Discovery

ANALYSIS

The International journal

ISSN 2278 5469

EISSN 2278 5450
2016 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved

Pneumatic metal sheet cutting machine

Publication History
Received: 22 April 2016
Accepted: 20 May 2016
Published: 1 June 2016
Citation
Mahesh Kumar Dhangar, Manujendra Sharma, Mangu Singh Chouhan. Pneumatic metal sheet cutting machine.
Discovery, 2016, 52(246), 1359-1365

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PNEUMATIC METAL SHEET CUTTING MACHINE

Mahesh Kumar Dhangar1, Manujendra Sharma2, Mangu Singh Chouhan3
Final Year Students, Department Of Mechanical Engineering,
Mandsaur Institute Of Technology Mandsaur, (MP)
1
maheshdhangar471@gmail.com
2
manujendra.shrama12@gmail.com
3
mangusing86@gmail.com

Abstract
Many machines today are using of electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic component as a source
of system. So, to gain skills and knowledge on how to develop machine, this paper are
recommended. With the title Of Design and fabricate of pneumatic tool , there are many
requirements to know such as function of pneumatic component, capability to use design
software and conventional machine to fulfil this paper. In design stage, there provide three
design that need to be considered and the design was selected using Pugh method selection.
Then, the design was drawing solid work 2007. For pneumatic circuit, fideism software has
been used which is require to see the process of machine before it implemented. For
fabrication part, the machining process are only used conventional machine; milling machine
and lathe machine. In testing process, compressor with motor 2.5HP has been using as a
source of air and the machine functioned well where it can punch on 0.7mm of sheet metal
with diameter 10mm. t the end of task, the conclusion is making and several recommendation
are suggests to make an important about the result and the Paper for further study.
Keywords: Pneumatic cylinder, Compressor, Sheet metal Cutter, Pump, Valve.

1. INTRODUCTION
In the mechanical field sheet metal cutting process is one of the most important processes. All the
small to big products need sheet metal work. In that sheet process now a days we use large size of to
sheet cutting machine .and also the machine occupy large amount of space in the work shop. In that
work our aim is to make simple and easy operate with less space machine and simple in mechanism.

2. PNEUMATICS
Pneumatics is that branch of technology, which deals with the study and application of use of
pressurized air to affect mechanical motion.
Pneumos means Air and Tics means Technology. The compressed air is used as the working
medium, normally at a pressure of 6-8bars(also can be extended up to 15bar) and a maximum force up
to 50KN can be obtained. Pneumatics is used extensively in industry as well as in many everyday
applications. It has many distinct advantages in terms of energy consumption, cost and safety.
Pneumatic power is used in industry, where factory machines are commonly plumbed for compressed
air (other compressed inert gases can also be used).Pneumatics also has applications in dentistry,
construction, mining, and other areas.

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3. MAIN COMPONENTS OF PNEUMATIC SHEET METAL CUTTING

MACHINE

Pneumatic cylinder
Piston
Control unit
Moving cutter

Fixed cutter
Supporting plate
Solenoid valve
Compressor

Fig. 1 -Arrangement of pneumatic sheet metal cutting machine

3.1 SHEET METAL CUTTER

Lower knife and upper knife have to be tempered in order to harden them and beside these two items
have to be made out of the quality steel with hardness. The procedure of cutting the sheet being by
placing delimiter on the required distance forms the lower knife. After that, the steel is being placed
on the left between the knives, until it reach delimiter. By pulling down the handle, you will cut the
sheet with the exact width as it is between delimiter and lower knife. If we want to cut metal sheet
with bigger width than the maximal delimiter and lower knife, well have to remove a delimiter, mark
the line on the sheet by hand and slowly cut the sheet by that line.

Fig.2- sheet metal cutter

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3.2 PNEUMATIC CYLINDERS

As we know, the power of compressed air used for mechanical work is based on the electricity
consumption of compressor. The energy saving in pneumatic system is important. So many methods
had been proposed [1]. In order to achieve the effective use of available energy, the assessment of
energy consumption is necessary. Previous research showed that the available energy of air consists of
two parts: power transmission energy and expansive energy [2]. It is clarified that over half of
supplied available energy is used and remaining energy is lost [3]. However, the measurement of the
consumption of available energy in a pneumatic cylinder system has not been conducted. The reason
is that there are not any effective methods to measure the energy. To compare with the traditional
energy consumption assessment method based on air flow rate, a new method using air power in
terms of available energy has been proposed [4]. With air power, mechanism and factors will make
objective of energy savings clearly.

3.4 COMPRESSORS
An air compressor is a device that converts power (usually from an electric motor, a diesel engine or a
gasoline engine) into kinetic energy by compressing and pressurizing air, which, on command, can be
released in quick bursts. There are numerous methods of air compression, divided into either positive
displacement or negative displacement types [5]. An air compressor is a machine which takes in air at
a certain pressure and delivers the air at a higher pressure. Everything on earth is subjected to the
absolute atmospheric pressure (pa), this pressure cannot be felt. The prevailing atmospheric pressure
is therefore regarded as the base and any deviation is termed "gauge pressure".

3.5CONTROL VALVE
Control valve are a fundamental component of any pneumatic system. Which used to flow and
supply of compressed air for the cylinder.

