DESIGN OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL

Data:Height of Retaining wall =

Height of wall above G.L=
Height of wall below G.L=
Density of back fill soil&material in toe portion =
Grade of concrete =
Grade of steel =
Ground water Table level =
Angle of shearing resistance of back fill material&material at toe portion(Q) =
Angle of face of wall supporting earth with horizontal(a)(In degrees)
(in clock wise direction)
Slope of back fill(b) =
Angle of wall friction (q) =
Surcharge over the back fill in terms of height of back fill =
Undrained Cohesion ( c) =
Permissible compressive stress in bending for M20 Concrete (c)=
Permissible tensile stress in bending for Fe 415 steel (t)=

1.75m
1.45m
0.30m
1800Kg/Cum
M20
Fe415
0.6m below GL
35
85.14
0
17.5
0.60m
2300Kg/sqm
20N/sqmm
415N/sqmm

Dimensions of the Cantilever wall(Assumed for preliminary design):Thickness of stem at bottom =

Thickness of stem at top =

0.30m
0.15m

Coefficient of active earth pressure by Coulomb's theory

Ka =

Sin(a+Q)
sina

sin(a-q)

sin(Q+q)sin(Q-b)
sin(a+b)

From the above expression,

Ka =

0.28

Hence,maximum pressure at the base of the wall

Pa =

The pressure distribution along the height of the wall is as given below:Pressure due to
Surcharge load =

302.4
302.4

1.75m

882.00
Total Active earth pressure force =

1300.95

Height from the bottom of the wall =

0.70m

882.00Kg/sqm

The active earth pressure acts on the wall as shown below:-

0.15

22.36

0.70m
1.75
85.14
0.30

Horizontal component of the earth pressure Ph =

1203.23Kg/m

Vertical component of the earth pressure Pv =

494.68Kg/m

Intial proportioning of the structure:Though the height of the retaining wall is small,either gravity or cantilever retaining walls are not feasible due to
possibility of scouring of earth on canal side,ie,on toe side.It is proposed to support the wall on longitudinal beams,which are
supported on piles.
One row of 300mm dia DUR piles are proposed at spacing of
Breadth of the beam assumed =
Depth of the beam assumed =

2.00m

0.30m
0.30m

Checks for stability of the structural system:Check for lateral stability:As per IS 2911(Part-III)-1973,the lateral load carrying capacity of 300mm dia DUR pile is

2.40t

Apart from the lateral load carrying capacity of piles,the following forces resist the lateral movement of the structur
system:1.Passive earth pressure resistance offered by the soil on longitudinal beams connecting piles
2.Passive earth pressure resistnace offered by the soil in toe portion of the wall.
Assuming that the soil on toe portion is scoured,the passive resistance on longitudinal beam is

(1/2)Kpyh2 =

289.29Kg/m

Considering the length of the wall between piles,the total resisting force on the beam =
Hence,the total lateral load carrying capacity of the structure is

2.98t

The total lateral load due to active earth pressure =

2406.46Kg

0.58t

2.41t

Hence safe.
Check for uplift&bearing resistance of piles:Total vertical load on the pile composes the following components(Per 2m length) :1.Self weight of beam =
2.Self weight of retaining wall =
3.Vertical component of active earth pressure
4.Weight of soil on heel portion =

The bearing resistance of 300mm DUR pile is =

450.00Kg
1968.75Kg
989.35Kg
472.50Kg
3880.60Kg
24.00t

>3.88

Design of wall or stem:Factored bending moment Mu =

Effective depth required d =

1266.96Kgm
Mu/0.138fckb =

Over all depth provided =

300.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d =

Mu/bd2 =

67.75mm

252.00mm

0.2

From table 2 of SP 16,percentage of steel required =

Area of steel required =

0.085
214.20sqmm

Hence provide 12mm dia HYSD bars@ 200mm c/c spacing

Hence Ast provided =

565.20sqmm

Check for shear:Percentage of tension steel =

0.22

Maximum shear force on the member =

Factored Design shear force =

12.03KN

18.05KN

Nominal shear stress tv =Vu/bd =

Hence section is safe from shear strength point of view

0.07 N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm(As per Tabl

20 of 1S 456)

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.34 N/sqmm > 0.07
Hence,no shear reinforcement is required.
Provide temperature re inforcement @ 0.12%
Area required =

270.00sqmm

Provide 1/3rd of above reinforcement on earthen side =

90.00sqmm

Provide 8mm dia @ 300mm c/c on earthen side

Provide 2/3rd of above reinforcement on other side =

180.00sqmm

Provide 8mm dia @ 200mm c/c on other side

Provide 10mm bars at 300mm c/c vertically on the outer face to support horizontal rods
The reinforcement detailing is shown in the drawing

Design of beam:Breadth of the beam assumed =

Depth of the beam assumed =

0.30m
0.30m

UDL on beam :Due to self weight of beam =

Due to self weight of wall =
Due to weight of retained earth =

225.00Kg/m
984.38Kg/m
236.25Kg/m
1446Kg/m

Twisting moment on beam :Due to earth pressure =

1025.13Kgm

2.00

After analysis,the bending moment diagram is

4.82Knm

2.41Knm

Factored bending moment Mu =

7.23Knm

Torsional Moment 'T' in KN-m

15.38Knm

Equivalent bending moment Mt in KN-m

18.09Knm

Design Moment Me1 in KN-m

25.32Knm
Mu/0.138fckb =

Effective depth required d =

Over all depth provided =

300.00mm

Effective depth provided(Assuming 40mm cover) d =

Mu/bd2 =

174.87mm

252.00mm

1.329

From table 3 of SP 16,percentage of steel required =

Area of steel required =

0.417
315.25sqmm

Hence provide 4 Nos of 16mm dia HYSD bars(As torsional moment more than bending for
Me2,excessive steel is provided on compression side also)
Hence Ast provided =
803.84sqmm
Percentage of tension steel =
1.06
To be corrected:Maximum shear force on the member =
Factored shear force =

14.46KN

21.68KN

Design shear force including equivalent shear due to torsion =

Nominal shear stress tv =Vu/bd =

103.69KN

1.37 N/sqmm <2.8 N/sqmm(As per Tabl

20 of 1S 456)

Hence section is safe from shear strength point of view

The design shear strength of concrete for the above steel percentage from
Table 19 of IS 456 is
0.62 N/sqmm Hence Vuc =
Vus = Vu-Vuc =
Vus/d =

46.87KN

56.82KN
2.25 KN/cm

Using 8mm dia two legged vertical stirrups,from table 62 of SP 16,the spacing required is
Hence provide 8mm dia 2 legged stirrups @ 150mm c/c

not feasible due to

al beams,which are

ement of the structural

N/sqmm(As per Table

N/sqmm(As per Table

160mm

Section of beam:-