HISTORY OF BADMINTON

In the 5th century BC, the people in china then played a game called ti jian zi. A
direct translation from this word 'ti jian zi' is kicking the shuttle. As the name
suggest, the objective of the game is to keep the shuttle from hitting the ground
without using hand. Whether this sport has anything to do with the History of
Badminton is up for debate. It was however the first game that uses a Shuttle.
About five centuries later, a game named Battledore and Shuttlecock was played in
china, Japan, India and Greece. This is a game where you use the Battledore (a
paddle) to hit the Shuttlecock back and forth. By the 16th century, it has become a
popular game among children in England. In Europe this game was known as jeu de
volant to them. In the 1860s, a game named Poona was played in India. This game
is much like the Battledore and Shuttlecock but with an added net. The British army
learned this game in India and took the equipments back to England during the
1870s.
In 1873, the Duke of Beaufort held a lawn party in his country place, Badminton. A
game of Poona was played on that day and became popular among the British
society's elite. The new party sport became known as "the Badminton game". In
1877, the Bath Badminton Club was formed and developed the first official set of
rules.
The International Badminton Federation (IBF) was formed in 1934 with 9 founding
members.
- England
- Ireland
- Scotland
- Wales
- Denmark
- Holland
- Canada
- New Zealand
- France
Since then, major international tournaments like the Thomas Cup (Men) and Uber
Cup (Women) were held. Badminton was officially granted Olympic status in the
1992 Barcelona Games. From 9 founding members, IBF now have over 150 member
countries. The future of Badminton looks bright indeed.

RULES OF BADMINTON
Knowing the Rules of Badminton is important if you really want to advance
in Badminton and enjoy this game. In the event that a dispute occurs during a
match, you'll be able to settle it.
Toss
The rules of badminton states that a toss shall be conducted before a game starts. If
you win, you can choose between serving first or to start play at either end of the
court. Your opponent can then exercise the remaining choice.
Scoring system
The rules of badminton states that a badminton match shall consist of the best of 3
games. In doubles and men's singles, the first side to score 15 points wins the
game. In women's singles, the first side to score 11 points wins the game.
If the score becomes 14-all (10-all in women's singles), the side which first scored
14 (10) shall exercise the choice to continue the game to 15 (11) points or to 'set'
the game to 17 (13) points.
Faults
The rules of badminton consider the following as faults:
- If the shuttle lands outside the boundaries of the court, passes through or under
the net, fail to pass the net, touches the ceiling or side walls, touches the person or
dress of a player or touches any other object or person.
- If the initial point of contact with the shuttle is not on the striker's side of the net.
(The striker may, however, follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the
course of a stroke.)
- If a player touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress, invades an
opponent's court over the net with racket or person except as permitted.
- If a player invades an opponent's court under the net with racket or person such
that an opponent is obstructed or distracted or obstructs an opponent, that is
prevents an opponent from making a legal stroke where the shuttle is followed over
the net.
- If a player deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting or
making gestures.
- If the shuttle is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution
of a stroke.
- If the shuttle is hit twice in succession by the same player with two strokes.
- If the shuttle is hit by a player and the player's partner successively or touches a

player's racket and continues towards the back of that player's court.
- If a player is guilty of flagrant, repeated or persistent offences under Law of
Continuous Play, Misconduct, Penalties.
- If, on service, the shuttle is caught on the net and remains suspended on top, or,
on service, after passing over the net is caught in the net.
Lets
'Let' is called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no umpire), to halt play.
A 'let' may be given for any unforeseen or accidental occurrence.The rules of
badminton consider the following as 'lets':
- If a shuttle is caught in the net and remains suspended on top or, after passing
over the net, is caught in the net, it shall be a 'let' except on service.
- If, during service, the receiver and server are both faulted at the same time, it
shall be a 'let'.
- If the server serves before the receiver is ready, it shall be a 'let'.
- If, during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from
the rest of the shuttle, is shall be a 'let'.
- If a line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a decision, it shall be
a 'let'.
- A 'let' may occur following a service court error. When a 'let' occurs, the play since
the last service shall not count and the player who served shall serve again, except
where in situations where the Law of Service Court Errors is applicable.
Shuttle not in play
A shuttle is not in play when it strikes the net and remains attached there or
suspended on top.
A shuttle is not in play when it strikes the net or post and starts to fall towards the
surface of the court on the striker's side of the net.
Continuous play, misconduct, penalties
Play shall be continuous from the first service until the match is concluded, except
as allowed in intervals not exceeding 90 seconds between the first and second
games, and not exceeding 5 minutes between the second and third games.

