provide encryption
and information assurance both
quickly and affordably and provide a viable alternative to expensive NSA Type I encryption for systems that might not be able to
afford it or have the time to implement it.
NSA experts founded the CSfC
program on the principle that
1608MAE_20 20
8/1/16 8:08 AM
Curtiss-Wright Corp. Defense Solutions segment in Ashburn, Va., describes the CSfC approach as overlaying two pieces of Swiss cheese.
If you have two pieces of Swiss
cheese, there are several holes, he
explains. If you rotate one piece 90
degrees, most of the holes are covered up. Any one piece might not be
adequate to protect a system, but if
you use two layers and cover most
of the holes, it can be good enough
for that application.
t
e Mounn)
SurfacP
I
lug and
(and rm
ers
Transnfo
ors
I duct
iately
immed
atalog
C
ll
fu
os
s .c o m
See Pic
c t r o n ic
w w w.p
ic o e le
Low Profile from
.18"ht.
The CSfC approach couldnt come

properly configured, layered solu-
at a more important time. Not only
tions can provide adequate protec-
are experts in the DOD and private
tion for classified data in a variety
business increasingly concerned
of different applications. This can
about cybersecurity and encryption,
enable aerospace and defense sys-
but the need to safeguard data also
Power & EMI Inductors
tems based on commercial off-the-
is expanding exponentially with an
shelf (COTS) hardware and software
explosion in the use of sensors, dig-
Ideal for Noise, Spike and Power Filtering

Applications in Power Supplies, DC-DC
Converters and Switching Regulators
to communicate securely based on
ital signal processing, and the so-
commercial standards in a solu-
called Internet of Things (IoT).
tion that can be fielded in months,
It is definitely gaining more mo-
not years, NSA officials say. More on
mentum, says David Jedynak, chief
the NSAs CSfC program is online
technology officer at Curtiss Wright
at https://www.nsa.gov/resources/
Defense Solutions. We can start with
everyone/csfc/.
things on the Common Criteria list,
The core approach of the CSfC
and instead of doing this big Type I
program is to layer two or more
thing, we can take this commercial
commercially developed encryption
solution with that commercial solu-
and cybersecurity approaches to
tion and bring them together.
provide information security solu-
Where time to market is a big
tions that might not be entirely im-
concern, this layered approach can
pregnable, but that are good enough
Audio Transformers
Impedance Levels 10 ohms to 250k ohms,
Power Levels to 3 Watts, Frequency Response
3db 20Hz to 250Hz. All units manufactured and
tested to MIL-PRF-27. QPL Units available.
Pulse Transformers
10 Nanoseconds to 100 Microseconds.
ET Rating to 150 Volt Microsecond,
Manufactured and tested to MIL-PRF-21038.
Multiplex Data Bus

Pulse Transformers
Plug-In units meet the requirements
of QPL-MIL-PRF 21038/27.
Surface units are electrical equivalents
of QPL-MIL-PRF 21038/27.
DC-DC Converter
Transformers
Input voltages of 5V, 12V, 24V And 48V.
Standard Output Voltages to 300V (Special
voltages can be supplied). Can be used as self
saturating or linear switching applications. All
units manufactured and tested to MIL-PRF-27.
400Hz/800Hz
Power Transformers
0.4 Watts to 150 Watts. Secondary Voltages 5V
to 300V. Units manufactured to MIL-PRF-27
Grade 5, Class S (Class V, 1550C available).
to one week
Delivery-Stock
antities
qu
e
pl
for sam
for the applications at hand.

Military communications and
computer developers describe the
redundant practice of using two or
800-431-1064
more security approaches as

belt and suspenders, or
using the parking brake
after putting the transmission in park.
Paul Davis, director of product management for data recording and storage products at the
1608MAE_21 21
The X-ES
XPort6105
is a secure selfencrypting, solid-state
drive packaged on an XMC
module that provides as much
as 512 gigabytes of storage, AES-256
XTS encryption, and fast clear.
in NY call 914-738-1400
Fax 914-738-8225
PICO
Electronics, Inc.
143 Sparks Ave. Pelham, N.Y. 10803
E Mail: info@picoelectronics.com
www.picoelectronics.com
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
21
8/1/16 8:08 AM
TECHNOLOGY F CUS
potential digital intruders out.
the networks users, Testoni says.
These and other conventional
The downside of this, however, is it
approaches are part of a mind-
requires a tremendous amount of
set of building walls and guard
compute power to research these
towers around important data
behaviors and detect anomalies.
and data pathways.

