Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
QUESTIONS
Proprietor, farmer.
Declare somebody to be punished or considered a criminal.
Development.
Exchange tools or services for money or other goods
Strong alcoholic drink.
2. Answer the following questions according to the text.
a. When did the slave trade begin?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
b. When was the slave trade forbidden in the USA?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
c. Why did the pidgins emerge?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
d. What kind of job did the slaves have?
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
3. Put the verbs in brackets into the Simple Past or Past Continuous.
a. Zoë (come) _______________________ round in her car and they (drive)
_______________________ to the tennis courts.
b. Two other people (use) _______________________ their court when they (arrive)
_______________________.
c. They (buy) _______________________ ice-creams while they (wait)
_______________________ to play.
4. Complete the text using the Present Continuous or the Present Simple.
5. Composition: What kind of job would you like to have in the future?
Canada
Canada is a bilingual country with two official languages, English and French. The vast
majority (75 per cent) of Canada's French-speaking inhabitants live in the province of
Québec, which is located in the eastern part of the country but there are French-
speaking communities throughout the country.
According to a 1991 census, French is the mother tongue of 82 per cent of Québec's
population and is spoken at home by 83 per cent of Québecers.
Internationally, it is estimated that some 800 million people speak English and 250
million speak French. As a bilingual nation, Canada offers superior English as a Second
Language (ESL) and French as Second Language (FSL) training for students wishing to
learn either or both languages.
1. What were the original names given to the kite in Northern and Southern China?
Northern:______________________
Southern:______________________
2. How old is the invention of a kite and how is credited for inventing it?
Year: _________________
Inventor: ______________________
3. After what invention did kites become affordable and very popular among all people?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Christmas
It was December. Carol had seen nine Christmas trees lighted on her birthdays, one
after another; nine times she had assisted in the holiday festivities of the household,
though in her babyhood her share of the gayeties was somewhat limited.
For five years, certainly, she had hidden presents for Mama and Papa in their own
bureau drawers, and harbored a number of secrets sufficiently large to burst a baby's
brain, had it not been for the relief gained by whispering them all to Mama, at night,
when she was in her crib, a proceeding which did not in the least lessen the value of a
secret in her innocent mind.
For five years she had heard "'Twas the night before Christmas," and hung up a scarlet
stocking many sizes too large for her, and pinned a sprig of holly on her little white
night gown, to show Santa Claus that she was a "truly" Christmas child, and dreamed of
fur-coated saints and toy-packs and reindeer, and wished everybody a "Merry
Christmas" before it was light in the morning, and lent every one of her new toys to the
neighbors' children before noon, and eaten turkey and plum pudding, and gone to bed at
night in a trance of happiness at the day's pleasures
2. Where has she hidden gifts from her mother and father in the past?
_________________________________
_________________________________
In the Southern Colonies, there were many large farms called plantations. Farmers who
owned plantations were called planters. Crops grown on plantations included rice and
tobacco.
As planters became wealthy, they became dissatisfied with their old houses. They
started building two-story houses. Some of them were even made of brick. Rough,
hand-made furniture was replaced with nicely made tables and chairs, some of them
ordered from England. Wooden plates, bowls, and spoons were replaced by ones made
of pewter, a silvery metal made from tin and lead. Silver was expensive in those days,
and a family might have bought silverware piece by piece.
After a new house was built, the old house might be used as a kitchen. Servants carried
food in covered dishes to the dining room in the new house.
Southern colonists could not expect help from their neighbors, because they were spread
far apart. They had to be able to produce almost everything they needed on their
plantations. Of the few things they could not produce themselves, most came directly
from England to their plantations. Plantations often had their own ships and piers on the
river.
Rich planters might have owned hundreds of slaves. All these slaves had to work hard
from early morning to evening and slept in crowded slave quarters. Unskilled slaves
worked in the fields. Trusted slaves worked in the house. Trained slaves worked as
carpenters, weavers, blacksmiths, shoemakers, furniture makers, and cooks. In those
days, plantations were like small towns.
2. What particular building material was very expensive during this time period?
_____________________________
4. Which particular type of slave (unskilled, trusted, or trained slave) you feel had most
difficult job? Explain your answer.
Compound & Elements
The 100 plus elements are the "alphabet" of matter because every tangible
material is a combination of these elements.
The elements are categorized as: Metals, Non-Metals, Metalloids, Noble Gases
This main categorization is based on the electrical attributes of the elements. Some
elements tend to "lose" an electron, and become positively charged. (These are the
metals), Other elements tend to "acquire" an electron, and become negatively charged,
(the non metals). The third group, (metalloids), falls in between these two extremes.
And the Noble Gas category is "unelectrical" -- displays no interest in either acquiring
and losing an electron, but unlike the metalloids who can be "persuaded" one way or the
other -- the noble ones simply don't engage.
Since chemical reaction and chemical bonding are electrical in nature, it so happens that
members of a certain category can substitute for another member and thereby create a
combination which is slightly different, but generally similar. Say then that by carefully
choosing a replacement element in a chemical compound, it is possible to "engineer" a
desired slight change in the nature of the compound. This used to be the art, and now is
the science of chemistry.
