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INTRODUCTION
Plastic money or polymer money, made out of plastic, is a new and easier way of paying for
goods and services. Plastic money was introduced in the 1950s and is now an essential form of
ready money which reduces the risk of handling a huge amount of cash. It includes debit cards,
ATMs, smart cards, etc. Credit cards, variants of plastic money, are used as substitutes for
currency. This book on plastic money is divided into two sections titled Concepts and
Experiences. The former covers articles on the emergence of plastic money, different types of
plastic cards and their growth in India and other related issues. An experience discusses the
experiences of banks like Standard Chartered, Citibank, which deal with plastic money and their
growth in the market.
Plastic money are one of those types of innovation through which the customers can
make use of banking services just by awning the card issued by bank and too without restricting
himself in the official banking hours. Plastic money as the component of e banking has been use
in the country for many years now. Payment by card is now becoming a much preferred mode for
making retail payment nowhere days. Thus, plastic money are such payment tool which gives a
customer an opportunity do non cash payment of good and services.
MEANING
Plastic money refers to credit cards, you use them whenever you want and pay later (with
interest, of course). It makes it too easy for people to buy things they normally could not afford,
which makes it easier to get into debt.
1. Plastic money, unlike paper money, will not burn easily and can resist higher
temperatures than paper money.
2. You have no fear to be theft. And its easy to use.
3. Plastic money, unlike paper money, will not burn easily and can resist higher
temperatures than paper money.
4. Paper money also picks up dirt and stains more easily than plastic money.
5. Plastic money is the debit and credit cards. Plus point of plastic money is
6. That you won't have to carry your cash around all the time.
7. It also doesn't wear after time as paper does nor does it rip and tear.
8. Give you incentives, such as reward points, that you can redeem.
9. Be more convenient to carry than cash.
10. Provide a convenient payment method for purchases made on the Internet
11. Help you establish a good credit history.
1. Cost much more than other forms of credit, such as a line of credit or a
2. Personal loan, if you don't pay on time.
3. Damage your credit rating if your payments are late.
4. Allow you to build up more debt than you can handle.
5. Have complicated terms and conditions.
6. It also doesn't wear after time as paper does nor does it rip and tear.
7. Paper money also picks up dirt and stains more easily than plastic money.
8. I can't really see any advantages to have paper money, unless it is cheaper to make.
9. Its disadvantage is that, some extra money will be deducted for the bank services.
1. Credit card: - A credit card is plastic money that is used to pay for products and services
at over 20 Million locations around the world. All you need to do is produce the card and sign a
charge slip to pay for your purchases. The institution which issues the card makes the payment to
the outlet on your behalf; you will pay this 'loan' back to the institution at a later date.
2. Debit card: - Debit cards are substitutes for cash or check payments, much the same way
that credit cards are. However, banks only issue them to you if you hold an account with them.
When a debit card is used to make a payment, the total amount charged is instantly reduced from
your bank balance. Don't borrow on your credit card! Here's why a debit card is only accepted at
outlets with electronic swipe-machines that can check and deduct amounts from your bank
balance online.
3. Charge card: A charge card carries all the features of credit cards. However, after using a charge card you will
have to pay off the entire amount billed, by the due date. If you fail to do so, you are likely to be
considered a defaulter and will usually have to pay up a steep late payment charge. When you
use a credit card you are not declared a defaulter even if you miss your due date. A 2.95 per cent
late payment fees
4. Amex card: -
Amex stands for American Express and is one of the well-known charge
cards. This card has its own merchant establishment tie-ups and does not depend on the network
of MasterCard or Visa. Credit cards: Remember these dos and don'ts. This card is typically meant
for high-income group categories and companies and may not be acceptable at many outlets.
6. Master & visa card: Master and Visa card are global non-profit organizations dedicated to promote the growth of the
card business across the world. They have built a vast network of merchant establishments so
that customers worldwide may use their respective credit cards to make various purchases
7. Smart card: - A smart card contains an electronic chip which is used to store cash. This
is most useful when you have to pay for small purchases, for example bus fares and coffee. No
identification, signature or payment authorization is required for using this card.