What happens, then, when
The Harris Corp. RF Communications segment in

Rochester, N.Y., designs and manufactures the KGV-72
encryption device, shown above, which provides the
ability to process classified messaging traffic.
Were starting to work on the

importance of the digital DVR, Tes-
the hackers get in? Mark Tes-
toni says. We look at and cap-
toni, president and CEO of SAP
ture the data inside your system,
National Security Services
and when you see deviations it
(SAP NS2), a cybersecurity spe-
can identify anomalies for further
cialist in Rockville, Md., says
investigation.
security experts are starting

to think about how to contain
Security experts at SAP NS2

are working on what Testoni calls
make the difference between win-
and otherwise deal with hackers af-
HANA, short for High-Performance
ning and not winning a contract.
ter theyve broken in, rather than
Analytic Appliance, that relies on
The rationale is cost and time, Je-
simply preventing them from access
a traditional database architec-
dynak says. A Type I development
to sensitive data.
ture. You have core compute pow-
can be five to six years long, while
On the protection side, histori-
er, data storage, and hundreds of
a CSfC development is two to three
cally we have done a really good job
thousands if I/Os going back and
years sometimes only 18 months.
of building perimeters around our
forth, he says.
Curtiss-Wright is using CSfC
systems, Testoni says. We contin-
HANA seeks to place all data and
two-layer approach to encryp-
ue to do that, but most recently en-
computing is one place, not in stor-
tion and cybersecurity with a prod-
cryption has taken on a more im-
age, with petabytes of informa-
uct to be launched in September
portant role with data on the move
tion available for analysis. This is a
called the Data Transport System 1
and data at rest.
real possible breakthrough, Testo-
(DTS1) for protecting stored data at
Security experts have to face the
ni says.
rest at times when computer sys-
fact that few, if any, defenses can
Another way to deal with digi-
tems are unpowered. Its part of the
be 100-percent effective. Beyond
tal break-ins involves user behavior
companys Trusted COTS (T-COTS)
perimeters, how do we look at our
analytics (UBA), which looks at in-
initiative.
own systems, assuming people are
dividual behavior on the network,
going to get in, Testoni says. We
based on documented normal be-
rest, but are also concerned about
People want to protect data at
have to make a mental presumption
havior, Testoni says. This isnt THE
having it encrypted and how people
that they are going to get in, and we
answer, but its a piece of the an-
can break through that encryption
have to figure out how to root them
swer, he says.
if they have it in their possession.
out.
A third approach is to effect a
We are working to address and en-
Perhaps the primary opportunity
hance our offerings in both areas,
today for cybersecurity providers is
vigilance of computer and network
says Steven Edwards, director of se-
how to help companies look at their
users to potential cyber threats
cure embedded solutions at Cur-
systems and network architectures,
such as those contained in what
tiss-Wright. Company officials say
and help assimilate data on various
look like routine e-mails, such as
they expect NSA certification for the
activities going on in the network,
dangerous attachments. Cyber de-
DTS1 by the end of 2017.
Testoni says.
fenses, detecting anomalies, and
Digital defenses
in lots of metadata-level informa-
a three-headed approach that will
Most encryption approaches to cy-
tion to help establish a baseline for
enable us to be successful, Testoni
bersecurity represent efforts to keep
normal activity of the network and
explains.
One approach to this is bringing
22
1608MAE_22 22
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
cultural change that increases the
increasing individual vigilance is
8/1/16 8:08 AM
RF&
m i crowave
Lockheed Martin to

upgrade TPQ-53 radar
microelectronics
Military microelectronics ex-
Army seeks to upgrade or replace

Patriot missile-defense radar system
BY John
Keller
perts at Lockheed Martin are up-
PICATINNY ARSENAL, N.J.
grading electronic components
missile experts want to upgrade or
in the AN/TPQ-53 fire-control ra-
replace the radar systems on the Pa-
dar to improve the systems abil-
triot air-defense missile system, and
ities to track and locate hostile
they are surveying industry to find
rocket, artillery, and mortar fires
companies able to do this.
in high-clutter environments. Of-
U.S. Army
Officials of the Army Contract-
ficials of the U.S. Defense Mi-
ing Command at Picatinny Arsenal,
croelectronics Activity (DMEA)
N.J., has issued a request for infor-
in McClellan Park, Calif., an-
mation (W15QKN16X06UY) for the
nounced their intention to award
Lower Tier Air and Missile Defense
a $4.1 million contract to Lock-
Sensor (LTAMDS) project to consider
heed Martin Mission Systems
upgrades or replacements to the Pa-
and Training in Syracuse, N.Y., to
triot missile radar to improve its ef-
make the AN/TPQ-53 upgrades.
fectiveness against emerging threats
The Q-53 solid-state phased array
and reduce maintenance costs.
radar detects, classifies, tracks,
The Army Raytheon Patriot sur-
The Army wants to upgrade or replace the

search and fire-control radar for the Patriot
air-defense missile, shown above, which has
been fielded more than 20 years.
upgrades or replacements for 80 Pa-
and determines the location of
face-to-air missile (SAM) uses the
triot radars over 10 years; and ex-
enemy indirect fire weapons like
Raytheon AN/MPQ-53 phased-array
pected test schedules. Army experts
rockets, artillery shells, mortars,
radar for high- to medium-altitude
also are interested in technologies
and even unmanned aerial ve-
air defense against enemy aircraft
critical to a Patriot radar upgrade or
hicles (UAVs) in either 360- or
and ballistic missiles. Army leaders
replacement, including high-pow-
90-degree modes.
want to keep Patriot in the field un-
er amplifiers, low-noise amplifi-
til at least 2040.
ers, limiters, low-noise oscillators,
Northrop Grumman

