100
95
00
..
, DSS1
ISDN, LAPD, Q.931,
xDSL, QSIG, DPNSS, V5, TCP/IP, X25 .
ISDN,
80 ,
xDSL,
ISDN
: ,
.
V5
.
,
,
.
..
..
..
, .
, .
.. , .. ,
IP
S
..
, .
..
V5.1 V5.2
7:
7ISUP
R1.5
MTP
7:
..
25
, ..
, ..
..
.. , ..
..
75
196240,
, / 277
: (812) 389 29 72
mail: nio1@niits.ru
www.niits.ru
..
..
SC
CP
ISBN 5-8206-0115-7
9 785820 601156
100
95
75
25
..
2
3
-
2005
01 - Title.p65
21.07.2005, 15:54
621.395.34
63
32.881
. .
63
. 2. 3 .:
, 2005. 288 .: .
ISBN 5820601157
3
,
.
ISDN,
100 .
, : DSS1,
QSIG, DPNSS, X.25, TCP/IP.
V5,
.
, ,
.
.
3005
ISBN 5820601157
, 2005
Boris Goldstein.
01 - Title.p65
21.07.2005, 15:54
..................................................................................... 7
..................................................... 8
..................................................... 8
1 ......................11
1.1 ...................................................................... 11
1.2 .................................... 14
1.3 :
............................................. 21
1.4
: ................................................... 24
1.5 :
..................................................................... 31
1.6 :
....................................................................... 37
2 .........................41
2.1 ISDN .......................................................... 41
2.2 .................................................. 44
2.3 ISDN ................................................ 56
2.4 xDSL .......................................................... 57
3 DSS1:
....................................65
3.1 DSS1 ..................................................................... 65
3.2 DSS1 ..................................... 70
3.3 LAPD ........................................................................... 80
3.4 LAPD: ........................................................ 87
4 DSS1: ...................95
4.1 Q.931 ........................................................ 95
02 - Contents.p65
21.07.2005, 15:54
4.2 ................................................................ 96
4.3 ...................... 112
4.4 ................................... 118
4.5 ....... 119
4.6 .......................................................... 121
4.7 ................................................................ 125
6 V5 ................................. 147
6.1 ................. 147
6.2 V5: ............................... 151
6.3 .................................... 154
6.4 V5 ......................................... 158
6.5 LAPV5 ........................................................................ 161
6.6 3 ................................................ 164
6.7 ISDN ........................................ 167
7 ................................................ 171
7.1 ..................................................................... 171
7.2 ....... 173
7.3 .................................................. 182
7.4 ................................ 191
7.5 .............................................. 201
7.6 ................................................... 207
7.7 ...................... 211
02 - Contents.p65
21.07.2005, 15:54
10 ..................................... 247
10.1 TCP/IP OSI ............................................ 247
10.2 TCP ................................... 250
10.3 UDP ICMP ......................................................... 253
10.4 IP ....................................................... 255
10.5 ................................................... 261
10.6 TCP/IP ....................................................... 262
10.7 TCP/IP ................................................ 263
11 ,
.................... 265
11.1 ................................ 265
11.2 ............................ 269
11.3 .................................. 274
....................................................................... 282
02 - Contents.p65
21.07.2005, 15:54
02 - Contents.p65
21.07.2005, 15:54
.
,
,
, ,
,
,
. , ,
, , ,
, , .
,
,
.
,
.
( 1997,1998, 2001 2005 )
, , , 1.
, 11.
1
, ,
,
.
, xDSL.
(3, 4) DSS1
ISDN. 5
(, ,
) (QSIG, DPNSS .).
V5. 68. 9
X.25 HDLC. 10
TCP/IP
.
03 - Preface.p65
21.07.2005, 15:54
11 ,
,
.
..
.. ,
,
, ,
.
,
.
,
, ,
nio1@niits.ru.
V5.1 V5.2 6, 7 8,
, 9,
.25
,
11,
ANT5
SNT7531 ( 7, V5, .323, DSS1 .),
, .
30
,
, .
, 30 ,
,
.
, 9
.
03 - Preface.p65
21.07.2005, 15:54
,
.
( ).
, 9
, /
, .
,
. ,
Evolution of Telecommunication Protocols,
,
3:
(2000 .),
INAP
7, 1 ;
IP (2001 2003 .),
VoIP H.323, SIP, SIPT,
MGCP, MEGACO/H.248;
Call (2002 .),
IP, prepaid, SN,
ECTF,
API, , TAPI, Parlay, OSA, CSTA, SCAI,
JAIN .;
MPLS (2005 .),
LDP, CRLDP, RSVP, RSVPTE, OSPF, ISIS, BGP4,
, GMPLS .
(
, Call, , VoIP ..)
.
6
,
,
.
6:
7. . (2003);
V5.1 V5.2. (2003);
7. ISUP. (2003);
03 - Preface.p65
21.07.2005, 15:54
10
R1.5. (2004);
SIP/SIPT. (2005);
7. SCCP. (2005).
SNT (SNTlite, SNT7531, SNT4268, SNTsmart),
SM (ISM, CSM, USM, XSM .).
.
; , ,
, .
, , :
(2003 2004 .),
200900
, ,
;
Softswitch,
,
. . ..
.
.
,
03 - Preface.p65
10
21.07.2005, 15:54
Lamor che muove il sole e laltre stelle, .