The exact amount of purchase is deducted from the smart card during payment
and is collected by smart card reading machines. No change is given. Currently this product is
available only in very developed countries like the United States and is being used only
sporadically in India
CREDIT CARD
INTRODUCTION
A credit card is a small plastic card issued to users as a system of payment. It allows its
holder to buy goods and services based on the holder's promise to pay for these goods and
services. The issuer of the card grants a line of credit to the consumer or the user) from which the
user can borrow money for payment to a merchant or as a cash advance to the user. Usage of the
term "credit card" to imply a credit card account is a metonym.
When a purchase is made the user would indicate consent to pay by signing a receipt with a
record of the card details and indicating the amount to be paid. Issuer agrees to pay the merchant
and the credit card user agrees to pay the card issuer.
DEFINATION
The credit card can be defined as A small plastic card that allows its holder to buy goods
and services on credit and to pay at fixed intervals through the card issuing agency
MEANING
A credit card is a card or mechanism which enables card holder to purchase goods,
travels and dine in a hotel without making immediate payments. The holders can use the cards to
get credit from banks up to 45 days.
This requires the card holder to make full payment of the balance every month and therefore
there is no limit to credit. Because of the spending flexibility, the card holder is expected to have
a higher income level and high credit score. Penalty is incurred if full payment of the balance is
not done in time.
Alternative to cash: -
Credit limit: - The credit cardholder enjoys the facilities of a credit limit set on his
card. This limit of card is determined by the credit card issuing entity only after analyzing
the credit worthiness of the cardholder
Regular charges: - Regular charges are basic routine charges charged by the credit
card issuing entity in the usage of credit card by its cardholder. These charges are
nominal in nature
Goods and services can purchase in large number of outlets without cash or cheque. The card
is useful in emergency, and can save embarrassment.
The risk factor of carrying and storing cash is avoided. It is convenient for him to carry credit
card and he has trouble free travel and may purchase his without carrying cash or cheque.
Months purchases can be settled with a single remittance, thus, tending to reduce bank and
handling charges.
The card holder has the period of free credit usually between 30-50 days of purchase.
The credit card saves trouble and paper work to traveling business man.
Some credit card transactions take longer time than cash transactions because of various
formalities.
The cardholder is responsible for charges due to loss or theft of the card and the bank may
not be party for loss due to fraud or collusion of staff, etc
Avoid the entire cost and security problem involved in handling cash.
Maintain great precautions with your credit card. Ensure to keep it on you all the time. Do not
ever give away any of its information to strangers or even friends. Keep one copy of the card
details like its number, expiry date and the security number safely somewhere e.g. in the house,
and another on your person but never keep with the credit card or in the wallet.
Online use of the credit card is just as important as its use offline since either way, it is the details
of the card the thieves are after.
When making online purchases, ensure to send your credit card details on an encrypted
connection. This can be checked on the address bar of the web browser. A website with the link
'https' is secure, as the link is using Secure Sockets Layer protocol, a powerful encryption
system. If it is without hes i.e. just 'http' it is not an encrypted connection and therefore unsafe
for credit card transactions.
At the same time make sure that the person on the other side of the 'https' is not a thief himself!
You will be confidently sending all your credit card details right into his lap! Actually, such
vendors give themselves away because they themselves are selling illegal things like drugs
without prescriptions, pornography etc... So beware.
Ensure that the website domain is proper and not an imitation e.g. 'paypal.com' and not
'paypals.com'. Another worthwhile precaution is never to click on any link sent by an unknown
person through email.
Because of the fragility in use of permanent credit cards, nowadays, disposable, single use credit
cards are increasingly being used ensuring enhanced safety and peace of mind while making
online money transactions.
1. AUTHORIZATION
For Internet Merchants, the shopping card is connected to or integrated with a Payment Gateway.
For Retail Merchants, the card is swiped through a magnetic reader on the point of sale terminal
the authorization is transmitted to the appropriate card issuer for approval. The issuing bank of
card issuer authenticates the card holder and approves or declines the transaction amount.
2. Merchant balancing
This is also known as batching out. Most pos terminals and all payment gateway per firm an auto
close functions at the end of the day and batch out automatically.
