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AMBIGUOUS
Disorders GENITALIA
of sexual differentiation
Dr.Yamini Kapileshwarkar MD.(Ped)
Dept.of Pediatrics,
MP SHAH Medical College,
Jamnagar (Gujarat- India)
A short overview of 2 cases
• A full term normal
delivered baby
presented with mild
respiratory distress,
reticular pattern and
prolonged CRT with signs
of shock.
LabReports
• CBC- WNL
• CRP- 4.5 (negative)
• S.Na+ : 128 mEq/dl
• S.K+ : 5.4 mEq/dL
• RFT: Bl.urea : 64mg/dl, S.creat: 1.1
• ABG: Metabolic Acidosis pH: 7.14
What Next ??
• 17 Hydroxy Progesterone.- markedly elevated
• Karyotype- 46 XX
• USG abdomen- presence of uterus.
• Baby was resucitated with fluids.
• Started upon initially with injectable hydrocort.
Then on to oral Hydro cortisone + Fludro cortisone.
• Diag: 46XX Female DSD with 21 hydroxylase deff.
21-hydrxylase deficiency-CAH
Cholesterol
Pregnenolone
Progesterone
17-OH progesterone
Defficiency leads to
Cortisol shock & hyponatremia
DIAGNOSIS
• Fail to conserve sodium normally
• progressive wt loss,Vomiting,refusal to
feed,dehydration,shock,pigmentation of
nipple,axilla,umbilicus & genitals(due to increased
ACTH)
Diagnosis (cont..)
• 17-OHP : high,>50 ng/ml 24 hrs after birth
• 11-DOC elevated in CYP11B1
• Plasma renin activity & aldosterone :d/d b/w
salt wasting & simple –virlizing forms
• S electrolytes every other day until salt
wasting status determined
MANAGEMENT
Receptors 2 X chromosomes
For H -Y antigen
TESTES OVARY
3. Differentiation of internal ducts & genitalia
Mullerian duct → Female internal organs
Wolffian duct → Male internal Organs
46,XX • Gonads: 2 ovaries
disorders of sexual evelopment • Mullerian duct structures normal
(Previous female
• Wolffian duct structure absent
pseudohermaphroditism)
• Virlization of external genitalia
• Most common form of genital
ambiguity :female with CAH due 21-
OH deficiency(>90%)
• before 12 wks:LS fusion +clitorial
enlargement
• Overall, CAH is the most frequent
cause of ambiguous genitalia in the
newborn, constituting approximately
60% of all intersex cases.
46,XX
disorders of sexual evelopment
EXCESS FETAL ANDROGENS EXCESS MATERNAL ANDROGENS
• Very rare
• 90% present with ambiguous genitalia
• 2/3 raised as M
• All have urogenital sinus & most cases have uterus
• Chromosomal pattern 46,XX 75%
mosaic (XX/XY) > 46,XY
• Has both ovarian & testicular
tissue
• 1-Lateral testis on one
side & ovary on the other
• 2-Unilateral ovotestis on
one side & normal gonads on
the other
• 3-Bilateral 2 ovotestis
Partial/Mixed gonadal dysgenesis
• 2nd most common cause of ambiguous genitalia
in the newborn
• 45,X/46,XY M phenotype/ deficient virilization
• Testis on one side & streak gonads on the other
• Testis is dysgenetic/non sperm producing
• Unilat unicornuate uterus on the streak gonad side
• Varying degrees of inadequate musculinization
• 46XY
• Bilateral dysgenetic testes
• Uterus is present
• Inadequate virilization & cryptorchidism
• Wide range of phenotypes
• Sex of rearing F
AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA AT BIRTH
• USG
• Rapid Karyotype
Diagnostic tests within hours
•Baseline serum electrolytes, RFT
•Hormones
•17 hydroxyprogesterone,
•plasma renin activity,
•testosterone, dihydrotestosterone , T :DHT ratio
•gonadotropins & AMH
•Vesicourethrogram/genitogram:
•reveal vagina with cervix at its apex or utricle (MD remnant)
GENDER ASSIGNMENT
• extremely distressing for the parents
• profound pressure on the medical team to announce
gender .....however
• Postpone making a gender assignment until
sufficient information is available & the results of
investigation has enabled the most appropriate
choice of the sex of rearing
• The choice must be the result of full discussion
between parents & medical team
Management & Treatment Options Goals
• Surgical reconstruction
• Gender assignment
• Medical treatment
• Surgical treatment