continues low-rate
production of IED jammers
Army experts want new or up-
AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies,
graded Patriot radar systems that
antennas, cooling systems, and
cost less than $50 million per instal-
prototypes.
Electronic warfare (EW) experts
lation. Solutions must be at least as
at Northrop Grumman are con-
mature as component and bread-
e-mail unclassified responses to
Companies interested should
tinuing production of common
board validation in relevant envi-
the Armys Gregory Smith at greg-
open-architecture RF jammers
ronments (Technology Readiness
ory.l.smith247.civ@mail.mil. Send
for infantry, land vehicles, and
Level 5) by late 2017.
classified responses by post or cou-
fixed sites to protect U.S. and al-
The Army Contracting Com-
lied warfighters from radio-con-
mand is issuing this RFI on behalf
SFAE-MSL-LTG, Bldg. 5250, Martin
trolled explosives. The U.S. Na-
of the Army Lower Tier Project Of-
Rd., Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898.
val Sea Systems Command in
fice (LTPO).
Washington announced a $103.4
From industry, the Army wants
million contract modification to
descriptions of proposed solutions;

expected per-unit costs of radar
1608MAE_23 23
rier to PEO Missiles and Space, Attn:
MORE INFORMATION IS online at
https://www.fbo.gov/otices/
35fb9706395f023d73813bc935d83300.
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
23
8/1/16 8:08 AM
RF&
m i crowave
SRCTec to build lightweight countermortar radar in $85 million order

BY John
Northrop Grumman Mission Systems in San Diego for low-rate

initial production of the Joint
Keller
Counter Radio-Controlled Impro-
ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, Md.
U.S.
vised Explosive Device (RCIED)
Army air-defense experts are ask-
Electronic Warfare, Joint Crew
ing engineers at SRCTec LLC in Syr-
(JCREW) Increment One Build
acuse, N.Y., to build lightweight
One (I1B1). CREW systems pro-
counter-mortar radar (LCMR) sys-
vide combat troops protec-
tems to help defend deployed war-
tion against RCIEDs and are de-
fighters from rocket, artillery, and
signed to provide protection for
mortar (RAM) attacks.
foot soldiers, vehicles, and per-
Officials of the Army Contract-
manent structures, Navy offiThe U.S. Army is asking engineers at SRCTec to

build lightweight counter-mortar radar (LCMR)
systems to defend deployed warfighters from
rocket, artillery, and mortar (RAM) attacks.
cials say. This integrated design
systems, as well as vehicle mounts,
detects incoming RAM from low-
creased protection against world-
spare parts, retrofit kits, and sup-
quadrant elevations, and pro-
wide threats.
port services.
vides a more accurate point of or-
ing Command at Aberdeen Proving

Ground, Md., announced a threeyear potential $85 million contract
modification to SRCTec for LCMR
makes the most of commonality across all capabilities, reduces

life-cycle costs, and provides in-
General Dynamics to

The LCMR family of counter-
igin calculation from greater dis-
fire radars from SRCTec provides
tances than its predecessors. The
360-degree surveillance and 3D
radar can be transported and op-
upgrade AN/MLQ-44A
SIGINT vetronics systems
rocket, artillery, and mortar location
erated on a vehicle such as a HM-
Military signals intelligence
using a non-rotating, electronically
MWV, or rapidly emplaced in rug-
(SIGINT) experts at General Dy-
steered antenna.
ged terrain by installing it on a
namics are ready to upgrade
tripod. The LCMR AN/TPQ-49 ra-
combat vehicle SIGINT vetronics
of the AN/TPQ-49 and AN/TPQ-50.
The SRCTec LCMR family consists
dar can be assembled or disassem-
system to enhance the systems
The TPQ-50 is the official Army pro-
bled by two soldiers in 20 minutes.
ability to detect, identify, locate,
gram of record, while the TPQ-49 is
It mounts on a tripod using light-
and deter a wide range of sig-
designed for expeditionary forces,
weight antenna hardware. The rel-
nal emissions on the battlefield.
company officials say.
atively small system consumes low
Officials of the U.S. Army Con-
prime power, making it suitable for
tracting Command at Aberdeen
low-profile operation.
Proving Ground, Md., announced
The radar systems detect and

track several different rounds fired
from separate locations, and send
SRCTec originally won a potential
plans to award a sole-source
early-warning messages indicating
$281.8 million contract in July 2013
contract to General Dynam-
a round is incoming. The radar also
to manufacture LCMR systems. On
ics Mission Systems in Scotts-
pinpoints the location of the incom-
the contract modification, SRCTec
dale, Ariz., to upgrade 47 fielded
ing rounds launcher for counter-fire
will do the work at locations deter-
AN/MLQ-44A Prophet-Enhanced
from friendly artillery, mortars, or
mined with each order and should
SIGINT vetronics systems to the
aircraft. Both systems are designed
be finished by July 2019.
latest AN/MLQ-44B configura-
to cover 360 degrees over a nearly

200-square-mile area. The systems
can be adapted to cover narrower
sectors at longer ranges, if necessary.
The LCMR AN/TPQ-50 system
24
1608MAE_24 24
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
tion. Prophet offers a near-realFOR MORE INFORMATION visit SRCTec
online at www.srcinc.com, or the