3. Capture
The front end processor matches the authorization data to the settlement data and transmits the
card capture file to a back end processor for V/MC transactions or to the appropriate card issuer
for other card types.
4. Clearing
During this stage the back end processor performs compliance checks and risk management
procedures and transmits the transaction to V/MC or to the appropriate card issuer for other card
types.
6. Settlement
During this stage the Issuing Bank calculates fees and deductions and routs the net funds to the
appropriate Card Issuer which determines the daily deposits for the merchants.
7. Merchant ACH
During this stage the acquiring bank or card issuer transmits the merchant deposit to the
merchants checking account.
Axis Bank
Bank of Baroda
Canara Bank
Corporation Bank
HDFC
ICICI Bank
Kotak Mahindra.
Major Foreign Banks which offer Credit Card service in India are:
ABN Amro
American Express
Barclays Bank
Citibank
HSBC
Standard Chartered
SILVER CARD
Silver credit cards rank lowest among the metal named cards, and, because of lower
prestige when compared to gold and platinum cards, are commonly known as basic and standard
credit cards. Silver credit cards come with advantages such as lower annual membership fees if
there is any, and a lower threshold salary which banks use to evaluate your application in case
you should apply.
Silver credit cards will provide you with almost the same credit limit as other cards
provided you have a good credit history. You can also avail of 0% interest balance transfer
schemes which are made available for a period of 6-9 months for silver card holders.
There are also some disadvantages to using silver credit cards. One would be the lower
cash advance limits, less rewards and promotional packages, and less travel perks compared to
gold and platinum cards.
GOLD CARD
Individuals with higher income can avail a gold credit card from any bank in India. Applicants
for any type of gold credit card should have a good credit score. The common features available
with a gold credit cards are - higher cash withdrawal limits, higher credit limits, add-on card
facility for family members like spouse, parents or children, travel insurance, cash back offers,
rewards program and much more.
PLATINUM CARD
As one of the most popularly availed credit card category, Platinum credit cards come loaded
with exciting benefits ranging from lifestyle to dining to entertainments to shopping. Platinum
credit cards come with slightly higher annual, joining and renewal fees when compared to other
category of cards. As a superior card, Platinum credit card offers some of the best benefits on the
planet. Every Platinum credit card come with an exceptional welcome package with gift
vouchers from retail brands, annual spend rewards, accelerated rewards points, cash back offers,
Priority Pass membership with access to premium airport lounges, renewal gift vouchers, global
lifestyle and golfing privileges, easy cash withdrawals, fuel surcharge waiver, add-on cards for
family, emergency card replacement services, etc. Platinum card members generally also get
other exclusive privileges, deals and offers with every card availed, depending on the financial
institution they are banking with.
RBI guidelines
Pursuant to the announcement made in the Annual Policy Statement 2004-05, the Reserve
Bank of India had constituted a Working Group on Regulatory Mechanism for Cards. The Group
has suggested various regulatory measures aimed at encouraging growth of credit cards in a safe,
secure and efficient manner as well as to ensure that the rules, regulations, standards and
practices of the card issuing banks are in alignment with the best customer practices. The
following guidelines on credit card operations of banks have been framed based on the
recommendations of the Group was also the feedback received from the members of the public,
card issuing banks and others. All the credit card issuing banks / NBFCs should implement these
guidelines immediately.
Each bank / NBFC must have a well documented policy and a Fair Practices Code for
credit card operations. In March 2005, the IBA released a Fair Practices Code for credit card
operations which could be adopted by banks / NBFCs. The bank / NBFC's Fair Practice Code
should, at a minimum, incorporate the relevant guidelines contained in this circular.
Although incidence of credit card fraud is limited to about 0.1% of all card transactions, this has
resulted in huge financial losses as the fraudulent transactions have been large value transactions.
In 1999, out of 12 billion transactions made annually, approximately 10 millionor one out of
every 1200 transactionsturned out to be fraudulent.[3] Also, 0.04% (4 out of every 10,000) of
all monthly active accounts was fraudulent. Even with tremendous volume and value increase in
credit card transactions since then, these proportions have stayed the same or have decreased due
to sophisticated fraud detection and prevention systems. Today's fraud detection systems are
designed to prevent one twelfth of one percent of all transactions processed which still translates
into billions of dollars in losses.
