What is genocide?

Genocide is The deliberate killing of a large group of people,

especially those of a particular nation or ethnic group.The reason of genocide is
conflicts that result in acts of genocide often have deep historical roots. Stereotypes
and prejudices can develop over centuries. Ethnic and cultural distinctions often result
in the formation of "in-group" and "out-group" thinking, where members of different
races, religions, or cultures view each other as separate, alien, and "different." Identity
groups are formed from such thinking.
In many regions, members of different identity groups, for mutual advantage,
develop conflict prevention methods. Yet where resources are limited, or where
pressures are placed on societies because of political or economic instability, relations
may degrade. This can lead one group to become convinced that many of its problems
are the fault of another group, and that all of those problems would be resolved if only
the other group no longer existed.Coexistence and power sharing are not considered
to be viable options, and the more powerful group instead desires to exterminate the
other. Often there is a "coherent and vicious elite" led by a majority-supported dictator
who incites genocidal movements. Such movements find expression more readily
when powerful political entities are made up of a common ethnicity and when
minorities are marginalized.
The greatest example of the genocide will be the Genocide in Rwanda.It is well
known by people because it is a the last genocide of 20th Century.Firstly,why does the
hutu ethnic wants to kill the Tutsi ethnic?It is because in Rwanda,about 85% of
Rwandans are Hutus but the Tutsi minority has long dominated the country,then the
Belgian colonial rule, which rewarded Tutsis with a Western education, and denyied
political and economic power to the Hutus.Then,what will be blasting fuse of the
genocide?On the night of 6 April 1994 a plane carrying then President Juvenal
Habyarimana, and his counterpart Cyprien Ntaryamira of Burundi - both Hutus - was
shot down, killing everyone on board.In this case,the hutus extremist blame the
RPF(Rwandan Patriotic Front)which is formed by the tutsi exiles.Within an hour of
the plane crash, the Presidential Guard together with members of the Rwandan armed
forces (FAR) and Hutu militia groups known as the Interahamwe (Those Who Attack
Together) and Impuzamugambi (Those Who Have the Same Goal) set up
roadblocks and barricades and began slaughtering Tutsis and moderate Hutus with
impunity.At the time, ID cards had people's ethnic group on them, so militias set up
roadblocks where Tutsis were slaughtered and thousands of Tutsi women were taken
away and kept as sex slaves.Among the first victims of the genocide were the
moderate Hutu Prime Minister Agathe Uwilingiyimana and her 10 Belgian
bodyguards, killed on April 7.The mass killings in Rwanda quickly spread from
Kigali to the rest of the country, with some 800,000 people slaughtered over the next
three months. During this period, local officials and government-sponsored radio
stations called on ordinary Rwandan civilians to murder their neighbors,some
husbands even killed their Tutsi wives to prevent himself to be killed by hutus
extremist.Meanwhile, the RPF resumed fighting, and civil war raged alongside the

genocide. By early July, RPF forces had gained control over most of country,
including Kigali. In response, more than 2 million people, nearly all Hutus, both
civilians and some of those involved in the genocide,fled Rwanda, crowding into
refugee camps in the Congo (then called Zaire) and other neighboring countries.After
its victory, the RPF established a coalition government similar to that agreed upon at
Arusha, with Pasteur Bizimungu, a Hutu, as president and Paul Kagame, a Tutsi, as
vice president and defense minister.
If the genocide in rwanda is the greatest example in history,what will be the issue
regarding to genocide in nowadays?The genocide is rarely happen in this civilised
society,but there is still a case which regards to the genocide.It will be the issue
Palestinian against the Jews.The root of the conflict is actually when israel occupied
Gaza in the 1967 Middle East war and pulled its troops and settlers out in 2005. Israel
considered this the end of the occupation, but it still exercises control over most of
Gaza's borders, waters and airspace. Egypt controls Gaza's southern border.But,Israel
has imposed tight restrictions on the movement of goods and people in and out of the
Gaza Strip, measures it says are vital for its own security.However, Palestinians in
Gaza feel confined and are suffering socio-economic hardship. The dominant Islamist
Palestinian movement Hamas and other militant groups say the restrictions are
intolerable.So, It cites Israel's continued occupation of the West Bank and East
Jerusalem as reasons for its attacks on the Jewish state.
The country where genocide happened would be facing various challenge.Firstly,The
entire population of the country was traumatized, both the survivors and the
perpetrators.All socio-economic infrastructures were destroyed (banks looted, schools
and hospitals abandoned; etc.).All state institutions collapsed (no central and/or local
administration).most people lost hope in the possibility of recreating the nation.
The effects of genocide are tragic.In the end of the genocide in rwanda,The75% of
tutsi population was slaughtered cruelly.Afterward,Nearly 9% of the adult population
is HIV-positive as they kept the tutsi woman as sex slave.
Why? Why are there still genocides?There are two reasons why genocide is still
committed in the world.Firstly,the world has not developed the international
institutions needed to predict and prevent it.Then,the world's leaders do not have the
political will to stop it.In order to prevent genocide, we must first understand it. We
must study and compare genocides and develop a working theory about the genocidal
processBut studying genocide is not enough. Our next task should be to create the
international institutions and political will to prevent it. Four institutions are needed:
centers for early warning, programs for conflict transformation, standing forces for
rapid intervention, and international courts for effective punishment.The U.N.
Security Council and key governments need to be strong, independent Early Warning
systems to predict where and when ethnic conflict and genocide are going to occur,
and to present policy options on prevention and intervention. We must also build
institutions to intervene non-violently before genocide begins. Every church,

synagogue, mosque, and temple should teach peace-making, and inter-religious

leaders' councils should be formed wherever there is religious division. In ethnically
divided societies, radio and television and educational systems should be used to
advocate tolerance and to humanize the other groups in the society, to show that they
are like "us." Programs like Search for Common Ground and the Southern Poverty
Law Center's Teaching Tolerance program should be taken to every country with the
potential for ethnic conflict or genocide.The United Nations needs a standing,
volunteer, professional rapid response force that does not depend on member
governments' contributions of brigades from their own armies. Articles 43 through 48
of the U.N. Charter already provide for a permanent command structure, which has
never been created, and a liberal interpretation of those articles would also permit
creation of a standing army. The Standing High Readiness Brigade organized by the
Danes, Canadians, Dutch and others is a step in the right direction, though it still
depends on national contingents. A standing U.N. force will have to have the support
of at least some of the major military powers, must be large enough to effectively
intervene in situations like Rwanda, and should be composed of volunteers from
around the world, the best of the best, who train together specifically for U.N. peacekeeping.NEXT,The world needs and finally has an International Criminal Court.
Impunity for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity must end. The ICC
must be backed by the will of nations to arrest those it indicts. The ICC may not deter
every genocidist, but it will put on warning every future tyrant who believes he can
get away with mass murder.
Lesson make by ourown.