(, )
, , III
1.1
,
14 1876 .,
,
.
,
420
,
1456 . .
,
: . ,
, ,
,
.
2 1875 ., ,
, ,
, ,
.
04 - Chap 1.p65
11
21.07.2005, 15:54
12
, , ,
,
.
,
,
. 9
. ,
, : ,
, 12 .
,
.
[17],
, ,
. ,
1847 . ()
, 1870 .
, (),
, . ,
.
,
. 1872 .
, 1873 .
,
. ,
,
.
, ,
, ,
, ,
.
, .
7
.
, 1872 . Western Elec
tric Manufacturing Company
.
,
. ,
Western Electric 100
. , Western Electric
04 - Chap 1.p65
12
21.07.2005, 15:54
13
25 , 1879 .
American Speaking Telephone Company,
.
,
American Speaking Telephone Co.
:
, , .
,
New England Telephone Company,
Bell Telephone Co. ,
,
.
1497 ,
10 . 1879 .
, .
. Bell Telephone Company
. 1922 .
,
.
Bell Telephony
; 1934 .
, 1878 ., Bell Telephone Co.
Western Electric .
1879 . ,
Bell Telephone Co.,
Bell System. 1881 . Bell Telephone Com
pany Western Electric,
100 , Bell System .
. 1910 . Bell Telephone .
Western Electric Western
Union, , Western
Union , ,
56 000 ,
,
.
Bell System,
. ,
Bell System Western Union ,
,
Bell,
. 1974 .
AT&T Bell System,
.
Bell System 1984 . AT&T, Bell Labs Western Electric 7
04 - Chap 1.p65
13
21.07.2005, 15:54
14
: Paci
fic Telesis, NYNEX, Ameritech, Southwestern Bell, US West, Bell Atlantic
Bellsouth Telecommunications. 1995 . AT&T
: ,
.
AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph Co.)
1900 ., 1907 AT&T
Western Union ,
1925 . Bell Telephone
Laboratories. ,
, ,
, , , ,
UNIX ,
.
, , 1878 .
, ,
,
.
,
,
..
.
1878 . :
, .
, ,
1879 .
. . 1881 . .
, 1882 . .
,
().
1.2
,
,
, . 1.1.
(SLIC)
(Bat
tery), (Overload protection),
04 - Chap 1.p65
14
21.07.2005, 15:54
15
(Ringing), (Supervision),
(Coding), (Hybrid) (Test).
,
,
BORSCHT, (. 1.1).
1.1 BORSCHT
K
K
Battery
Overload protection
Ringing
Supervision
Coding
Hybrid
Test
(B)
(O)
(R)
(S)
(C)
(H)
(T)
()
, ,
, .
60 .
48 , , ,
.
. ,
48 .
,
45 75
.
,
.
2025 ,
.
, 48 (60 ),
1014 .
(O)
, ,
( )
.
(
), ,
04 - Chap 1.p65
15
21.07.2005, 15:54
2
04 - Chap 1.p65
16
60 ( 48)
. 1.1
SLIC
16
1
21.07.2005, 15:54
17
. (
).
: ,
.
70100
.
(R)
.
.
. (
)
, .
(252) (955) ,
3 .
(. 1.2,).
0.3 4.45 ,
100 .
. 1.2,,
(. 1.2,).
, ,
20
(. 1.3).
.
, ,
,
,
0.4 , 0.2 , 0.4 2 (.1.4).
()
, .
2. ..
04 - Chap 1.p65
17
21.07.2005, 15:54
18
4
)
. 1.2 ,
. 1.3 ,
. 1.4 ,
04 - Chap 1.p65
18
21.07.2005, 15:54
19
()
()
(A/D)
(D/A). 3 1
.
(H)
,
.
(DSP Digital Signal Processing).
()
.
.
, .
. ,
:
,
,
, ;
,
( ,
),
()
R;
,
;
;
,
,
;
;
, ,
. Z;
,
04 - Chap 1.p65
19
21.07.2005, 15:54
20
,
, ,
;
,
,
.
( ),
16 .
,
10 ( ):
1. ,
,
.
2.
, .
3. , ,
,
,
(, ..)
.
4.
,
;
.
5.
,
;
, .
6.
,
;
; .
7. ,
,
.
8.
,
04 - Chap 1.p65
20
21.07.2005, 15:54
21
, .
9. .
10. .
1.3 :
,
,
:
( )
() ,
()
,
, ,
, ,
.
, .
, , ,
.
.
, .
.
. , 1
, 2 ..
10
.
,
60% (.. ) 40
(.. ), 66,7 33,3,
50 50%.
,
, ,
.
.
( , )
.
04 - Chap 1.p65
21
21.07.2005, 15:54
22
1.2.
1.2
,
, , .
, ,
.
,
.
. ,
,
. (
)
.
()
.
400600 ,
.
.
,
,
1.3.
1.3
(dial tone)
4253
(busy tone)
4253
K K
(ringback tone)
4253
0.30.4
0.30.4
10.1
40.4
.
, , (
),
04 - Chap 1.p65
22
21.07.2005, 15:54
23
350 440 .
,
1400, 2060, 2450, 2600
0.1 ,
.
, ,
1.4.
1.4
(dial tone)
350 440
480 620
0.5, 0.5
480 620
0.25, 0.25
K K
(ring return tone)
440 480
2, 4
(recording warning)
1400
0.5, 15
(call waiting)
440
0.3, 9.7
0.1, 0.1
(offhook alert)
. . 1.4,
0.5 .,
0.25 .