DEBIT CARD
INTRODUCTION
A debit card (also known as a bank card or check card) is a plastic card that provides an
alternative payment method to cash when making purchases. Functionally, it can be called an
electronic cheque, as the funds are withdrawn directly from either the bank account or from the
remaining balance on the card. In some cases, the cards are designed exclusively for use on the
Internet, and so there is no physical card.
In many countries the use of debit cards has become so widespread that their volume of
use has overtaken the cheque and, in some instances, cash transactions.
Like credit cards, debit cards are used widely for telephone and Internet purchases and, unlike
credit cards, the funds are transferred immediately from the bearer's bank account instead of
having the bearer pay back the money at a later date.
Debit cards may also allow for instant withdrawal of cash, acting as the ATM card for
withdrawing cash and as a cheque guarantee card. Merchants may also offer cash back facilities
to customers, where a customer can withdraw cash along with their purchase.
It is a combination of a Cheque and ATM card. Therefore, there are no fees for using the
ATM for cash withdrawal, or as a debit card for purchase.
The Debit Card services in meant for withdrawals against the balance already available in
the designated account.
It is the card holders obligation to maintain sufficient balance in the designated account
to meet withdrawals and service charges.
A Debit card is more affordable than credit card. We just own bank account for all our
transactions. No credit period. Our bank account is debited immediately.
Use of card is terminated without notice, upon the death, bankruptcy or insolvency of the
cardholder or for other valid reasons.
One of the biggest advantages of having a debit card is you dont need to push yourself under
pressure since the money is yours. Credit cards encourage you to spend money, but debit
cards encourage you to earn money.
Always cards are much more comfortable than cash. Literally a thin card is better than 20 or
30 notes in your wallet. It makes very fewer chances of loose your money to thieves.
Unlike credit cards, debit cards are easy to get from the bank. Just do some paper works and
you will get your debit card in 1 or 2 weeks once you are eligible to use.
After all, we all are human beings. If we have more money, we spent more. This is the
chance for credit card suppliers; they provide more money and encourage us to spend more.
But as long as you only have debit cards, you never exceed the budget limits.
Having a debit card is protecting you in some way. There is some everyday ATM withdrawn
limit which is good for you. if someone steal your card, they wont withdraw all amount from
you card in a day. Next day bank will deactivate your card as soon as you inform them.
In emergency situations credit card give you a hand while debit card does not do so unless
you maintain a good balance on your debit card. If you dont have money in emergency
situations it will push you to distress.
Debit card means whatever you earn can spendable and no more. You wont get any benefits
from your debit cards. But some banks like NatWest bank in the UK provides debit cards,
named Platinum or Silver or Gold. If you get one of these cards, you will get some benefits
but you need to pay some extra money monthly to the bank.
Fees applied in different ATMs There are some charges applied when you withdraw money
from different bank ATMs.
When you have a debit card, fees are likely a part of your life as well. Banks inflict a wide
variety of different fees to debit card holders, which can add up very fast. Some of these
include monthly use charges, major overage fees, and transaction fees or limits.
If the card holder forgot the password of the debit card then the card holder cannot withdraw
the money.
In case of theft if thief got the card password he can withdraw money and this money is
deducted from your savings, this does not happen in case of credit card money is not
deducted for your savings.
Internet scams are commonplace. If you use your debit card to purchase goods online then
you have to be careful. Your information can get lost in cyberspace and fall into the wrong
hands.
A successful business will usually accept debit cards as a part of their overall profile of payment
solutions. If you dont process debit cards, you may not be taking full advantage of all the
potential that your merchant account can deliver. There are essentially two ways you can accept
debit cards, online and offline.
Another advantage when you process debit cards is that you cant be charged higher
downgrade fees.
In a credit card transaction, you are usually charged the discount rate. However, some
transactions are considered to be a higher risk or expense to the bank, and you are charged a
higher rate as a result. But when you accept debit cards, you always pay the same flat rate, with
no danger of the rate increasing.
DEBIT CARD
MEANING
CREDIT CARD
Credit cards are lines of credit. When Any time you use a debit
you use a credit card, the issuer puts card
to
buy
something,
CONNECTED
TO
APPLICATION
PROCESS
SPENDING
LIMIT
available to you.