Army Contracting CommandAberdeen at http://acc.army.mil/
contractingcenters/acc-apg.
time picture of the battlespace

through SIGINT sensors and
high-performance computing.
8/1/16 8:08 AM
UN M A N N ED
vehicles
BAE Systems to build

undersea navigation
without GPS for UUVs
BAE Systems engineers are
UUV networks needed for covert

surveillance of global shipping
BY John
Keller
developing an experimental GPS-like undersea nav-
WASHINGTON
igation system to enable
are asking industry for ideas on devel-
manned submarines and
oping networks of unmanned under-
unmanned underwater ve-
water vehicles (UUV) for covert sur-
hicles (UUVs) to navigate ac-
veillance of international ship traffic
curately with sonar beacons
in important harbors, waterways, and
instead of inertial measure-
choke points.
ment units (IMUs) or global
U.S. intelligence experts
U.S. intelligence experts want to monitor

global surface ship traffic using networks of
unmanned underwater vehicles.
Officials of the U.S. Intelligence Ad-
positioning system (GPS) sat-
vanced Projects Agency (IARPA) in
The ability to monitor vessel traffic
ellite navigation. Officials of
Washington issued a sources-sought
secretly from below the oceans sur-
the U.S. Defense Advanced
notice (IARPA-BAA-16-09) for the Un-
face, much the same as orbiting sat-
Research Projects Agency
derWatch project, which seeks to use
ellites monitor ground and air traf-
(DARPA) in Arlington, Va.,
UUV networks to monitor ships and
fic, could help federal law enforcement
have chosen the BAE Sys-
maneuver to inspect contacts of inter-
detect, pinpoint, and characterize
tems sensor processing and
est. IARPA is the research arm of the
maritime threats before they become
exploitation group in Merri-
U.S. Director of National Intelligence.
disasters. With this sources-sought
mack, N.H., for the Position-
The project will develop an under-
notice, IARPA officials are trying to ob-
ing System for Deep Ocean
sea remote-sensing capability to ob-
tain information on industrys abil-
Navigation (POSYDON) pro-
serve a broad set of vessel types at
ity to perform research projects on
gram. The DARPA POSYDON
long range, including container ships,
persistent remote surveillance of the
program aims to develop
cruise ships, commercial fishing traf-
worlds ocean traffic. It is not a request
an undersea navigation sys-
fic, recreational vessels, go-fast boats,
for proposals, yet may help IARPA
tem to enhance the U.S. Na-
and self-propelled semi-submersibles,
compile a qualified bidders list.
vys ability to provide pre-
IARPA officials say.
cise positioning throughout
IARPA officials are looking for in-
The worlds oceans carry 90 per-
formation on the design of UUVs and
the ocean basins while re-
cent of global trade and key water-
UUV autonomy, communications, nav-
maining below the oceans
ways like the Strait of Hormuz and
igation, sensing, power, propulsion,
surface, BAE officials say.
Strait of Malacca carry as much as 35
and sensor payloads; and on UUV or
The value of the contract
percent and 25 percent of the worlds
manned submarine sensing for the au-
was not released. POSYDON
seaborne oil shipments, respectively,
tomated detection of maritime con-
seeks to develop undersea
IARPA officials say.
tacts from underwater or above the
navigation capability that
While the sea lanes are a vital eco-
surface.
enables submerged UUVs
nomic avenue, they are conduits for
and submarines to navigate
international terrorism, drug traffick-
non-classified responses to IARPA at
over long periods and long
ing, illegal immigration, worldwide
dni-iarpacontracts@iarpa.gov.
ranges without surfacing for
trafficking of women and children, il-
a GPS fix to fine-tune their
licit transfer of materials for weap-
positioning.
ons of mass destruction, and arms

trafficking.
1608MAE_25 25
Companies interested should e-mail
MORE INFORMATION IS online at https://

www.fbo.gov/notices/0894ed051e29ac
4a920a7312b08d5c16.
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
25
8/1/16 8:08 AM
ELECTRO
O
OPTICS
watch
c
Vest-worn devices, moreover,
DHS experts want to

monitor the health
of the agencys dogs
working in harsh
conditions.
may overheat dogs, and sometimes

the animals may destroy the wearable devices by chewing. Digital
data storage also may be necessary
for those times when the dog moves
out of range of the handler. Battery
life, of course, is a big concern.
To overcome these challenges,
DHS experts are asking industry for
ideas and technologies to help monitor the health and welfare of dogs
without degrade the animals mobility or performance. Specifically, DHS
experts are interested in dog-wear-
DHS needs rugged dog-wearable electronics

to monitor health of trained canines
BY John
Keller
WASHINGTON
able electronics that can record and

transmit canine vital signs; retrieve,
store, and analyze vital sign data;
and maintain and update canine
sensor components.
U.S. border-control
authorities are trying to equip spe-
border crossings.
With about 1,400 canine teams,
For the programs first phase,