,
.
. 1.4,
0.5
. (, , , ..)
.
.
,
.
, A A
2.5 0.5 .
,
,
SIT (special information tone)
04 - Chap 1.p65
23
21.07.2005, 15:54
24
2000
47, 54
1000
54
1500
K K, K,
1000
()
3000
1800
4.35
17.4
1.3
4.35
1.3
28.7
. 1.5
1.4
:
,
( ) ( )
.
.
04 - Chap 1.p65
24
21.07.2005, 15:54
25
1.6. 1.6
.
715385, , 1005 ,
1.31.9,
53.7 68.8 , 32.8 45.6 .
1.6
() ( )
< 50
50200
> 200
() ( )
< 10
10 50
> 50
< 10
:
1020
20 100
100150
1696
> 150
< 10
:
1020
20 120
120150
24112
> 150
< 150
:
150250
25020000
650
> 20000
150
.
(8040)
( R 1
).
04 - Chap 1.p65
25
21.07.2005, 15:54
26
7 13 / (
)
1.31.9.
2040 .
,
,
. 1.6 1.7.
. . .
. . .
""
. . .
. 1.6
(
, )
:
.
(
01, 02, 03) .1.7.
:
;
(302)
.
:
04 - Chap 1.p65
26
21.07.2005, 15:54
27
(140020) , (1.00.1) ,
(1.00.1) , 23,
4 0 ;
(30050)
(
).
,
DTMF (DualTone MultipleFrequncy).
. . .
. . .
. . .
2.5
0.5
0.3
3.0
. . .
. 1.7 .
. .
04 - Chap 1.p65
27
21.07.2005, 15:54
28
TouchTone.
1960 .,
80 .
. ., .
. . .
"8"
"8"
. . .
. . .
. . .
0.3
1)
0.3
2)
:
1)
3 ; 1 ; 36; 30; 26; 22; 20; 18; 16; 15.
2)
, ,
(26)
.
. 1.8
( )
Q.23 ITUT
.
697, 770, 852, 941 ,
1209, 1336, 1477, 1633 .
04 - Chap 1.p65
28
21.07.2005, 15:54
29
DTMF . ,
1 . ,
1200 1600 400 (3400=1200
4400=1600), 697 770 .
: ,
.
. 1.9.
1209
697
770
852
941
1336
1477
1633
ABC
DEF
GHI
JKL
MNO
PRS
TUV
WXY
OPER
. 1.9 DTMF
,
600 ,
6 2 , 3 2 .
21
.
, ,
20 .
,
, : ,
, ;
1.8%;
7
30 ; 3 ;
40 .
20 ,
, ,
40 .
. 1.101.12.
04 - Chap 1.p65
29
21.07.2005, 15:54
30
1
2
""
. 1.10 .
3.0
0.3
. . .
. 1.11
( , )
04 - Chap 1.p65
30
21.07.2005, 15:54
31
. . .
"8"
. . .
0.3
0.3
. . .
. 1.12
( , )
1.5
:
,
,
.
,
,
, ,
,
.
,
, .
04 - Chap 1.p65
31
21.07.2005, 15:54
32
.
, , ,
(, , )
( , ).
.
()
,
,
(
)
, 9.
() :
) ( 6000 ),
;
) ( 100 6000 ),
();
) ( 128 ),
.
35 .
,
,
.
,
,
..
. 1.13,
. 1.14.
04 - Chap 1.p65
32
21.07.2005, 15:54
33
I
123
09
II
123
321
III
,
,
. 1.13 54
A
B
AK
1
60
100
20
20
. 1.14
,
,
0.15
0.155
.
.
,
.
,
128
. ,
/ ,
,
(. 1.15).
( 0.33
3. ..
04 - Chap 1.p65
33
21.07.2005, 15:54
34
) 9 100
. 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66,
77, 88 00 ( 99
).
A
I
B
AK
>
y<0.33
a)
y>0.33
)
. 1.15
,
,
, ,
,
.
, ,
,
: . .
, ?.
SDL
.
. 1.16.
:
T1=50 (
); T2=650 (
); T3=500
. , 1=50
: 1.1=40
1.2=60 , SDL . 1.18
.
04 - Chap 1.p65
34
21.07.2005, 15:54
35
. 1.16 :
SDL (. 1.171.18)
2 , SDL.
,
,
SUBLOC
,
SDL.
SUBLOC , ..
,
(9, 0 ).
*/
. SDL . .
7 /*
: , , , , ,
, .
, ,
SUBLOC
,
,
. 1.17
SUBLOC
04 - Chap 1.p65
35
21.07.2005, 15:54
36
S1.0
*/
S1.3
1=50
()
T1
S1.1
S1.0
.=0
T 1=50
2=650
1=50 c
S1.4
T 3=500
S1.2
S1.5
S1.2
3=500
T 2=650
S1.1
1=50
()
T 2
S1.0
1=50
()
C 1
S1.3
*/
" "
, 2
/*
04 - Chap 1.p65
36
21.07.2005, 15:54
37
()
. :
.
,
, .
.
.
, ,
, ,
,
.
.
,
.
.
, ..
.
3=500
, .. .
,
.
1.6 :
. 1.19
.
().
.
. 1.20 1.21
SDL
. SDL
2
.