Not required to be connected to a It is connected to customers
checking account.
account
Somewhat difficult, depending on one's Easy, with
credit score and other details.
basically
no
card.
The credit limit set by the credit issuer. However much is in the
Limits increase or stay the same over bank account connected to
time as a borrower's creditworthiness the card.
INTEREST
CHARGED
changes.
If a credit card bill is not paid in full, No
interest
is
charged
on
interest
outstanding because
is
no
charged
money
is
SECURITY
high.
Credit cards in the U.S. are not very A PIN makes them secure so
secure in and of themselves because long as no one steals the card
many still use dated card security number and PIN, and as long
technology. However, consumers are not as you don't lose the card
held liable for this poor security.
FRAUD
LIABILITY
insecure.
Low. Rarely held liable for fraudulent High. If someone steals your
activity.
bank
account.
CREDIT
Responsible
credit
card
usage
takes time.
and Does not
affect
credit
HISTORY
OVERDRAW
FEES
"overdraft"
fees.
Credit cards have evolved into a safe and secure manner to purchase goods and services.
The Internet has given credit card users additional purchasing power. Banks have options like
cash-back rewards, savings plans and other incentives to entice people to use their cards. Debit
cards allow people the convenience of cards without the worry of racking up debt. The
convenience, security and rewards offered by credit and debit cards keep shoppers using their
cards as opposed to checks or cash.
checking account at the point of sale with these new cards and replaced check writing. This
helped the merchants check that money was available and made it easier to track the customer if
the funds could not be obtained. Consumers liked the convenience of not having to write checks
at the point of sale, which made debit cards a safe alternative to cash and checks.
THE FUTURE
There were almost 29 million debit card users as of 2006, with a projected 34.4 million users by
2016. However, online services like PayPal are emerging as a way for people to pay their debts
in new, secure and convenient ways. Technology also exists to have devices implanted into
phones, keys and other everyday devices so that the ability to pay at the point of sale is even
more convenient.
2. Card issuing bank: The bank or institution which issues the card to its eligible customers.
3. Merchants: Entities which sell the goods and services to the cardholder and duly agree to
accept the card for payment.
4. Bank Card Association: The associations (VISA, Master Card, American Express)
MASTER CARD
History
The original banks behind MasterCard were United California Bank (later First Interstate
Bank and subsequently merged into Wells Fargo Bank), Wells Fargo, Crocker National
Bank (also subsequently merged into Wells Fargo), and the Bank of California (subsequently
merged into the Union Bank of California). Robert Leavelle, Senior Vice President of Farmer's &
Merchants Bank of Long Beach, California, along with his son Martin Leavelle, created the
graphic image based on the two overlapping circles with the Master Charge title overlaid in the
center of the logo. This was part of an effort by The Independent Bankers Association.
In 1966, the aforementioned group of California banks formed the Interbank Card Association
(ICA). With the help of New York's Marine Midland Bank, now HSBC Bank USA, these banks
joined with the ICA to create "Master Charge: The Interbank Card". The card was given a
significant boost in 1969, when First National City Bank joined, merging its
proprietary Everything Card with Master Charge.
In 1968, MasterCard International and Euro card started a strategic alliance, which effectively
allowed MasterCard access to the European market, and for Euro card to be accepted on the
MasterCard network. The Access card system from the United Kingdom joined the
MasterCard/Euro card alliance in 1972.
In 1979, "Master Charge: The Interbank Card" was renamed simply "MasterCard". In the early
1990s MasterCard then bought the British Access card and the Access name was dropped.
In 2002, MasterCard International merged with Euro pay International SA, another large creditcard issuer association, which for many years issued cards under the name Euro card (payment
card).
In 2006, MasterCard International underwent another name change to MasterCard Worldwide.
This was done in order to suggest a more global scale of operations. In addition, the company
introduced a new corporate logo adding a third circle to the two that had been used in the past
(the familiar card logo, resembling a Venn diagram, remains unchanged). A new corporate
tagline was introduced at the same time: "The Heart of Commerce".