DHS officials envision separate con-
cially trained dogs with rugged
the Customs and Border Protection
tracts worth $50,000 to $200,000
wearable electronics to gather field
Canine Program is one of the largest
that last for three to six months.
intelligence and monitor the health
and most diverse law enforcement
Successful prototypes could yield
of the canines when they work in
canine programs in the country, of-
longer contracts worth $200,000
harsh environments.
ficials say.
to $800,000 over periods as long
Officials of the U.S. Department
Wearable health-monitoring sen-
as two years. Contracts would in-
of Homeland Security (DHS) in
sors would be important because
volve proofs of concept, working
Washington have issued a solicita-
border-patrol dogs must work quick-
prototypes, and initial production
tion (HSHQDC-16-R-00093) for the
ly, under pressure, in varied cli-
models.
K9 Wearable Technologies project,
mates. Wearable technologies to
which seeks to develop dog-wear-
diagnose illness and measure per-
e-mail responses no later next year
able, intelligence-gathering sensors
formance have become common-
than 7 June 2017 to DHS-Silicon-Val-
and health-monitoring devices.
place for human wearers. Now DHS
ley@hq.dhs.gov. For questions or
wants to do the same for dogs.
concerns, contact the DHSs Aar-
Border-patrol dogs have become
Companies interested should
the best tool available to detect and
Developing dog-wearable elec-
on Ford by e-mail at Aaron.Ford@
apprehend persons attempting en-
tronics, however, is easier said than
hq.dhs.gov, or by phone at Aaron.
try to organize, incite, and carry
done. Maintaining sufficient skin
Ford@hq.dhs.gov.
out acts of terrorism, DHS officials
contact on dogs may be difficult,
say. Dogs also are useful in help-
for example, and wearable devic-
ing agents to detect and seize ille-
es could be uncomfortable or hinder
gal drugs and other contraband at
the animals performance.
26
1608MAE_26 26
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
https://www.fbo.gov/spg/DHS/OCPO/
DHS-OCPO/HSHQDC-16-R-00093/
listing.html.
8/1/16 8:08 AM
Air Force kicks off airborne electrooptical sensor program for surveillance
BY John
Keller
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB, Ohio
U.S.
G5IR long-range,

electro-optical, targetdetection system
introduced by
Sierra-Olympic
upcoming broad agency announce-
Air Force researchers are kicking
ment (BAA-AFRL-RQKS-2016-0010)
Sierra-Olympic Technologies in
off a new effort to advance electro-
that will be released next September
Hood River, Ore., is introducing
optical sensor technologies for in-
or October.
the G5IR 550CZ-18 electro-op-
telligence, surveillance, reconnais-
The objective of this contract is
tical, long-range, target-detec-
sance (ISR), targeting, and situa-
to conduct Research and Develop-
tion and surveillance system
tional awareness for manned and
ment to advance and mature the
designed for all-weather securi-
unmanned aircraft.
Air Force Research Laboratorys
ty applications. The 550CZ-18 is

an advanced midwave infrared
(MWIR) imaging system featuring long-range target detection
with recognition capabilities.
The 18X continuous zoom lens
provides 18 degrees of horizontal field of view (HFOV) at wide
angle and 1-degree horizontal
field of view at narrow angle.
The thermal camera system can
detect human-sized targets at
18 ranges farther than 11 miles
in good conditions. The 640-by512-pixel indium antimonide detector with a 15-micron pitch is
optimized to operate in the 3-to5-micron, medium-wave infra-
U.S. Air Force experts are ready to approach industry for electro-optical sensor technologies
for intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR), targeting, and situational awareness for
manned and unmanned aircraft
red spectrum, commonly considered the best waveband for

imaging in marine and high-humidity environments. Oth-
Officials of the Air Force Re-
portfolio of electro-optical sensors
er all-weather applications for
search Laboratorys (AFRLs) sen-
and related technology for intelli-
the 550CZ-18 camera system in-
sors directorate at Wright-Patterson
gence, surveillance, and reconnais-
clude: border protection, vessel
Air Force Base, Ohio, briefed indus-
sance (ISR), targeting, and situation-
traffic monitoring, critical in-
try on details of the Electro-Opti-
al awareness for manned, remotely
frastructure protection, and air-
cal Combined Hyperspectral Imag-
piloted, and autonomous aircraft.
port perimeter surveillance.
FOR QUESTIONS OR concerns, contact

Sierra-Olympic Technologies
online at www.sierraolympic.com.
ing, Infrared Search and Track, and

Long Range Imaging R&D (EO-CHIL)
project.
The EO-CHIL project relates to an
1608MAE_27 27
the Air Forces Richard Van Hook by

phone at 937-713-8589, or by e-mail
at afrl.ry.eo-chil@us.af.mil.
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
27
8/1/16 8:08 AM
PRODUCT
applic at ions
TARGET DESIGNATORS
sensors, as well as a green laser dot
Navy chooses laser designators

from B.E. Meyers for boat crews
to help aim weapons.

The DIAL-100G laser target
U.S. Navy surface warfare spe-
multifunction aiming laser that
designator and infrared illuminator
cialists needed laser designators
combines an infrared pointer and
weighs 13.5 ounces, measures
with infrared illumination capa-
illuminator and visible green laser.
3.75 by 1.2 by 3 inches, and can
bility to enable Navy Special
The DIAL-100G (SKU: 432P)
illuminate targets with its green
Operations boat teams to illu-
was designed for the crew-served
laser as far away as 1.5 miles. Its
minate targets in low-light
weapons of Navy special operations
infrared illuminator can light-
conditions. They found their
boat teams to provide day and night
up targets as far away as three
solution at B.E. Meyers & Co. Inc.
target marking with infrared laser-
miles and provides a 55-degree
in Redmond, Wash.
in-laser technology, B.E. Meyers
field of view.
Officials of the Naval Surface
officials say.
Warfare Center Crane Division
These devices help Navy Special
in Crane, Ind., announced their
Operations sailors operate machine
intention to negotiate a sole-
guns and other crew-served
source contract with B.E. Meyers
weapons in darkness and other low-
for 15 of the companys DIAL-100G
light conditions.
aiming laser.
The DIAL-100G provides
The B.E. Meyers DIAL-100G