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
4. How does knowing a great deal about the property of certain elements help us as
humans?
Constitution
4. Why should anyone have the right to search your home? Explain your answer.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Dinosaurs
Dinosaurs are animals that evolved into many sizes and shapes. Dinosaurs were and are
quite diverse, and often one person will think of an animal like a long-necked sauropod,
while another person will think of a large, fierce meat-eater like Tyrannosaurus rex. It
should be clear then that the term "dinosaurs", or the scientific version "Dinosauria", is
describing a diverse group of animals with widely different modes of living. The term
was invented by Sir Richard Owen in 1842 to describe these "fearfully great reptiles",
specifically Megalosaurus, Iguanodon, and Hylaeosaurus, the only three dinosaurs
known at the time. The creatures that we normally think of as dinosaurs lived from late
in the Triassic period (about 225 million years ago) until the end of the Mesozoic era
(about 65 million years ago); but actually they live on today as the birds.
Different dinosaurs lived at different times. Despite the portrayals in movies like
Fantasia and Jurassic Park, no Stegosaurus ever saw a Tyrannosaurus, because
Tyrannosaurus wasn't alive for another 80 or so million years. Ditto for Apatosaurus
(a.k.a. "Brontosaurus").
An American warship once paid a visit to a port in a hot country where the British navy
had a base, and the captain of the British base invited the officers of the American
warship to a party ashore.
Now, Americans like their drinks to have plenty of ice in them, even in a cold climate,
but at the time of the warship’s visit to the British base, it was generally known that the
British hardly ever had ice, even in the hottest countries. The captain of the American
ship did not want to have to drink warm drinks at the British party, but it would have
been very impolite to refuse the British captain’s invitation, so the American captain
accepted, but, an hour before the pasty was due to begin, sent a small boat ashore to his
host with several large tins of ice from the warship’s refrigerators.
When the American officers went ashore for the party, they were looking forward to
having plenty of ice in their drinks. They were therefore very surprised when on their
arrival, they were served drinks with no ice in them at all. They thought that the
servants might perhaps not yet have had time to unpack the ice that had been sent from
the ship, but the party continued, and still there was no ice. Of course, the American
officers were too polite to ask what had happened to the ice that they had sent.
When the party at last came to an end, the American captain thanked his British host for
the pleasant party. Then the secret of the ice came out. The British captain thanked the
American captain for it and said, “It allowed me to have the first really cold bath I have
had in this place.”
QUESTIONS
1. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account
the information in the text.
2. Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Identify the part of the text that
supports your answer by copying the exact words.
3. Find a synonym for each of the words below from these six options.
3. The ice
a. arrived at the beginning of the party.
b. at the end of the party.
c. never arrived.
4. On which month of the year do you think this letter was writing? Why?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
~
Hanukkah
"Hanukkah" comes from the Hebrew root "Hanokh," inaugurate. A menorah is lit on all
eight nights of Hanukkah to commemorate the rededication of the ancient temple in
Jerusalem, when the last remaining container of undefiled oil miraculously lasted for
eight nights. The menorah also celebrates the triumph of freedom over persecution, the
events which took place over 2,300 years ago in the land of Judea, which is now Israel.
Hanukkah begins on the 25th day of the Hebrew month of Kislev, but the starting date
on the western calendar varies from year to year.
In America, families celebrate Chanukah at home. They give and receive gifts, decorate
the house, entertain friends and family, eat special foods, and light the holiday menorah.
2. The Nuremberg law stated that someone of Jewish could not do what?
_______________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
3. Oddly, the Nuremberg law stated that someone of Jewish could do what?
_____________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
Human Body
Your heart is really a muscle. It's located a little to the left of the middle of your chest,
and it's about the size of your fist. There are lots of muscles all over your body - in your
arms, in your legs, in your back, even in your behind. But this muscle is special because
of what it does - the heart sends blood around your body. The blood provides your body
with the oxygen and nutrients it needs. It also carries away the waste that your body has
to get rid of.
Your heart is sort of like a pump, or two pumps in one. The right side of your heart
receives blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs. The left side of the heart does
the exact opposite: it receives blood from the lungs and pumps it out to the body. By the
time you're grown up, your heart will be beating (pumping) about 70 times a minute.
How does the heart beat? Before each beat, your heart fills with blood. Then it contracts
to squirt the blood along. When something contracts, it squeezes tighter - try squeezing
your hand into a fist. That's sort of like what your heart does so it can squirt out the
blood. Your heart does this all day and all night, all the time. Every day, an adult heart
pumps 2,000 gallons (7,500 liters) of recycled blood by filling and contracting. The
heart is one tough worker!
3. To this is day, what was the most popular use of nylon fibers?
_____________________________
1. In addition to the telegraph what famous form of communication did this inventor
create?
_________________________________
_________________________________
3. How would an invention as simple as this have such a profound affect on human life?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
4. It has been said that all of today's inventions are just upgrades to past inventions.
Assuming this is true, what recent invention is an upgrade of the telegraph?
