Problems

433

5.39
5 2.7 m
2
5.39
At z 4 m: Sv 5
5 1.35 m
4
5.39
At z 5 m: Sv 5
5 1.08 m
5
Use SV 1 m

At z 2 m: Sv 5

Determination of L
From Eq. (8.68),
L5

SVKa FS(P)
(1 m) (0.27) (1.5)
62z
H2z
1
5
1
2CrCi tanf1r
(2) (0.8) (0.75) (tan 35)
f1r
35
tana45 1 b
tana45 1 b
2
2

At z 1 m: L 0.52(6 1) 0.482 3.08 m 3.1 m

At z 3 m: L 0.52(6 3) 0.482 2.04 m 2.1 m
At z 5 m: L 0.52(6 5) 0.482 1.0 m
So, use L 3 m for z 0 to 6 m.

Problems
In Problems 8.1 through 8.4, use gconcrete 23.58 kN> m3. Also, in Eq. (8.11), use k1 k2
2> 3 and Pp 0.
8.1

For the cantilever retaining wall shown in Figure P8.1, let the following data be given:
Wall dimensions:
Soil properties:

8.2

H 8 m, x1 0.4 m, x2 0.6 m, x3 1.5 m, x4 3.5 m,

x5 0.96 m, D 1.75 m, a 10

g1 16.5 kN> m3, f1r 32, g2 17.6 kN> m3, f2r 5 28, cr2
30 kN> m2

Calculate the factor of safety with respect to overturning, sliding, and bearing capacity.
Repeat Problem 8.1 with the following:
Wall dimensions:

H 6.5 m, x1 0.3 m, x2 0.6 m, x3 0.8 m, x4 2 m,

x5 0.8 m, D 1.5 m, a 0

g1 18.08 kN/m3, f1r 36, g2 19.65 kN/m3, f2r 15,cr2

30 kN> m2
A gravity retaining wall is shown in Figure P8.3. Calculate the factor of safety with
respect to overturning and sliding, given the following data:
Soil properties:

8.3

Wall dimensions:
Soil properties:

H 6 m, x1 0.6 m, x2 2 m, x3 2 m, x4 0.5 m, x5
0.75 m, x6 0.8 m, D 1.5 m

g1 16.5 kN> m3, f1r 32, g2 18 kN/m3, f2r 22, c2r

40 kN> m2

Use the Rankine active earth pressure in your calculation.

434 Chapter 8: Retaining Walls

x1

1
c1  0
1

x5
x2

x3

x4
2
2
c2

1
c1  0
1

x5

x6

D
x4

x2

x1

x3
2
2
c2

8.4

Figure P8.1

Figure P8.3

Repeat Problem 8.3 using Coulombs active earth pressure in your calculation and
letting d r 2> 3 f1r .
8.5 Refer to Figure P8.5 for the design of a gravity retaining wall for earthquake condition Given: kv 0 and kh 0.3.
a. What should be the weight of the wall for a zero displacement condition? Use a
factor of safety of 2.
b. What should be the weight of the wall for an allowable displacement of 50.8 mm?

References

7m

Sand

8.6

8.7
8.8

435

Sand
1  30
1  18 kN/m3
1  15

2  36
2  18.5 kN/m3

Figure P8.5

Given: Av 0.15 and Aa 0.25. Use a factor of safety of 2.

In Figure 8.29a, use the following parameters:
Wall: H 8 m
Soil: g1 17 kN> m3, f1r 35
Reinforcement: SV 1 m and SH 1.5 m
Surcharge: q 70 kN> m2, a r 1.5 m, and b r 2 m
Calculate the vertical stress sor [Eqs. (8.32), (8.33) and (8.34)] at z 2 m, 4 m, 6 m
and 8 m.
For the data given in Problem 8.6, calculate the lateral pressure sar at z 2 m, 4 m,
6 m and 8 m. Use Eqs. (8.35), (8.36) and (8.37).
A reinforced earth retaining wall (Figure 8.29) is to be 10 m. high. Here,
Backfill: unit weight, g1 16 kN> m3 and soil friction angle, f1r 34
Reinforcement: vertical spacing, SV 5 1 m; horizontal spacing, SH 5 1.25 m;
width of reinforcement 5 120 mm., fy 5 260 MN>m2; fm 5 25;
factor of safety against tie pullout 5 3; and factor of safety
against tie breaking 3

Determine:
a. The required thickness of ties
b. The required maximum length of ties
8.9 In Problem 8.8 assume that the ties at all depths are the length determined in Part b.
For the in situ soil, f2r 25, g2 15.5 kN> m3, c2r 30 kN> m2. Calculate the factor
of safety against (a) overturning, (b) sliding, and (c) bearing capacity failure.
8.10 A retaining wall with geotextile reinforcement is 6-m high. For the granular
backfill, g1 15.9 kN> m3 and f1r 30. For the geotextile, Tall 16 kN> m. For the
design of the wall, determine SV, L, and ll. Use FS(B) FS(P) 1.5.
8.11 With the SV, L, and ll determined in Problem 8.10, check the overall stability
(i.e., factor of safety against overturning, sliding, and bearing capacity
failure) of the wall. For the in situ soil, g2 16.8 kN> m3, f2r 20, and c2r
55 kN> m2.

References
APPLIED TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL (1978). Tentative Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for Buildings, Publication ATC 3-06, Palo Alto, California.
BELL, J. R., STILLEY, A. N., and VANDRE, B. (1975). Fabric Retaining Earth Walls, Proceedings,
Thirteenth Engineering Geology and Soils Engineering Symposium, Moscow, ID.