definition of hyponym

in linguistics, a specific term used to designate a member of a class.

For instance, daisy and rose are hyponyms of flower.

Words that are hyponyms of the same superordinate term (that is, a
hypernym) are called co-hyponyms. See Examples and
Observations, below.
In linguistics, a hyponym (from Greek hup, "under" and onomas,
"name") is a word or phrase whose semantic field[1] is included
within that of another word, its hyperonym or hypernym (from Greek
hupr, "over" and onomas, "name") .[2] In simpler terms, a
hyponym shares a type-of relationship with its hypernym. For
example, pigeon, crow, eagle and seagull are all hyponyms of bird
(their hypernym); which, in turn, is a hyponym of animal.[3]
A Test for Hyponymy
"Hyponymy involves specific instantiations of a more general
concept such as holds between horse and animal or vermillion and
red or buy and get. In each case, one word provides a more specific
type of concept than is displayed by the other. The more specific
word is called a hyponym and the more general word is the
superordinate which may also be referred to as a hyperonym or
hypernym . . .. Where the words being classified according to this
relation are nouns, one can test for hyponymy by replacing X and Y
in the frame 'X is a kind of Y' and seeing if the result makes sense.
So we have '(A) horse is a kind of animal' but not '(An) animal is a
kind of horse' and so on."

Inclusion
"In general, there are a number of hyponyms for each
superordinate. For example, boar and piglet are also hyponyms of
the superordinate pig, since the meaning of each of the three words
sow, boar, and piglet 'contains' the meaning of the word pig. (Note
that in defining a word like sow, boar, or piglet, the superordinate
word pig is often used as part of the definition: 'A sow is an adult
female pig.') Thus, it is not surprising that hyponymy is sometimes
referred to as inclusion. The superordinate is the included word and
the hyponym is the including one."
Hierarchical Relationships
"House is a hyponym of the superordinate building, but building is
in turn, a hyponym of the superordinate structure, and, in its turn,

structure is a hyponym of the superordinate thing. A superordinate

at a given level can itself be a hyponym at a higher level."

Pronunciation: HI-po-nim

Also Known As: subtype, subordinate term, inclusioniven level can

itself be a hyponym at a higher level."

In linguistics, a hyponym (from Greek hup, "under" and onomas, "name")

is a word or phrase whose semantic field[1] is included within that of
another word, its hyperonym or hypernym (from Greek hupr, "over" and
onomas, "name") .[2] In simpler terms, a hyponym shares a type-of
relationship with its hypernym. For example, pigeon, crow, eagle and
seagull are all hyponyms of bird (their hypernym); which, in turn, is a
hyponym of animal.[3]

Synonyms are words that are similar or have a related meaning to

another word. They can be lifesavers, especially when you want to
avoid repeating the same words over and over. Also, sometimes the
word you have in mind might not be the most appropriate word,
which is why finding the right synonym can come in handy.
Choosing a Synonym
There is a certain skill involved in choosing the most appropriate
synonym, as not all are created equal. It is important to consider the
connotation of the word because some synonyms can inject a
different meaning than the one intended.

For example, one synonym of sad is "gloomy" however, this word

carries quite a negative connotation. Depending on the
circumstance you can use it, but if you just want to say that
someone is "down," then another synonym such as "blue" or
"unhappy" would be more applicable.
Here is a list of adjectives and their synonyms that are commonly
used to describe people.

Beautiful: Attractive, Pretty, Lovely, Stunning

Fair: Just, Objective, Impartial, Unbiased
Funny: Humorous, Comical, Hilarious, Hysterical
Happy: Content, Joyful, Mirthful, Upbeat
Hardworking: Diligent, Determined, Industrious, Enterprising
Honest: Honorable, Fair, Sincere, Trustworthy
Intelligent: Smart, Bright, Brilliant, Sharp
Introverted: Shy, Bashful, Quiet, Withdrawn
Kind:Thoughtful, Considerate, Amiable, Gracious
Lazy: Idle, Lackadaisical, Lethargic, Indolent
Mean: Unfriendly, Unpleasant, Bad-tempered, Difficult
Outgoing: Friendly, Sociable, Warm, Extroverted
Rich: Affluent, Wealthy, Well-off, Well-to-do
Strong: Stable, Secure, Solid, Tough
Unhappy: Sad, Depressed, Melancholy, Miserable
Lucky: Auspicious, Fortunate
Positive: Optimistic, Cheerful, Starry-eyed, Sanguine
Bossy: Controlling, Tyrannical
Here are some miscellaneous words and their synonyms:
Baffle: confuse, deceive
Hypocrisy: duplicity, falseness
Pacify: appease, placate
Recalcitrant: obstinate, stubborn
Turbulent: disordered, violent

Valid: authorized, legitimate

Old: antiquated, ancient, obsolete, extinct, past, prehistoric,
venerable, aged
True: genuine, reliable, factual, accurate, precise, correct, valid,
real
Important: required, substantial, vital, essential, primary,
significant, requisite, critical
Weak: frail, anemic, feeble, infirm, languid, sluggish, puny, fragile
Synonyms Test
Below are a list of synonyms related to the adjectives above. Match
the right synonym with one of the adjectives above.
Loaded Disconsolate
Beneficent Convivial
Virulent
Blissful

Reserved

Stalwart

Languid

Clever

Jocular

Cute

Truthful

Benevolent

Assiduous

Answer Key: 1. Rich; 2. Sad; 3. Strong; 4. Intelligent; 5. Beautiful; 6.

Honest; 7. Kind; 8. Outgoing; 9. Mean; 10. Introverted; 11. Lazy; 12.
Funny; 13. Fair; 14. Hardworking; 15. Happy
connotation- idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its
literal or primary meaning.