AMEC-BCCM

ANATOMY OF THE EYE

MEDICINE II

OPHTHALMOLOGY

A.Y. 2016-2017

Lecture Trans (July 14, 2016)

EYE BROWS
Higher in females
Straighter in males
Moved by several facial muscles
Descend with age
EYELIDS

Upper and Lower

Several layers
o Skin
o Muscles
o Tarsus
o Conjunct
o Septum

Protect the eye

Entropion

Ectropion

Blepharospasm

Masses
o Benign vs Malignant
o Acute vs Chronic

Dual innervations

Pitosis
o Childhood vs Adulthood

Eyelid retraction
LACRIMAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Parts
Punctum
Canaliculus
Lacrimal Sac
Nasolacrimal Duct
Lacrimal Pump
Obstruction
Congenital vs acquired
Infection
Acute vs chronic
Subspec: PLASTIC-LACRIMAL

Diagnostics:
o X-ray, CT Scan, MRI
o Dacryocystography or scintigraphy

Surgical Procedures
o Excision/Section Biopsy
o Reconstruction
o Cosmetic Surgery
o Dacryocystorhinostomy

Injections
o Botulinum Toxin
o Fillers
CONJUCTIVA
Parts
Palpebral
Forniceal
Bulbar
Protect the eye
Tear layer
Infection
Viral vs. bacterial

Degenerations
Pinguecula vs Pterygium
Tenons capsule
Connective tissue
Fibrosis
Granulomas
Cysts

SCLERA
Collagen
Deformations
Staphyloma
Discoloration
Brown
Blue
Yellow
CORNEA
5 LAYERS
Epithelium
Bowmans
Stroma
Descemet
Endothelium
Avascular
2/3 of the refractions
Dystrophies
Degenerations
Band keratopathy (calcium deposits)
Erosion / abrasion
Laceration
Infections
Subspec: EXTERNAL DISEASE AND CORNEA
Infections
Cornea transplant
Conjunctival Grafts
Subspec: REFRACTIVE SURGERY
Diagnostics
Pachymetry
Cornea Topography
Specular Microscopy
Laser Procedures
PRK
LASIK
UVEA
-

3 parts
Iris
Ciliary Body
Choroid
Masses
Systemic disease
Infections
Arthritis
Syndromes

ANTERIOR CHAMBER
Aqueous humor

Hypopyon
Hyphema

POSTERIOR CHAMBER
Vitreous
Vitreous abscess
Vitreous hemorrhage

Subspec: UVEITIS
Local treatment
Injections
Drug Depots
Systemic treatment
RETINA
10 layers
Systemic disease
DM Retinopathy
HPN
Detachment
Rhegmatogenous vs. non-rhegmatogenous
Breaks / holes
Retinopathy of prematurity
Retinoblastoma
Subspec: RETINA

Imaging
o Ultrasound
o Optical Coherence Tomography
o Fluorescein Angiography

Injections
o Anti-VEGF

Laser procedures
o Retinal photocoagulation
o Local laser therapy

Surgical procedures
o Scleral buckling
o Vitrectomy

Gas

Oil
OPTIC NERVE
From optic disc to the optic chiasm
Cup disc ratio
Pallor
Optic neuritis
Intracranial pathology
Systemic disease
Trauma
Glaucoma
ANGLES
Drainage of aqueous humor
Open angle vs angle closure

Subspec: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY
Diagnostics
Electro-oculography
Electroretinography
Perimetry
Subspec: GLAUCOMA

Diagnostics

Transcriber: SAGUN SHRESTHA & DAWN D. ZOLETA

LENS

o Perimetry
o Disc photographs
o Optical coherence tomography
Laser and Diode Procedure
o Iridotomy
o Trabeculoplasty
o Cyclodiode
Surgical Procedures
o Trabeculectomy
o Implantation of drainage devices

1/3 of refreaction
Zonules
Capsule/Bag
Cortex
Nucleus
Cataract

Subspec: CATARACT
Diagnostics
Biometry
Keratometry Corneal Measurement
Procedures
Lens extraction
EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES
Seven EOMS
4 recti
2 obliques
Levator Palpebrae
Esotropia
Exotropia
Palsy/paresis vs. restriction
Amblyopia
Subspec: MOTILITY

Pediatric Ophthalmology

Diagnostics
o Cycloplegic refraction

Interventions
o Spectacles
o Patching

Surgical Procedures
o Muscle Surgery

Examination under Anesthesia

ORBIT
-

Fixed space surrounded by

7 bones
4 sinuses
Brain and nasal cavity
Masses
Benign vs malignant
Infection
Inflammation
Trauma
Fractures
Retrobulbar
Hemorrhage
Carotid-cavernous
Fistula

ANATOMY OF THE EYE 2 of 3

Subspec: ORBIT

Diagnostics
o X-ray, CT Scan, MRI
o Angiography

Surgical Procedures
o Eviseration
o Enucleation
o Exenteration
o Orbitotomy

Transcriber: SAGUN SHRESTHA & DAWN D. ZOLETA

ANATOMY OF THE EYE 3 of 3