4. CALCULATION
Length of pneumatic cylinder = 100mm
Diameter of pneumatic cylinder = 80mm
Since
Pressure =
F=

F = P.

N-

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Mean Pressure =

.
.

= 0.475 N
Area =

Area = 0.785

d
4

( = 0.7850)

Area = 5024.00 mm2

Now, F =

N-

F = 0.475 5024.00
F= 2386

N-

N-

5. DATA ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 SIZES
Air cylinders are available in a variety of sizes and can typically range from a small 2.5 mm air
cylinder, which might be used for picking up a small transistor or other electronic component, to 400
mm diameter air cylinders which would impart enough force to lift a car. Some pneumatic cylinders
reach 1000 mm in diameter, and are used in place of hydraulic cylinders for special circumstances
where leaking hydraulic oil could impose an extreme hazard.

5.2 MATERIALS:The pneumatic cylinders designed for educational use typically have transparent outer sleeves (often
plexus glass), so students can see the piston moving inside. The pneumatic cylinders designed for
clean room applications often use lubricant-free Pyrex Glass pistons sliding inside graphite sleeves. In
general, the material used for a pneumatic cylinder is ST-52 (Seamless Tube).

5.3 VALVES:
Valves control the flow of compressed air to a cylinder. They can be used to turn the air on or off,
change the direction in which the air is flowing or even slow down the airflow. The most common
type of valve is the 3/2 valve. A 3/2 valve gets its name because it has three ports and two states. A
port is where we can connect a pipe and a state is simply a position that the valve can be in. The ports
are numbered to help us make the right connections. The numbers will be stamped onto the casing of
the valve.

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Port 2 Output Connection

This port lets us make connections to other components. Remember, the purpose of valves is to
control the flow of air to other components, usually cylinders.

Port 3 Exhaust
This port allows air trapped in the circuit to escape or exhaust. Remember, for our cylinders to in
stroke and outstroke, they need the air on the other side of the piston to escape.

The 3/2 valve has two states of operation. One state prevents air from being supplied to other
components and the other allows the air to flow freely.

State 1 Off/Punctuated State:

In this state, the main air supply through the valve is blocked and so air is unable to reach other
components, such as cylinders. However, any air within the cylinder is able to exhaust through the
valve and this will allow the cylinder to return to its original position. The symbol below represents
the air flow through the valve in OFF state.
In this state, the main air supply is able to flow freely through the valve and supply components, such
as cylinders, with air. The symbol below represents the air flow through the valve in OFF state. The
complete symbol for a 3/2 valve combines both states and is usually drawn in the OFF/Punctuated
state. The complete symbol is shown below.

Fig3. - On/Actuate

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6. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

With the introduction of pneumatics in the manufacturing process, the industry is benefited with a
cheaper medium of industrial automation which s judiciously used, may bring down the cost of
production to a much lower level. A few decades ago, maximum application of pneumatics was
probably in the field of construction where main source of power for tools like power hammer drills
and etc was compressed air only. Now, compressed air is used in every walk of industrial life starting
with pneumatic cranes to the use of air in the brake systems and so on.
Compared to hydraulic system, pneumatic system has better operational advantages but it cannot
replace hydraulic system so far as power requirement and accuracy of operations are concerned. In
areas of hazards, probably air will be a better medium of power than electrical system, hydraulic
system and steam power system.

7. CONCLUSION
Our pneumatic press is useful to do metal forming operations and as it is a 2 tonne capacity press. We
can do simple operations like bending, blanking and piercing, which is very useful and helpful to do
small works at our college. We chose a simple c-frame press which occupies less space which any one
can operate, and manufactured it at 1/3rd of the original cost in the market. We have also done
analysis of c-frame of the press. We use simple sheet metal cutting scissors. This manual method so
that the sheet metal must be wasted that because error occurred, for example, the wrong size, etc., and
even a simple cut can take a long time. Hydraulic machines are also available for cutting sheet metal.
But this method is only used for heavy metal and its cost is very high. We are using a pneumatic
system for cutting sheet metal in an easy way. It is operated by pneumatic hand lever control valve in
one of two ways. The Control valve is controlled by compressor.

REFERENCES
[1].Shi, Y.X., Li, X.N. and Teng, Y. (2005) Research on Pneumatic Cylinders Exhausted-Air Reclaiming
Control Devices. Proceedings of the JFPS International Symposium on Fluid Power, Tsukuba, 7-10 November
2005, 558-563.
[2].Cai, M.L., Fujita, T. and Kagawa, T. (2001) Energy Consumption and Assessment of Pneumatic Actuating
Systems. Journal of The Japan Fluid Power System Society, 32, 118-123.
[3].Cai, M.L., Fujita, T. and Kagawa, T. (2002) Distribution of Air Available Energy in Pneumatic Cylinder
Actuation. Journal of the Japan Fluid Power System Society, 33, 91-98.
[4].Cai, M.L. and Kagawa, T. (2007) Energy Consumption Assessment and Energy Loss Analysis in Pneumatic
System. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 43, 69-74.
[5].Klenck T; How it Works: Air Compressor. Popular Mechanics. 2010.

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