BADMINTION MEASUREMENTS
Overall Court Dimensions

The overall dimensions of a badminton court is 20 feet by 44 feet. The lines along
these measurements mark the sidelines for doubles play and long service lines for
singles play.
The Net Line
The net line marks the middle of the court where the net is placed, creating a 22
feet by 20 feet area on each side of the net.
Short Service Line
The short service line is marked 6 feet 6 inches (some are marked 7 feet) from the
center line. The area inside the short service line is also called the Non Volley Zone.
Center Line
The Center Line is the line that divides the court from the Short Service Line to the
Back Boundary Line. This delineates the Left from Right Service Court.
Side Line for Singles Play
The Singles Side Line is marked 1 1/2 feet from the edge of the outer boundary
(doubles side line)
Back Boundary Line and Long Service Line for Singles
The back boundary line is the same for singles and doubles play it is the outermost
back line on the court.
Long Service Line for Doubles
The Long Service line for Doubles is marked 2 1/2 feet inside the Back Boundary
Line.
The Badminton Net
The badminton net measures 5 feet tall in the center.

BADMINTON TERMINOLOGY
Alley - side-extension of the court by l feet on both sides that is used for doubles
play
Attacking clear : An offensive stroke hit deep into the opponent's court.
Back Alley - Area between the back boundary line and the long service line for
doubles

Backcourt : Back third of the court, in the area of the back boundary lines.
Backhand : The stroke used to return balls hit to the left of a right-handed player
and to the right of a left-handed player.
Base position : The location in the centre of the court to which a singles player tries
to return after each shot; also called "centre position".
Baseline : The back boundary line at each end of the court, parallel to the net.
Carry - An illegal tactic, also called a sling or throw, in which the shuttle is caught
and held on the racquet and then slung during the execution of a stroke.
Center Line - Line perpendicular to the net that separates the left and right service
courts.
Clear - A shot hit deep to the opponents back court.
Court - Area of play, as defined by the outer boundary lines.
Drive - A fast and low shot that makes a horizontal flight over the net.
Drop - A shot hit sohly and with finesse to fall rapidly and close to the net on the
opponents side.
Fault - A violation of the playing rules, either in serving, receiving, or during play
(see common faults listed below).
Flick - A quick wrist and forearm rotation that surprises an opponent by changing an
apparently soft shot into a faster passing one; used primarily on the serve and at
the net.
Forecourt - Front third of the court, between the net and the short service line.
Hairpin Net Shot - Shot made from below and very close to the net with the shuttle
rising, just clearing the net, and then dropping sharply down the other side. The
shuttles flight approximates the shape of a hairpin.
Halfcourt Shot - A shot hit low and to midcourt, used effectively in doubles against
the up-and-back formation.
Kill - Fast, downward shot that cannot be returned; a "putaway."

Let - A legitimate cessation of play to allow a rally to be replayed.

Long Service Line - In singles, the back boundary line. In doubles a line 2 l/2 feet
inside the back boundary line. The serve may not go past this line.
Match - A series of games (at U.S. Olympic Festival-93 it is three out of five), to
determine a winner. Midcourt - The middle third of the court, halfway between the
net and the back boundary line.
Net Shot - Shot hit from the forecourt that just clears the net and drops sharply.
Push Shot - Gentle shot played by pushing the shuttle with little wrist motion,
usually from net or midcourt to the opponents midcourt.
Racquet - Instrument used by playerto hit shuttlecock Weight:About3 ounces.
Length: 27 inches. Made of: Ceramic, graphite, or boron frame; beef-gut string.
Cost: $60-$175 (unstrung).
Rally this occurs when the players hit the bird back and forth several times before
one side scores a point
Serve or Service players put the shuttlecock into play for points by serving it to
opponents, hitting it over the net into a special part of the court near their opponent
Service Court - Area into which the serve must be delivered. Different for singles
and doubles play.
Short Service Line - The line 6 l/2 feet from the net which a serve must reach to be
legal.
Shuttlecock - thje name for the object that players hit, made of a ball of cork or
rubber with a crown of feathers in an open conical shape.
Smash when a shuttle is floated high into the air, a player has time to unleash a
powerful overhand shot straight to the floor of the opposing court
Wood Shot - Shot that results when the base of the shuttle is hit by the frame of the
racquet. Once illegal, this shot was ruled acceptable by the International Badminton
Federation in 1963.

