Questions on Logarithmic Functions and Indices

1.
a)

Solve the following equations:

2x

i) 3

= 1000

(Cambridge IGCSE A-Maths 0606/23, May/June 2012 P2 Q5)

ii) 362y-5/63y = 62y-1/216y+6

b)

4x / 25-x = 24x / 8x-3 (IGCSE Q)

c)

3x+1 + 32-x = 28

d)

23x = 8 + 23x 1 (SPM 2011 P1 Q7 @ pg 162)

e)

3x + 2 3x = 8/9

f)

162x-3 = 84x

g)

9(3n 1) = 27n (SPM 2007 P1 Q8 @ pg 58)

h)

3n 3 x 27n =243 (SPM 2009 P1 Q7 @ pg 110)

i)

2x + 4 2x + 3 = 1 (SPM 2005 P1 Q7 @ pg 5)

j)

82x-3 = 1/(4x + 2) (SPM 2006 P1 Q6 @ pg 31)

k)

27(32x + 4) = 1

2.

(i) Write 125 = 53 as a logarithmic equation

(IGCSE Q)

(SPM 2010 P1 Q7 @ pg 136)

(SPM 2008 P1 Q7 @ pg 83)

(SPM 2012 P1 Q7 @ pg 187)

(ii) Express logb32 = 5 in index form

(iii) Evaluate:
(a)

blogbx

(b) 10lg10
(c)
3.

eln x for x = 3
For each of the following equations, sketch on separate axes its graph, showing clearly
where the graph crosses the axis:

a)

y = ex

(2)

b)

y = log3 x

(2)

c)

y = 2-x

(2)

d)

y = log3 (-x)

(2)

4.

Solve the equations:

a)

logx 128 = 7

(2)

b)

log5 (7x -1) = 3

(3)

c)

log4 t = 6 logt 16 -1

(5)

5.

Solve

(a) logq 343 = 3

(2)

(b) log4 (5n + 9) = 3

(3)

(c) logm 4 + 8 log4 m = 6

(6)

(d) 2 log3 x 3x log3 x + 6x = 4

(5)

6.

Solve

(a) logx 125 = 3

(2)

(b) log4 (9y + 4) = 4

(3)

(c) 3 logp p = logp 9

(6)

7.

Given that f(x) = log5 3 + log5 6 + log5 9 + log5 12 + log5 15

a)

Show that f(x) = 6 log5 3 + 3 log5 2 + 1

(3)

b)

Solve f(x) = 1 + log5 x + log5 x2

(3)

8.

a) Given that log8 7 = m log2 7, find the value of m.

(2)

b) f(x) = 16x log9 10 12 log9 10 + 4x log3 x 3 log3 x

i)

Factorise f(x) completely

ii) Hence, solve f(x) = 0

9.

(3)
(3)

Solve the simultaneous equations:

(a) 2 log3 x + 3 log5 y = 7

log3 x log5 y = 1
(b) (Given that p q): logp q + 3 logq p = 4

(4)

pq = 81

(5)

(c) 3 log2 x + 4 log3 y = 10

log2 x log3 y = 1
10. Solve:

(6)

(a) logq 5 + 6 log5 q = 5

(4)

(b) log3 (5x + 12) + log3 x = 2

(5)

11. Given that log9 10 = k log3 10,

(a) find the value of k.

(2)

(b) Factorise completely

4x log3 x 3 log3 x + 16x log9 10 12 log9 10 (2)
(c) Hence, solve the equation

(5)

4x log3 x 3 log3 x + 16x log9 10 12 log9 10 = 0

12. Solve
(a) logp 343 = 3

(2)

(b) log6(11q 4) = 3

(2)

(c) 9 logr 3 = log3 r

(3)

(d) Show that

(3)

log5 3 + log5 6 + log5 9 + log5 12 + log5 +15 = 6 log5 3 + 3 log5 2 + 1

(e) Solve the equation

(3)

log5 3 + log5 6 + log5 9 + log5 12 + log5 +15 = 1 + log5 x + log5 x2

13. (a) Solve the equations

(i)

logx 343 = 3

(2)

(ii)

log9(4y 3) = 2

(2)

(b) Solve, to 3 significant figures, logq 5 + 6 log5 q = 5

(5)

(c) Show that x log2 x5 log2 x2 (5x 2) log2 x.

(2)

(d) Hence solve the equation x log2 x5 log2 x2 = 20x 8 (4)

14. (a) Solve the equations log4 2 = p

(1)

Given that log2 3 = k log4 3

(b) find the value of k
(d)

(2)

Show that

(4)
5x log4 x 2 log4 x 10x log2 3 + 4 log2 3 = log4 (x5x 2/320x 8)

(e)

Hence solve the equation

(4)

5x log4 x 2 log4 x 10x log2 3 + 4 log2 3 = 0

15. Solve
(a) logq 343 = 3

(2)

(b) log4(5n + 9) = 3

(3)

(c) logm 4 + 8 log4 m = 6

(6)

(d) 2 log3 x - 3x log3 x + 6x = 4

(5)

16. Solve
(a)

logp 243 = 5

(2)

(b)

log4 (3q + 4) = 3

(2)

f(x) = 2x logx 3 5 logx 9 x + 5

(c)

Find the value of a and the value of b so that

f(x) = (x 5)(a logx 3 b)

(d)

Hence solve the equation f(x) = 0

(3)
(3)

17. (a) Solve the equations

(i)

log5 625 = x

(2)

(ii)

log3(5y + 3) = 5

(2)

(b) (i)
(ii)

Factorise

5x ln x + 3 ln x 10x 6

Hence find the exact solution of the equation

5x ln x + 3 ln x 10x 6 = 0

(5)

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