04 - Chap 1.p65
37
21.07.2005, 15:54
38
. 1.19 :
*/
. SDL . .
7 /*
: , , , ,
, ,
,
,
,
,
SUBLIC
,
,
. 1.20 SUBLIC
SUBLIC
4 :
S2.0 .
S2.1 .
.
S2.2 .
04 - Chap 1.p65
38
21.07.2005, 15:54
39
S2.0
S2.2
1=10
S2.1
S2.3
S2.3
S2.2
S2.0
1=10
1=10
1=10
S2.1
S2.0
:
(25+/2 )
(1+0.1) (1.2+0.12)
(4+/0.3) (2+/0.2)
.
S2.3 . ,
,
( ) / ..
S2.0 (. . 1.21)
.
,
.
S2.1,
.
S2.1 ,
S2.3.
25 ,
,
. 1.2.
04 - Chap 1.p65
39
21.07.2005, 15:54
40
1. 1=10
,
.1.2. 25
S2.2. ,
S2.3.
,
1=10 S2.1.
S2.2 10 .
,
,
. ,
( ),
.
SUBLIC
.
(
).
.
,
.
1 .
,
.
23,
11 . , ,
; ,
,
, .
DSS1,
3 4 , , ,
.
04 - Chap 1.p65
40
21.07.2005, 15:54
: , , .
, , , .
..
2.1 ISDN
,
, ,
, .
,
, , 28.8 /.
,
, .
:
, ,
,
..
:
,
,
.
ISDN
B, 64 /,
D 16 /.
05 - Chap 2.p65
41
21.07.2005, 15:54
42
I.700
Q
M
G
I.600
I.200
F
E
I.100
ITUT
ISDN
I.300
I.500
I.400
""
. 2.1 ITUT I
ISDN,
, (
),
,
() . ISDN
,
ISDN: It Still Does Nothing ( ), I Still
Dont kNow ( , ) I Still Dont Need it
( ).
ISDN ,
. ITUT
ISDN (. 2.2):
05 - Chap 2.p65
42
21.07.2005, 15:54
43
TE1 ISDN,
TE2 ISDN ,
TA
ISDN ,
NT1 1,
NT2 2,3.
T
R
TA
2
ISDN
192 /
TE2
R
T
TE1
S
U
ET
LT
T
NT1
NT2
()
TE1
T
V
U
R
S
ISDN
TA
TE2
. 2.2 ISDN
1 ISDN
,
3
, B, B, D ( 2B+D).
64 /, D
16 /. (BRI
basic rate interface). ISDN
2B+D 8 1.
2 ISDN
, (terminal
adapter). , , RS
422, EIA232 V.35, ISDN.
V EIA
,
, ISDN .
25 RS232, 34
V.35, 15
.20, .21, .22, RS449,
RS410 ..
, 2 .
IBM
.
05 - Chap 2.p65
43
21.07.2005, 15:54
44
: NT1 NT2.
NT1
,
. NT1
,
,
, ()
.
NT2
2 3, ,
,
1. NT2
, .
NT1 NT2 ,
NT.
LT ,
,
.
(. 2.2) .
R, S, T, U.
2.2
. 2.2
ISDN 4 ,
R, S, T, U.
R ISDN
2 .
,
, , ITUT V .
S,
, ISDN
.
:
1 ( I.430),
2 ( Q.921),
3 ( Q.931).
S ,
05 - Chap 2.p65
44
21.07.2005, 15:54
45
. 1
: ,
, .
, , ,
.
,
, , ,
. ,
.
, ,
, .
1, ,
ISO 8877.
, (. 2.3),
RJ45.
; ,
, .
(ISO 8877)
2.1. S
TE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
05 - Chap 2.p65
NT
+
+
45
21.07.2005, 15:54
46
S
I.430 ,
( , )
. 2.1,
8 /
. S,
,
NT TE 192 /. 192 /
B 64 /, D 16 /
48 /
1. S T . 2.4.
NT TE,
. 48
TE NT 250 . , NT,
, NT. 250 c
4000 (1 /0.00025 = 4000)
192 / (400048 = 192000).
12 ,
144 / (4000[4812] = 144000).
(F)
(L).
. , L T
, NT
B D.
(Fa) N (
NT) .
A ( NT)
TE. ,
TE.
T
NT1.
T S
. , S T ,
. S
NT2, T NT2 NT1. NT2
, . NT2 ,
1 2.
, 3 ,
S , ,
() ,
T .
05 - Chap 2.p65
46
21.07.2005, 15:54
47
D L
F L
B1
B1
L D L FA L
E D A FA N
B2
B2
B1
. 2.4. I.430
L D L
E D M
F = ;
L = ;
D = D;
= D;
FA = ( Q);
N = , FA;
1 = ;
2 = ;
= , ;
= ;
S = S
2 ()
D L F L
0+
NT 1
0
0+
NT 1
0
B2
L D L
E D S
TE
B2
B2
TE
L D L
E D L F L
4
S
05 - Chap 2.p65
48 250
NT
F L
47
21.07.2005, 15:54
48
U
NT1 . , U
ITUT,
U
, .
, ITU
U, , ,
,
, .
U,
. , U ITUT
. G.961
ISDN
,
:
MMS 43,
, 4
120 ;
2B1Q, ,
80 ;
AMI,
160 ;
AMI, (
) 320 ;
,
160 ;
SU32, 3B2T
108 .