(AN/PEQ-11A) is a high-power,
WEAPON SIGHTS
illumination for infrared nightvision goggles and other infrared
N2 engineers will develop the
https://www.fbo.gov/spg/DON/
NAVSEA/N00164/N0016416T0126/
listing.html. Also contact B.E.
Meyers & Co. Inc. online at
www.bemeyers.com, or Naval
Surface Warfare Center-Crane
at www.navsea.navy.mil/Home/
Warfare-Centers/NSWC-Crane.
The second phase will involve de-
N2 Imaging Systems to build

Armys first clip-on thermal weapon
sight designed for snipers
new night-vision weapon sight for
livery orders to design, build, and
sniper rifles in three phases. First,
test low-rate initial production (LRIP)
N2 engineers will design, build, and
versions of the sights. The last phase
U.S. Army night-vision experts are
test engineering and manufacturing
will involve delivery orders to pro-
asking electro-optical engineers at
development versions of the sniper
vide full-rate production versions of
N2 Imaging Systems LLC in Irvine,
night-vision weapon sights.
the sniper sights. If Army leaders ex-
Calif., to build the Armys first clip-
ercise all options, they would ask N2
on thermal weapon sight specifical-
Imaging Systems to build as many
ly developed and fielded for snipers.
as 5,375 night-vision sniper weapon
Army Contracting Command of-
sights.
ficials at Aberdeen Proving Ground,
N2 engineers will develop weap-
Md., awarded an $81.1 million five-
on sights for in-line mounting with
year contract to N2 Imaging Systems
the snipers day sight to enhance the
for the Army Family of Weapons
shooters ability to fire accurately at
Sights-Sniper.
targets in all light levels and limited
28
1608MAE_28 28
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
8/1/16 8:09 AM
visibility scenarios, officials say.

A sniper, what the Army used to
motherboard to track rotating elec-
The IFF data from one AN/UPX-
tronics subsystems. They found
24(V) can be synchronized with as
call a marksman, operates from hid-
their solution from North Atlantic
many as four individual radars, and
ing alone or with a partner and main-
Industries (NAI) in Bohemia, N.Y.
provides the operator with synthet-
tains constant visual contact with
Officials of Naval Air Systems
ic IFF symbology for target recog-
the enemy. When he has the oppor-
Command at Patuxent River Naval
nition and tracking. The system is
tunity, the sniper shoots important
Air Station, Md., announced their in-
installed in Ticonderoga-class cruis-
enemy targets and personnel from
tention to award a sole-source con-
ers, Arleigh Burke-class destroyers,
distances or from cover that the ene-
tract to NAI for the com-
Wasp-class amphibi-
my cannot detect.
panys 64SD1 VME-6U
ous assault ships, San
synchro/resolver-to-dig-
Antonio-class amphib-
targets with special large-caliber ri-
Snipers typically are trained to hit
ital measurement
ious transport docks,
fles from long distances. In addition
motherboard.
and Nimitz-class air-
to accurate long-range shooting, mil-
Resolvers and syn-
craft carriers.
itary snipers are trained in detec-
chros are transducers
tion, stalking, estimating range to
that convert the angular
they plan to buy the
target, camouflage, field craft, infil-
position and velocity of a
boards from NAI sole-
tration, special reconnaissance and
rotating shaft to an elec-
source because the
observation, surveillance, and target
trical signal. A resolver-to-digital or
companys 64SD1 is the only part
acquisition.
synchro-to-digital converter con-
that meets the form, fit, and func-
In the past, snipers typically have
Navy officials say
verts these signals to a digital out-
tion requirements and that works
been limited to operating in daylight
put corresponding to the shaft angle
with existing software.
because accurate long-range sniper
and velocity.
weapon sights were not widely avail-
The NAI 64SD1 is a VME synchro/
The specific application for the
resolver measurement board that
able. The Army is looking to N2 Im-
NAI 64SD1 was not specified in
provides 16 synchro-to-digital con-
aging Systems to change all that.
the Navy announcement. In July
verter channels, with accurate ve-
2013, however, Naval Air Systems
locity outputs, that can be used in
vision snipers weapon sight to en-
N2 engineers will develop a night-
Command announced their inten-
single-speed or two-speed modes.
hance the snipers ability to engage
tion to buy the NAI 64SD1 for the
targets accurately in all light levels
AN/UPX-29(V) Interrogator Sys-
self-test, optional programmable
and in limited visibility. The compa-
tem Mode 5 shipboard identifi-
reference supply, and is available for
ny prevailed over two other bidders
cation-friend-or-foe (IFF) system
military or commercial applications.
for this contract.
aboard Navy Arleigh Burke-class
On this contract N2 will do the

work in locations to be determined,
and should be finished by June 2021.
guided missile destroyers.

