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Bonding Process By Adhesives

General steps involved in bonding process are as follows:


1) Preparation of Adherends
1. In this initial stage the two surfaces which are to be bonded by the application of
adhesives are prepared carefully
2. In this stage it is also ensured that the prepared adherends are free from any sort
of impurities as it may influence the adhesive action
3. Surface of adherends is made impurity free and smooth by use of various tools.
Sometimes metal surfaces are freed from impurities by proper chemical
treatment
4. For e.g. Iron metal sheet is freed from any sort of impurities by passing it through
dilute H2SO4 solution
2) Preparation of Adhesives
1. In this step the adhesive is prepared depending on the type of bonding needed
and type of adherends
2. For the application of solid adhesives on adherends they are firstly converted into
paste form in this stage
3. Liquid adhesives are prepared by adjusting viscosity of liquid polymers
3) Application of Adhesives on Adherends
1. In this step, the application of adhesives on adherends is carried out
2. Solid adhesives are added between adherends by use of tools like rollers, brush
etc
3. Liquids adhesives are applied by direct pressing
4) Assembly of adhesive coated adherends
1. In this stage proper assembly of adherends is done after the application of
adhesives on them. In the case of any adhesive coated adherends assembly
should be proper position wise.
2. Totally different techniques are used for the assembly of adherends depending on
the type of adhesives
3. In the case of molten thermosetting material, the assembling should be
immediate as solidification takes place very quickly
4. While in the case of thermoplastic material which is dissolved in some solvent
when applied to surface, air drying for long period is required for evaporation of
solvent and after that assembling of unit is done
5. Air drying in the above case is needed to develop necessary stickiness to avoid
blisters or voids in formation of bond film
5) Application of appropriate temperature and pressure

1. In this stage the assembled unit is subjected to appropriate pressure and


temperature if it is required
2. Application of temperature depends upon the material of adhesive and that of
pressure depends on whether the adhesive is fast setting or low setting
6) Conditioning after bonding
1. This is the final step in which bond between the adherends and adhesives is
made further strong
2. In the case of thermoplastic composite material the joint material is heated first
under pressure and then cooled under pressure
3. While in the case of thermosetting material, they are heated under pressure but
cooled by removing pressure

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