, 2B1Q,
, MMS43,
.
,
, ,
ISDN, U
2B1Q.
,
05 - Chap 2.p65
48
21.07.2005, 15:54
49
U.
.
;
.
,
,
.
( ) (TCM)
,
(. 2.5).
.
2
125
. 2.5 () U
,
,
( 2 ).
, , , ..
.
. ,
,
,
. ,
, ,
( 5 ),
. ,
,
4. ..
05 - Chap 2.p65
49
21.07.2005, 15:54
50
; ..
( ) .
, (
),
, .. ,
. ,
,
,
. ,
.
,
,
,
(ANSI). ,
, .
,
. ,
,
.
, .
.
,
, ,
.
, , ,
.
(. 2.6).
2
. 2.6 U
05 - Chap 2.p65
50
21.07.2005, 15:54
51
,
,
.
ANSI.
, :
, ,
(68 ).
,
(. 2.7). ,
,
. ,
,
, ,
.
+1
+1
R1
R2
Zo
1/2
T1
Zo
1/2
T2
T1 (, 1)
T2 (, 2)
L ( )
R1 ( , 1)
R2 ( , 2)
. 2.7
,
.
, ,
.
,
, (. 2.7).
,
05 - Chap 2.p65
51
21.07.2005, 15:54
52
.
,
,
, .
,
,
.
ANSI
2B1Q
, , .
2B1Q (2B)
(1Q).
() .
3B2T 3 (3B)
(2T),
,
, , , 00.
4B3T 4 (4B)
(3T), 27 .
4B3T 3B2T,
(+1 1),
3B2T. , 4B3T
, .
3B2T 4B3T
,
.
. 2.8.
( AMI),
+1 1. ,
,
.
, ,
,
.
. , 1
, 0
.
,
,
. 1
05 - Chap 2.p65
52
21.07.2005, 15:54
53
, 0
.
( ) .
AMI
3B2T
4B3T
2B1Q
. 2.8
, ,
,
. ,
,
,
. ,
, ..
( ,
,
..
,
, ).
05 - Chap 2.p65
53
21.07.2005, 15:54
54
,
. ,
,
,
, .
, , ..
, ,
. , ANSI
2B1Q .
, ,
,
. ANSI
, .
,
ANSI ,
,
, . , ,
,
, .
, [78],
,
.
.
,
, .
:
(NEXT) .
.
,
,
. ,
,
,
(FEXT). ,
,
NEXT.
NEXT ,
FEXT, FEXT ,
, NEXT
.
NEXT ,
05 - Chap 2.p65
54
21.07.2005, 15:54
55
; ,
. , ..
,
, ,
. , NEXT,
,
. ,
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
, , ,
.
, ,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
, ,
, ISDN,
. U
. ,
.
.
ISDN, U
S. 4
05 - Chap 2.p65
55
21.07.2005, 15:54
56
.
, S T
TE1 TA, 1 .
100200
8 . ,
2550 ,
( 1 ).
( NT
),
.
3
U ,
8 U .
V. V
.
(LT)
(ET).
, ,
.
V 68.
2.3 ISDN
ISDN: .
64 /c,
, 16 /c, D;
144 /c.
,
, ;
D
. 2B+D
,
,
. (
) 2 /c,
30 c 64 /c
D 64 /c.
384 /c,
05 - Chap 2.p65
56
21.07.2005, 15:54
57
D
B1
B2
D
B1
.
.
.
B30
PRA
(30B + D)
ISDN
. 2.9 ISDN
,
ISDN ( ,
).
,
. ,
,
, D
.
,
PRI
DSS1, 3, 4.
2.4 xDSL
,
ISDN
64 /,
, .
, ,
.25, Frame Relay, 64 /
128 / . , ,
ISDN
,
,
, ,
, (
) ..
05 - Chap 2.p65
57
21.07.2005, 15:54
58
, , . ,
, ,
. , ,
.
.
(VCR).
,
.
,
, ,
.
. , ,
, HDTV,
.
,
ISDN
2+D, . :
, , ,
, .
ISDN ISDN
(Broadband ISDN BISDN)
155 / 622 /
, .
BISDN .
,
,
.
ISDN ,
,
,
. DSL, ,
,
, ISDN 64 /.
DSL.
DSL (Highdatarate Digital Subscriber Line)
,
,
.
2.048 /.
05 - Chap 2.p65
58
21.07.2005, 15:54
59
30,
HDSL
.
ISDN,
, HDSL
.
HDSL
2B1Q (
), .2.2.
, 2B1Q
.
2B1Q, .
, ,
, ,
.
. HDSL, ,
. 2.10.
HDSL,
HDSL. ,
HDSL 2B1Q , 30.
E1
HDSL
1168/c
1168 /c
E1
HDSL
. 2.10 HDSL
05 - Chap 2.p65
59
21.07.2005, 15:54
60
.
ADSL ,
,
.
,
,
, .
, ,
ADSL
.
, , ,
,
,
,
, . ADSL
1.5 9 /
16 640 / .
5.5 .
ADSL :
DMT (Discrete MultiTone),
ANSI
ADSL. ANSI 1.413;
CAP (Carrierless
Amplitude/Phase), DMT.
ADSL
, DMT;
QAM (Quadrature Amplitude
Modulation), .
RADSL (RateAdaptive DSL) DSL .
(, .),
.