In 2010, MasterCard expanded its e-commerce offering with the acquisition of Data Cash, a UKbased payment processing and fraud/risk management provider.
In 2012, MasterCard announced the expansion of its mobile contactless payments program,
including markets across the Middle East.
In 2014, MasterCard acquired Australian leading rewards program manager company Pinpoint
for an undisclosed amount.
MasterCard teamed with Apple in September 2014, to incorporate a new mobile wallet feature
into Apple's new iPhone models, enabling users to more readily use their MasterCard, and other
credit cards.
NOTE:
other than master card there are more financial services association who provide
process payments between the banks of merchants and the card issuing banks or credit unions of
the purchasers
Credit card fraud takes place every day in a variety of ways. You cant always prevent it
from happening, but you can create some obstacles and make it tougher for someone to get hold
of your cards and card numbers. Treating your credit cards and account numbers like cash that is,
very carefully is one way to head off potential misuse.
Dont give your account number to anyone on the phone unless youve made the call to a
company you know to be reputable. If youve never done business with them before, do an
online search first for reviews or complaints.
Carry your cards separately from your wallet. It can minimize your losses if someone
steals your wallet or purse. And carry only the card you need for that outing.
During a transaction, keep your eye on your card. Make sure you get it back before you
walk away.
Never sign a blank receipt. Draw a line through any blank spaces above the total.
Open your bills promptly or check them online often and reconcile them with the
purchases youve made.
Report any questionable charges to the card issuer.
Notify your card issuer if your address changes or if you will be traveling.
The keys to credit card safety and help protect against fraud.
Peoples use credit cards more than ever these days which makes credit card protection more
important than ever. There's a lot you can do to help protect your credit cards, and most of it
comes down to common sense. Read these credit card safety tips and learn simple ways to
safeguard your card.
Sign the signature panel on the back of your card as soon as you get it
Never keep your PIN code in the same place as your card
2.
Thieves dont need the card to get into your account, just the number. So for the sake of
credit card safety:
Keep your card privatedon't let anyone see it when you're out in public
Don't give the number out over the phone unless you initiated the call and you're talking to
your bank or a merchant you trust
Never answer an email that asks for your account number or personal informationeven if it
looks like it's from your bank or a reputable company or organization
Consider paperless statements to remove your sensitive information from the postal system
Store paper statements and other documents with sensitive information securelyand shred
prior to disposal
Tell your credit card issuer if youre changing addresses so statements and other notifications
about your credit card follow you to your new home
Periodically check to ensure your bank or credit card issuer has your current phone number
and email address on file so you can be contacted quickly if necessary
Use online payments where possible to avoid the risk of a lost or stolen check or account
number in the mail
Extra spaces on the receipt? Draw a line through them before you sign, so nothing can be
added later
Keep your receipts and check them against your billing statements
Dont just toss receipts and duplicatesshred the ones you dont need and securely file the
rest
Make sure your computer is equipped with a firewall, which prevents unauthorized users
from gaining access to your computer or monitoring transfers of information to and from the
computer.
Be sure to download and install any operating system and software updates (sometimes
called patches or service packs) in a timely manner
Make sure your browser software is up to date
Equip your computer with virus-protection software, such as McAfee Internet Security
Utilize fraud protection software. Bank of America customers can download free Trusteer
Rapport software to help protect their account information
Avoid downloading software or programs from unknown sources
Shop with established businesses that you can contact easily if theres an issue
When shopping on your mobile device, check to be sure the sites are secure by looking for
web addresses with https: in the address
Don't share personal info unless you absolutely have toand you know how it will be used
Check payment terms, refund and return policies, shipping costs and guidelines
Print or save (to your desktop) electronic copies of receipts, confirmation numbers and
emails
7.
If you lose your credit card or suspect fraudulent activity, contact your bank or credit card
issuer right away. Your credit card issuer can block your card and account number so no one
else can use them, and then give you a new card and account number. Remember: Speed is
critical. According to U.S. law, once you notify your issuer that your card was lost or stolen,
the most youll have to pay is $50and many issuers waive that as long as you notify them
promptly.