The AN/UPX-24(V) interrogator
The board provides wrap-around
The 64SD1 has 16-bit resolution, with optional 24 bits combined;

plus-or-minus 1 arc-minute accu-
set is manufactured by Northrop
racy; continuous background built-
Grumman and integrates the NAI
in testing with reference and signal
64SD1. The AN/UPX-24(V) is the core
loss detection; self-calibration; 50 Hz
identification-friend-or-foe (IFF) pro-
to 10 kHz operation; tracking rate
cessor of the AN/UPX-29(V) ship-
to 150 revolutions per second; pro-
MOTION CONTROL
board interrogator system. It iden-
grammable 2-speed ratios if 2 to 255;
Navy chooses 6U VME synchroresolver from North Atlantic Industries
tifies aircraft and surface vessels
power-on self-test; and digital veloc-
equipped with selective identifica-
ity outputs.
U.S. Navy military aviation ex-
tion feature (SIF) modes 1, 2, 3A, and
perts needed a 6U VME synchro/
C, and provides secure identification
resolver-to-digital measurement
of cooperative mode 4 targets.
North Atlantic Industries online at

www.naii.com.
N2 Imaging Systems online at

www.n2imaging.com.
1608MAE_29 29
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
29
8/1/16 8:09 AM
new products
To submit new products for consideration,

contact John Keller at jkeller@pennwell.com.
MICROPROCESSORS
simulation models). Supporting PCI Express Gen 3 and
FPGA development devices for rad-hard space

applications introduced by Microsemi
10-Gigabit Ethernet (XAUI) and advanced Gen3 band-
Microsemi Corp. in Aliso Viejo,
offer several connector choices, including a high-vibra-
Calif., is introducing the
tion option. Dawn uses VITA 68 S-parameter simulation
RTG4 PROTO field-pro-
models of signal paths across the backplane to insure
grammable gate array
compliance with signal integrity standards. In the sim-
(FPGA) as a development
ulation models, a signal integrity budget is established
device for radiation-hardened
for the backplane portion of a system. These mod-
space applications. The devices are developed to en-
els permit simulation of the backplane with available
able prototyping of space systems, and enable low-cost
OpenVPX modules and connectors. Using these simula-
prototyping and design validation for radiation-toler-
tions to guide the backplane designs, Dawn engineers
ant, high-speed FPGAs. Microsemis RTG4 PROTO FPGAs
use back drilling to remove stubs and then layout paths
enable hardware timing verification, as well as pow-
to eliminate impedance discontinuities. The goal is to
er evaluation. As the devices use the same reprogram-
optimize the path between any pair of transmitting and
mable flash technology as flight units, they can be re-
receiving chips in the systems.
programmed several times without being removed from
FOR MORE INFORMATION visit Dawn VME online at
the development board. Catering to the requirements of
www.dawnvme.com.
width module configurations, Dawn Gen3 backplanes
space system designers who must design for the harsh

environment beyond Earths atmosphere, the RTG4
PROCESSOR BOARDS
PROTO FPGAs are electrically tested to ensure performance over full military temperature ranges and are of-
PCI Express board based on Xilinx UltraScale

FPGA introduced by BittWare
fered in non-hermetic, ceramic packages. In addition
BittWare Inc. in Concord, N.H., is introducing the
to satellite applications, Microsemis RTG4 FPGAs are
XUSP3R 3/4-length PCI Express board for a wide range
for space-launch vehicles, planetary orbiters and land-
of data center and networking applications, includ-
ers, and deep-space probes. Target customers include
ing cybersecurity, net-
designers, program managers, system architects, and
work processing, com-
component engineers serving the space market.
pute acceleration, and
FOR MORE INFORMATION visit Microsemi online at
storage. The commer-
www.microsemi.com.
cial off-the-shelf (COTS)

board is based on the
BACKPLANES
Xilinx UltraScale VU190 field-programmable gate array
3U OpenVPX backplanes for mission-critical

systems introduced by Dawn VME
(FPGA), and offers as many as four Gen3 x8 PCI Express
Dawn VME Products in Fremont, Calif., is introduc-
supporting 16 lanes of 25 gigabits per second or four
ing the VPX-598x series Gen3 3U OpenVPX backplanes
lanes of 100 gigabits per second including 100 Gigabit
for mission-critical em-
Ethernet. Four DIMM sockets support memory config-
bedded computing appli-
urations including as much as 256 gigabytes of DDR4
cations. Dawns Gen3 3U
memory across four 72-bit-wide banks; alternative-
OpenVPX backplanes are
ly, designers can populate each of those DIMMs sock-
designed for signal integri-
ets with BittWares dual-bank QDR DIMMs, each provid-
ty at speeds to 10.3 gigab-
ing 576 megabits of QDR-II+. An optional Hybrid Memory
aud (per VITA 68 backplane
Cube (HMC) module with as much as 4 gigabytes also is
30
1608MAE_30 30
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
interfaces, along with four front-panel QSFP28 cages,
8/1/16 8:09 AM
available which can be populated in addition to, and in-
and is for mission-critical envi-
dependent of, the DIMMs.
ronments that demand supe-
FOR MORE INFORMATION visit BittWare online at
rior quality of service,
www.bittware.com.
high reliability, and improved uptime through
EMBEDDED COMPUTING
the ability to recov-
Rugged embedded computer for unmanned