VDSL (Veryhighdatarate Digital Subscriber Line),
, ,
, , . VDSL
.
(FTTC) VDSL
500 ,
25 51 /.
(FTTCab)
, 25 /.
05 - Chap 2.p65
60
21.07.2005, 15:54
61
144 /
100
200
300
()
400
500
2.768 /c
100
200
300
400
500
()
POTS, 4,
9.6 /
100
200
300
1.536 /c
( )
400
500
()
. 2.11
xDSL. ADSL 2+ (2003 .)
SHDSL (2002 .)
. ,
11 .
ADSL 2+
ADSL. ADSL 2+
? .
ADSL2+ ,
(framing overhead),
. ADSL2+
25 M/ 1500 .
05 - Chap 2.p65
61
21.07.2005, 15:54
62
.
.
,
.
( ) 256 /,
,
.
ADSL2
TDM DSL,
ATM, .
, , Ethernet, ADSL2
ATM. ADSL2+
ADSL,
,
. ,
, ,
40 /
4 .
SHDSL
2002 ITU
G.991.2,
SHDSL.
xDSL , ITUT. 16
TCPAM
2.3 /.
SHDSL
,
46 /, .
, TCPAM
11
SHDSL Telindus,
CompTek
(
SHDSL 256 /
41 ).
SHDSL
, ADSL
. SHDSL
,
05 - Chap 2.p65
62
21.07.2005, 15:54
63
. , ITU G.991.2
,
. SHDSL
. , SHDSL,
Ethernet 10/100 BaseT
, G.703 1.
. , SHDSL
.
SHDSL,
, 1.2 .
ADSL
20 ,
[IP].
SHDSL ADSL2+ ,
: ADSL
.
SHDSL
,
, ,
ADSL2+ SHDSL
.
SDSL SHDSL,
, SHDSL
,
.
SHDSL,
,
, ,
SDSL. , SHDSL
, ITU ETSI
G.SHDSL.bis,
2.3 / 3.8 /
( TCPAM16), 5,7
/ (TCPAM32).
IAD
,
IAD,
, ..
. , IAD ,
05 - Chap 2.p65
63
21.07.2005, 15:54
64
,
, . IAD
,
, ,
IAD, xDSL. , IAD
Ethernet 8 (
,
). IAD DSLAM
xDSL (, SHDSL,
),
. ,
,
IADA. A
. IADD
, .
, D.
, ,
Ethernet , IADE. E
Ethernet. IAD
. Ethernet
, IP,
DSLAM, ATM, IP
(IPDSAM). xDSL
,
ISDN .
xDSL, ,
. ,
ISDN,
,
. DSL, ,
,
.
, ISDN,
,
.
: ,
... .
30
(2048 /) 1960 .
(ISDN) 1980 .
DSL
19902000 . :
, , .
05 - Chap 2.p65
64
21.07.2005, 15:54
3
DSS1:
, ,
, .
3.1 DSS1
, ,
ISDN ,
,
, .
,
DSS1,
3.4 .
.
ITUT
1 (DSS1 Digital Subscriber Signaling 1)
ISDN
D
. (ITUT) D
:
5. ..
06 - Chap 3.p65
65
21.07.2005, 15:54
66
a) 16 /,
;
) 64 /,
( 30) .
DSS1
7 ,
ITUT,
.
, ..
10 ,
.
,
DSS1 7
. . 3.1 ISDN, 7,
ISDN D
. D
7. D,
, (SU) 7.
, 5 (QSIG) 68 (V5),
.
Q.931
Q.931
(a)
(a)
ISUP
()
MTP3
LAPD
LAPD
Q.921
Q.921
SU
2B+D
I.430
D
MTP2
2B+D
I.430
7
DSS1
( OSI)
.
, ,
, , 7 1,
:
06 - Chap 3.p65
66
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
67
,
;
,
.
;
,
.
, ,
, .
DSS1
, .
1 ( ) DSS1
D, ,
,
,
2 3 D. 1 :
S
B D;
;
.
DSS1
.
: B (64 / )
D (16 /)
B D 64 /.
2 , LAPD (link ac
cess protocol for Dchannels), D
NT. 2
,
2
D. ,
2
,
.
06 - Chap 3.p65
67
21.07.2005, 15:54
68
2 .
(SAPI) (TEI).
SAPI ,
3, 0 63. SAPI=0,
, ,
. SAPI
.
TEI ,
. TEI
0 126,
127 .
8 ,
. TEI=127
(
).
: .
3
, 2
.
2 . ()
.
, . ,
,
.
.
3 ( )
:
, I.451
Q.931 ( ). SAPI=0,
,
;
,
.25 9 .
SAPI=16;
, .
SAPI
.
06 - Chap 3.p65
68
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
69
Q.931 ( 3)
, ,
. 3
,
2
.
D ( )
D. .
. ,
, , , S.
U
. ,
,
. G.960
ISDN
(BRA), T
V LE.
G.961
U. ITUT
, G.961
,
U, MMS43 (4B3T), 2B1Q, AMI, TCM (
) SU32 (3B2T).
G.961
,
ETSI ANSI. NT1
,
.
U , ,
ISDN
ISDN
. ANSI
U T1.601,
2B1Q.
NT1
, . ISDN
U 2B1Q,
43. ETR 080
, ETSI
,
06 - Chap 3.p65
69
21.07.2005, 15:54
70
,
. ,
U
, ,
, ,
ETSI.