Stolen cards
When a credit card is lost or stolen, it may be used for illegal purchases until the holder notifies
the issuing bank and the bank puts a block on the account. Most banks have free 24-hour
telephone numbers to encourage prompt reporting. Still, it is possible for a thief to make
unauthorized purchases on a card before the card is cancelled. Without other security measures, a
thief could potentially purchase thousands of dollars in merchandise or services before the
cardholder or the card issuer realizes that the card has been compromised.
The only common security measure on all cards is a signature panel, but, depending on its exact
design, a signature may be relatively easy to forge. Some merchants will demand to see a picture
ID, such as a driver's license, to verify the identity of the purchaser, and some credit cards
include the holder's picture on the card itself. In some jurisdictions, it is illegal for merchants to
demand card holder identification. Self-serve payment systems (gas stations, kiosks, etc.) are
common targets for stolen cards, as there is no way to verify the card holder's identity. There is
also a new law that has been implemented that identification or a signature is only required for
purchases above $50, unless stated in the policy of the merchant. This new law makes it easier
for credit card theft to take place as well because it is not making it necessary for a form of
What is an APR?
If youre like millions of credit card holders, youve probably seen the phrase annual percentage
rate or APR on your monthly statement, but you may not truly understand what an APR is, or
know how its calculated. Fortunately, its not difficult to understandand knowing what an
APR is can help you make more informed credit card decisions.
The annual percentage rate or APR is the interest rate charged on the amount borrowed. It
reflects the annual cost of borrowing money. APR makes it easier to compare different loan and
credit card, because you can easily see which loan/ credit card would be cheaper. For example, a
loan with a 10% interest rate is less expensive than a loan with 15% interest rate (assuming other
things are equal).
SMART CARD
A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC) is any pocket-sized card that has
embedded integrated circuits. Smart cards are made of plastic, generally polyvinyl chloride, but
sometimes polyethylene
terephthalate based polyesters, acrylonitrile
butadiene
styrene or polycarbonate. Since April 2009, a Japanese company has manufactured reusable
financial smart cards made from paper.
Smart cards can be either contact or contactless smart card. Smart cards can provide personal
identification, authentication, data storage, and application processing. Smart cards may provide
strong security authentication for single sign-on (SSO) within large organizations.
Benefits
The benefits of smart cards are directly related to the volume of information and applications that
are programmed for use on a card. A single contact/contactless smart card can be programmed
with multiple banking credentials, medical entitlement, drivers license/public transport
entitlement, loyalty programs and club memberships to name just a few. Multi-factor and
proximity authentication can and has been embedded into smart cards to increase the security of
all services on the card. For example, a smart card can be programmed to only allow a
contactless transaction if it is also within range of another device like a uniquely paired mobile
phone. This can significantly increase the security of the smart card.
Governments and regional authorities save money because of improved security, better data and
reduced processing costs. These savings help reduce public budgets or enhance public services.
There are many examples in the UK, many using a common open lasseo specification.
Individuals have better security and more convenience with using smart cards that perform
multiple services. For example, they only need to replace one card if their wallet is lost or stolen.
The data storage on a card can reduce duplication, and even provide emergency medical
information.
Portability
QUESTIONNAIRE
Here some FAQ on the most popular plastic cards used in India.
When you use a credit card you are not declared even if you miss your due date. A 2.95 per cent
late payment fees (this differs from one bank to another) is levied in your next billing statement.
CONCLUSION
21ST Century banking has become wholly customer-driven & technology driven by challenges of
competition, rising customer expectations & shrinking margins, banks have been using
technology to reduce cost & enhance efficiency, productivity & customer convenience.
Technology intensive delivery channels like net banking, mobile banking, etc.
I have concluded from my project that demand of plastic money increasing rapidly as the
population of the world is increasing. According to top banking professionals, the credit card
business will grow by over 100% every year.
From educating customers about credit cards there is a need to educate them about the
differentiating factors of the cards. Because visa and master card are advertising regularly and
thereby increases awareness. The strategy should be to emphasize on its differentiating
characteristics.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITS
www.scribd.com
http://en.wikipedia.org
www.360financialliteracy.org
www.slideshare.net
REFERENCE BOOK
Innovation in banking & insurance sheth publication
Financial market & services
Indian banking industries