Jobs for the boys!
a) According to the text, what is the most important quality you need to be a capable
nanny?
b) How have people reacted to Martin's choice of job?
3. Find a word or phrase in the text which, in context, is similar in meaning to:
Perhaps the most significant relationship between electricity and magnetism is light,
which is known to physicists as an electromagnetic wave. Light waves are oscillating
patterns of electric and magnetic fields, propagating through space at the speed of light
(3x108 meters/second).
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
3. When some on say "The Speed of Light", what are they referring to?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Martin Luther King, Jr.
"A true revolution of values will lay hands on the world order and say of war: 'This way
of settling differences is not just.' This business of burning human beings with napalm,
of filling our nation’s homes with orphans and widows, of injecting poisonous drugs of
hate into the veins of peoples normally humane, of sending men home from dark and
bloody battlefields physically handicapped and psychologically deranged, cannot be
reconciled with wisdom, justice, and love. A nation that continues year after year to
spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching
spiritual death.
"America, the richest and most powerful nation in the world, can well lead the way in
this revolution of values. There is nothing except a tragic death wish to prevent us from
reordering our priorities so that the pursuit of peace will take precedence over the
pursuit of war. There is nothing to keep us from molding a recalcitrant status quo with
bruised hands until we have fashioned it into a brotherhood."
Dr. King, April 4, 1967
2. Why did Dr. King believe America was the country that needs to takes the first steps
toward stopping war?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
3. Are Dr. King's thoughts still true today? Has any change taken place in the world
forty years after the words have been spoken?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
McDonald’s boss dies suddenly
The Chief executive of McDonald’s, the world’s largest fast-food chain, has died
from a
suspected heart attack. Jim Cantalupo, 60, was taken ill during a meeting of franchise
owners in Orlando, Florida, the company said. His death is a severe blow to McDonald’s at
a time when the chain is trying to shed its image as a supplier of high-fat, high-salt and
high-sugar food.
In his 16 months at the helm, Mr. Cantalupo turned the company’s fortunes round.
As well
as slowing its breakneck expansion programme and closing hundreds of under-
performing outlets, he tried to address criticisms that McDonald’s was contributing to
the obesity epidemic in the US and Europe.
When Mr. Cantalupo became chairman and chief executive in January last year
after a management shake-up, Mc Donald’s was in the doldrums.
Changing tastes, the mad cow disease scare and the perception that its menu was tired
had
hit sales, particularly in Europe and Asia. In December 2002, McDonald’s went into the
red for the first time in its 48-year history. Mr. Cantalupo, a former vice-chairman and
president, who had retired a year earlier, was brought back as the new boss.
QUESTIONS
3. Find a word or expression in the text which, in context, is similar in meaning to:
a. A group of shops or restaurants owned by the same company:
b. Provider:
2. Mr. Cantalupo
a. broke his neck in Orlando.
b. worked for the company for 48 years.
c. had been McDonald’s president before.
3. McDonald’s sales had declined specially in Europe and Asia due to
a. scare mad cows.
b. a change in people’s food preferences.
c. a change in McDonald’s menu.
4. Why do you feel it was important for the author to studied the habitat of animals?
Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
North America
Over 100,000 Germans migrated to the English colonies in North America. Most of
them settled in Pennsylvania. Others settled in New York, Maryland, Virginia, the
Carolinas, and Georgia. They formed the largest non-English-speaking community in
colonial North America.
During the 1600s and 1700s, wars ravaged Germany. Marching armies trampled down
fields of grain, stole cattle, and burned down farmsteads. In their wake, famines spread
over the land. Taxes, levied to pay for the war, added to the people's plight.
Religious disputes also drove people to leave their homes. In Europe the rulers chose
what church they wanted in their lands. Many pious Germans of strong convictions
found this hard to bear. North America, especially Pennsylvania, offered them religious
freedom.
1. During the Colonial Period, which language was the second most used language by
Colonists?
_____________________________
2. During this time period, what was the most popular crop in Germany?
_____________________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
4. Why do you feel Pennsylvania was an extremely popular colony for Germans?
____________________________
____________________________
Oceans
The Earth is surrounded by two great oceans: an ocean of air and an ocean of water.
Both are in constant motion, driven by the energy of the sun and the gravity of the
Earth. Their motions are linked; the winds give energy to the sea surface and ocean
currents are the result. The currents carry heat from one location to another, altering the
Earth's surface temperature patterns and modifying the air above.
Out in the open sea, ocean waters are driven by two great wind systems. Close to the
equator the Trade Winds blow the surface waters westward. In the temperate zone, the
Westerlies blow the surface waters back toward the east. The result is that in each great
ocean basin there is roughly circular movement of the surface waters. In the northern
hemisphere these wind driven currents move clockwise and in the southern hemisphere
they move counter clockwise. Both surface and deep-water currents affect the world's
climate by moving cold water from the poles toward the tropics and vice versa.
Ocean waters are always in motion. Currents flow like rivers, waves crash against
seashores and tides rise and fall.
1. How does the Earth's ocean of air and ocean of water interact?
_________________________________
_________________________________
3. When you flush a toliet in the North Hemisphere in which direction does it move?
Why?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________