ETS300 297 ETSI
, ITUT G.960.
ETSI
ANSI U ,
.
I.431. , S T
NT2.
,
, ,
.
,
/ .
,
2,
.
3.2 DSS1
1 ( )
I.430.
2.2 (. 2.4), 1
192 /
64 / D
16 /.
48 / ,
,
NT. 48 ,
250 . , ,
, S
.
,
,
, INFO.
INFO.
, INFO 0,
, S
06 - Chap 3.p65
70
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
71
, ,
.
, S
INFO 1 NT. INFO
1 NT INFO 2.
INFO 2 ,
(. 2.4), B D,
0. INFO 2
,
INFO 2.
, ,
0, , ,
1. INFO 2
, D
F ,
, L (. .2.4).
, NT
INFO 3.
NT INFO 4, D
.
INFO 3 NT
INFO 4 NT .
, , ..
NT ,
, : NT
, INFO 0,
INFO 2. INFO 1 .
[72], . 3.2,
NT, SDL
. 3.6 3.7. . 3.2 :
3 1 NT. 1 3
, , ,
.
1 3 ,
30 .
. 3.3
, .
2 NT ,
,
S
. 2
INFO 0 .
06 - Chap 3.p65
71
21.07.2005, 15:54
72
S1.3
S1.4 NT
NT
NT
INFO 0
S2.1
INFO 1
S2.2
INFO 2
INFO 0
S1.5
INFO 3
S1.6 TE
S1.7 TE
S2.3
INFO 4
(a)
S1.3
NT
INFO 0
S2.1
S2.2
INFO 2
S1.6 TE
INFO 3
S1.7 TE
INFO 4
S1.3
1
()
. 3.2 S:
() ; () NT
S1.7 TE
S1.6 TE
INFO 4
NT
S2.3
INFO 3
INFO 0
S2.4
2
S1.3 TE
INFO 0
2
S2.1
. 3.3 S
,
, ..
FA, 1, ,
FA 0.
. 3.2 3.3 ,
. ,
.
,
,
SDL, 2 .
,
,
( OSI). , SDL
06 - Chap 3.p65
72
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
73
,
,
.
SDL , ,
.
(SAP), .
,
, . 3.4.
1
n+1
n+1
n+1
SAP
n
SAP
. 3.4 :
: RE
QUEST (), INDICATION (), RESPONSE ()
CONFIRM ().
REQUEST ,
n+1
n n+1
. n
n+1 IN
DICATION. RESPONSE n+1
INDICATION ,
, . ,
CONFIRM n+1 ,
.
,
: [] [ ] [
].
06 - Chap 3.p65
73
21.07.2005, 15:54
74
,
,
. , ,
, PH,
MPH. ,
( ) .
.
,
DSS1, . 3.5.
TE
NT2
PHAI PHDI
PHAI
PHAR
PHDI PHAR
MPHDR
MPHAI
MPHAI
MPHDI
1
1
MPHEI
MPHEI
MPHII
MPHII
INFO 0
INFO 0
INFO 2
INFO 4
PHAR
PHAI
PHDI
MPHAI
MPHDI
MPHEI
MPHII
MPHDR
MPHDI
INFO 1
S
INFO 3
2 ;
2 ;
2 ;
. ;
. ;
. ;
. ;
.
. 3.5 1 DSS1
. 3.5 2 PHAR
PH (PHACTIVATION REQUEST) TE.
2 ,
. 3.2a. S
INDICATION:
2
06 - Chap 3.p65
74
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
75
. , PHAI
PH (PHACTIVATION INDICATION) 2
S
2 ,
S .
MPHAI
MPH (MPHACTIVATION INDICATION)
, 1
. PHDI PH (PHDEACTIVA
TION INDICATION) , 2
,
S NT.
MPHII MPH (MPHINFORMATION INDICA
TION) ,
( ), MPHEI
MPH (MPHERROR INDICATION)
,
.
S MPHDR
MPH (MPHDEACTIVATION REQUEST).
. 3.6 SDL 1
DSS1 TE. 8 S.
S1.1 .
S, , NT.
, TE ,
S1.1 .
TE, , ,
1 S1.1,
.
TE S1.2,
. , TE
S1.1.
NT TE INFO 2 INFO 4,
S1.6 S1.7, .
NT , INFO 0,
S1.3.
S1.3 , TE ,
INFO 0.
PHAR ,
INFO 2.
06 - Chap 3.p65
75
21.07.2005, 15:54
76
S1.1
NT
INFO 0
S1.2
INFO 4
INFO 2
INFO 0
INFO 3
INFO 3
INFO 0
MPHII
MPHDI
PHI
S1.1
MPHII
MPHII
S1.7
S1.6
S1.3
T3,
INFO1 S1.4
NT. 3 30 ,
, 1 ,
. INFO 2
INFO 4 NT INFO 1
INFO 3. INFO 2, 1
S1.6, INFO 4,
S1.7.
S1.6 TE
INFO 3 NT,
INFO 2 .
INFO 4 NT
S1.7 PHAI ,
MPHAI MPHE1
.