systems introduced by Curtiss-Wright
er from partial network
The Curtiss-Wright Corp. Defense Solutions Division
space applications with the need to conserve power and
in Ashburn, Va., is introducing the Parvus DuraCOR
minimize heat dissipation in delivering sensor-derived
311 small-form-factor rugged commercial off-the-shelf
data, such as from IP cameras, cannot tolerate a delay
(COTS) embedded computing subsystem for demand-
of even a few seconds, Abaco officials say. Abaco engi-
failure via redundancy and fail-over. Military and aero-
ing applications like un-
neers adapted the companys GBX411 3U OpenVPX Layer
manned systems. The
2/3 rugged Ethernet switch to reduce the devices pow-
Parvus DuraCOR 311
er on to fully functional time from about 30 seconds to
mission computer com-
15 seconds. Abacos rugged GBX411 supports 24 Gigabit
bines 64-bit quad-core
Ethernet and four 10 Gigabit Ethernet ports. The switch
Intel Baytrail Atom mod-
is qualified to several military standards.
ular mission process-
FOR MORE INFORMATION visit Abaco Systems online at
ing capabilities with in-
www.abaco.com.
tegrated Intel HD graphics. The mission computer

weighs less than 1.5 pounds and is smaller than 40 cubic inches. The mission computer has a robust, flexible, and modular chassis suitable for civil and military
unmanned aerial systems (UAS), helicopters, and military ground vehicles. The DuraCOR 311 are pre-validated through environmental, power, and EMI compliance
testing per military standards and DO-160. The system
19"
RUGGEDIZED
RACKS
ERacks
Welded Aluminum Lightweight & Rugged

U to 1U Sizes EMI/EMC Shielding Available
ble
is designed to meet MIL-STD-810G, MIL-STD-461F, MILSTD-1275D, MIL-STD-704F, and RTCA/DO-160G environmental, power, and EMI standards. I/O interfaces in-
Amazon R
A
Racks
k
Rotomolded Polyethylene Integral Wheels
4U to 14U Sizes Short Lead Times
clude USB, Ethernet, serial, DIO, video, and audio. I/O

expansion consists of three Mini-PCI Express expansion
slots. The DuraCOR 311 also has mil-spec circular connectors and a dust and waterproof chassis.
FOR MORE INFORMATION visit Curtiss-Wright Defense
Solutions online at www.curtisswrightds.com.
19" rack-mount transit cases are shockmounted, with 19"-34" deep chassis- .

!

"
" -#
$.%#&#&&'
. %#&#&&'
&()*+(.($&
,
RUGGED ETHERNET
CP Cases, Inc.
(410) 352-9450
sales.usa@cpcases.com
www.cpcases.com
Ethernet switch for networked embedded

computing introduced by Abaco
Abaco Systems in Huntsville, Ala., is introducing a managed Ethernet switch for networked embedded computing applications with a power on to fully functional elapsed time comparable to that of an unmanaged
switch. The new Ethernet switch is based on the Abaco
GBX411 3U OpenVPX Layer 2/3 rugged Ethernet switch,
1608MAE_31 31
AU G U ST 2 0 1 6
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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF John Keller
603 891-9117 jkeller@pennwellcom

EXECUTIVE EDITOR Courtney E. Howard
509 413-1522 courtney@pennwellcom

CONTRIBUTING EDITOR
WESTERN BUREAU J. R. Wilson
702 434-3903 jrwilson@pennwellcom
You can now read Military Aerospace

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Take Military Aerospace & Electronics

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1608MAE_C4 4
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AUGUST 2016

VOL. 27, NO. 8

Todays battle for the

Aerospace and defense systems designers

Cybersecurity and encryption

For more information call

MILITARY & AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS

BY JOHN KELLER, EDITOR IN CHIEF

The siren song of radarevading stealth aircraft

helping predict severe weather events

creasingly rely on so-called stealth

like thunderstorms and tornadoes.

we see reports about new stealth-de-

technology to conceal manned and

Rain isnt difficult for radar; it pro-

tecting radar systems. Russias pow-

unmanned aircraft from enemy ra-

vides a nice return signal when its RF

erful over-the-horizon Podsolnukh

dar. We forget, however, that radar

energy bounces off its water droplets.

(Sunflower) radar reportedly is capa-

is adapting quickly, and its only one

We should think about this when

Wind is something different;

ble of detecting and tracking stealthy

theres nothing in moving air itself

fifth-generation aircraft like the Lock-

that can provide a radar return. In-

heed Martin F-35 or any other fighter

of the most expensive and closely

stead, weather radar detects things

jet designed to avoid detection.

guarded military secrets since it first

blowing around in the wind bugs,

If these reports are true, the Rus-

appeared in the mid-1980s, with air-

birds, leaves, and other solid objects

sian Sunflower radar isnt magic; its

craft like the now-obsolete F-117.

that can reflect a radar signal. Or-

just one step ahead in the cat-and-

of many ways to detect aircraft.

nithologists are using the signals

mouse game we call electronic war-

to compromise the effects of enemy

Stealth uses angles and coatings

from weather radar to track the an-

fare (EW). Aircraft designers will ad-

radar. It attempts to deflect and ab-

nual bird migrations. If a radar can

just, as will radar designers. Theres

sorb radio waves to fool enemy radar

do this, rest assured it can detect

really no end in sight, but I would

into thinking an aircraft is some-

even the smallest aircraft. The trick

guess that eventually no aircraft will

thing other than what it really is.

for radar designers is to know what

be able to hide from radar.

Lets be clear: stealth technolo-

theyre looking for, and tune their