FAMOUS SPORTS PERSONALITIES

 Saina Nehwal
Lin Dan
Lei Chong Wei
Taufik Hidayat
Chetan Anand
Jwala Gutta
Chen Long
Tony Gunawan
Zhao Yunlei
Cai Yun
Peter Gade
Zhang Nan
Yu Yang
Wang Xin
Valiyaveetil Diju
Tian Qing
Methias Boe
Fu Heifing
Chrisinna Pedersen
Joachim Fishcher Nielson
Li Xueui
Chen Jin
Wang Xiaoli
Yoo Yeon Seong
Ma Jin
Chris Adcock
Tan Boon Heong
Koo Kein Keet
Tontowi Ahmed
Vita Marissa
Imogen Bankier
Carsten Mongensen
Susan Egelstaff
Michele Li
Ti Tzu Ying

Derek Wong Zi Liang

Greysia Polli
Yao Lei
Gu Juan
Marc Zweiber
Brice Leverdez

SPORTS AWARDEES
In 2011, Gutta was awarded the Arjuna award by the Indian Government, India's second highest
sporting honour for her achievements as a badminton player.
Saina Nehwal ARjuna Award 2009 Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna 2009-10 Padma Shri 2010
PV Sindhu Padma Shri 2015

COMMON SPORTS INJURIES

Badminton Injury does occur to a player when they are not properly warmed up or their techniques are not correct. It
also happens when fatigue kicks in after playing or training for too long. Also there are times when you don't really
know what hit you.

So I think it is good that you understand the few common badminton injuries
in case you are unlucky and injured yourself. However, you should always
seek professional medical advice if that happens.
Acute Badminton Injuries
Ankle Sprain
This is a common badminton injury, usually accidental. It may occur when
the athlete steps on his partner's foot and land with a plantar flexed,
inverted and supinated foot. Most sprains occur on the lateral ligament
complex, a group of ligaments on the outside of the ankle. It will result in a
painful swelling in the outer aspect of the ankle, usually causing a partial or
total rupture of one or more ligaments.
Apply RICE (Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate) to reduce swelling. It may also
result in other complications eg. fracture, tendon injuries and loss of
proprioceptive control. It may take days to a few months to heal with
adequate rehabilitation.

Meniscus Tear
Normally caused by a sudden twisting movement of the knee during
footwork resulting in the tear of the meniscus. There will be pain in the jointline of the knee, mild swelling and unable to flex or extend the leg in full. It
may be having accompanying collateral or cruciate ligament injury.
Muscle Strain
Sudden explosive loading of a muscle resulting in rapid contraction of
muscle fibers like a sudden overhead smash. It may result in the disruption
of muscle fibers and will cause muscle pain, swelling, bruising and lost of
function (depending on severity) eg. Hamstring strain, gastrocnemius strain,
adductor strain, quadratus lumborum/ lumbocostal strain.
Overuse Badminton Injuries
Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)
A chronic overuse injury due to repetitive backhand flicks, over tension of
strings, change of grip size, poor recovery and stretching. It will result in pain
in the lateral epicondyle and common extensor tendon.
Having the correct techniques and proper grip sizing is important to prevent
this type of badminton injury. It is also important that you do not advance
too quickly to a higher level or increase the intensity of play. Adequate rest is
the best option of cure.
Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow)
An acute or chronic overuse injury due to repeated wrist flicks, with
inadequate recovery of the common flexor tendons. Pain will occur at the
medial epicondyle. You can treat it with tape, tennis elbow guard, manual
therapy and stretching.
Shoulder Injuries
Very common in Badminton as this game involves a lot of overhead
shots. Normally caused by problems or damage on the rotator cuff.
Patellar Tendonitis (Jumper's Knee)
A chronic overuse injury due to repetitive jumping on hard surface with poor

footwear. There will be pain in the front of the knee( just below the patella).
It may seem resolved initially after warming up but it'll be aggravated by a
sudden increase in intensity and frequency of jumping. It may result in
tendon rapture and may involve other structures: example plica, femoral
condyle. Adequate rest is the best option of cure.
Achilles Tendinopathty
A chronic degenerative change of the Achilles tendon due to repetitive
jumping and pushing off, poor recovery, warm up and stretching.There will
be pain and swelling in the Achilles tendon. It may result in the rupture of
tendon. (explosive jumping)
Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
A chronic low backache caused by anatomic anomaly, inadequate abdominal
and lumbo-pelvic muscle control (core stability). It can be prevented with
stability and coordination exercises of local and global muscles (abdomen,
diaphragm, back pelvic floor and gluteal). Please refer to doctor for full
evaluation on this badminton injury.
Cramps
A sudden, tight and intense pain caused by a group of muscle locked in
spasm due to excessive fluid loss, excessive heat gain, fatigue and
inadequate muscle recovery and heredity. This badminton injury usually
happens in the player's leg area. Treatment should include straightening of
the leg and gentle massage. Also drink as much fluid as you can in between
intervals.
Abrasions
Superficial loss of skin due to contact with floor or mat. This is a common
badminton injury as you fall to the ground to retrieve a shot. Clean the
wounds thoroughly to prevent infections.
Blisters
Fluid filled space under the skin caused by direct contact with hard surface.
Occur mostly on the heels and toes and at times on the hands. It may lead

to infection if untreated. Clean the area before pricking the blister to drain
the fluid. Then leave the skin in place and cover with gauze