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Majority of U.S. married couples similar in race, religion, age, SES, education, IQ,
height, eye color, and physical attractiveness
Dating couples who were more similar on variety of dimensions were more likely to be
together 1 yr. later
Married couples with more similar personalities reported more closeness, shared
enjoyment of daily activities, marital satisfaction and less conflict
Implicit Egotism
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Positive attitudes toward self spill over to affect attitudes towards things associated with
oneself
Name-letter effect: people prefer letters in own names
Birthday-numeral effect: people prefer numerals in own birthdays
2000 presidential election: those whose last intial was B were more likely to contribute
$ to Bush, those who last initial was G were more likely to contribute to Gore
Motivated Self-Enhancement
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Male partcipants read and responsed to personal ads allegedly written by college-age
women
Threat manipulation
o Threat condition: Participants described their own biggest drawback as a dating
partner
Familiarity Revisited
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Decades of research shows that increased exposure without any new information
increases liking for a person or object
However, in everyday life increased exposure often includes acquiring new information
about a person
When increased familiarity involves increased information about a person how does it
typically affect attitudes?
First impressions are biased to be positive because when there is not much information
people tend to egocentrically project their own traits onto the target which leads to an
illusion of similarity
As more information is acquired people will encounter unambiguous evidence of
dissimilarities between the self and the other
Once dissimilarities are noticed they have a strong impact by biasing interpretations of
subsequent information leading people to perceive further dissimilarity between self and
other (dissimilarity cascade)
Friendship: College students randomly assigned to be roommates tend to like each other
less over time living together
Marriage: 48% of couples who married in the 1970s divorced within 25 years
Politics: 10 out of 11 US presidents from H.S. Truman to G.W. Bush left office with
higher disapproval than they entered with
o e.g., Trumans disapproval increased from 5% to 65%, G.W. Bushs disapproval
increased from 25% to 60%
Users of an online dating website were surveyed about their perceptions of someone
whom they had already dated or whom they were about to go on a date with
Participants were asked to rate
o How much they knew about their dates hobbies/interests, family, occupation, and
social life