06 - Chap 3.p65
76
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
INFO 0
MPHII
77
S1.3
NT
PHAR
INFO 2
INFO 4
INFO 3
INFO 3
PHAI
MPHAI
INFO 1
S1.1
S1.4
NT
T3
INFO 0
INFO 0
MPHII
MPHDI
PHDI
S1.6
S1.7
INFO 2
INFO 4
INFO 3
INFO 3
MPHDI
PHDI
3
3
MPHI
PHAI
S1.1
S1.3
T3
INFO 2
S1.6
S1.7
INFO 4
MPHII
MPHE1
PHI
INFO 0
MPHDI
PHDI
S1.3
S1.7
06 - Chap 3.p65
77
21.07.2005, 15:54
78
S1.7
NT
INFO 0
INFO 2
MPHII
MPHDI
PHDI
INFO 0
INFO 3
MPHDI
PHDI
MPHEI
S1.1
S1.3
S1.6
S1.7 TE
INFO 3 NT, NT, ,
INFO 4. 3 , S1.7
. D
S. NT,
INFO 4, TE
INFO 0,
PHDI MPHDI. INFO 2 S1.7
MPHE11
S1.6
. , S1.7
,
SDL.
NT ,
,
.
SDL (. 3.7).
S2.1 ,
INFO 0.
PHAR .
INFO 1,
. 3.2. NT 1,
INFO 2 S2.2.
06 - Chap 3.p65
78
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
79
INFO 3, 1 NT,
1 S2.3.
S2.1
2 NT
INFO 0
PHAR
INFO 2
S2.2
INFO 3
MPHDR
T1
INFO 4
INFO 0
1
2
MPHI
PHAI
PHDI
S2.3
S2.4
INFO 0
MPHDR
T2
INFO 0
INFO 0
INFO 0
INFO 0
INFO 2
PHDI
MPHEI
S2.2
S2.4
S2.1
S2.2
. 3.7 SDL 1
DSS1 NT
06 - Chap 3.p65
PHAR
79
21.07.2005, 15:54
80
S2.3 , NT
INFO 4 , INFO 3 NT.
MPHDR
2, INFO 0,
PHDI S2.4.
SDL .3.6,
TE , ,
. NT
INFO
0 TE. S2.2
.
S2.4 ,
1 NT
INFO 0.
INFO 0,
NT S2.1. NT
PHAR,
S2.2.
3.3 LAD
2 (LAD Link Access Procedure on the
Dchannel) ,
ITUT I.440 ( ) I.441 (
). Q Q.920
Q.921. LAPD
,
7.
3
, 2.
2
.
2
HDLC (Highlevel DataLink Control procedures),
ISO
: LAPB, LAPV5 . LAPD,
HDLC, ,
D, ,
.
,
, ,
,
/ C/R. LAPD . 3.8.
06 - Chap 3.p65
80
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
2 (LAPD)
1
FCS
81
2 (LAPD)
3
10260
12
=1
SAPI
/R
=0
. 3.8
.
(0111 1110) , 7.
,
.
, (bitstuffing),
, .
,
, .
( 2 3) . 3.8
SAPI (Service Access Point Identifier)
TEI (Terminal Equipment Identifier)
.
, ,
, .
SAPI 6
,
. , SAPI ,
. Q.921 SAPI,
. 3.1.
3.1 SAPI
SAPI
0
1
16
63
ISDN ( )
Q.931
.25
2
6. ..
06 - Chap 3.p65
81
21.07.2005, 15:54
82
TEI ,
. TEI=127 (1111111)
()
, . (0
126) .
1 (.3.2) ,
TEI ( TEI), ,
TEI (
TEI).
3.2 TEI
TEI
063
64126
127
TEI
TEI
(
NT2) ISDN
PRI ETSI,
, TEI=0. TEI
.
/ C/R (Command/Response bit)
DSS1 X.25.
LAPD
. C/R (.3.3)
.
, ,
,
. ,
.
3.3 C/R
K,
C/R=1
C/R=0
K
K
K,
C/R=0
C/R=1
06 - Chap 3.p65
82
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
83
1, , .
, ,
.
. 3.8 16
FCS (Frame check se
quence) ,
. , CB (
) 7 ( 10 1),
LAPD . FSC
16 ,
( 2), : )
( 2)
xk (x15+x14+...+x+1) (x16+x12+x5+1),
k
, ,
; )
( 2)
x16 ,
,
, ,
.
,
, ,
, FCS. LAPD
, ( 2)
x16 ,
FCS, 0001110100001111 (
7439),
.
,
. ,
, .
.
, :
(I), ,
(S),
(U). . 3.4,
, DSS1.
.
(I)
MSU 7 ( 10.2 ).
I
.
06 - Chap 3.p65
83
21.07.2005, 15:54
84
,
. I
, 1 ( 128) ,
. I
.
.
3.4 LAPD
(I)
(S)
K
(RRreceive ready)
K
(RRreceive ready)
K
(RNR)
K
(RNR)
/
(REJreject)
/
(REJreject)
(UIunnumbered
information)
,
3
I
I
I
I
(Ddisconnected
mode)
(U)
(SABMEset
asynchronous balanced
mode extended)
(FRMRframe reject)
(DISCdisconnect)
06 - Chap 3.p65
84
(UAunnumbered ack) , ,
SABME, DISC
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
85
(S)
. S
LSSU 7 ( 10.2 ).
, I,
S (RNR).
I, S
(RR). S
,
.
,
.
(U) 7.
(UI),
. U
.
TE, S,
UI TEI=127. U
.
,
3, , ,
, , ,
. ,
(,
, S).
2 3 ,
.
P/F (poll/final)
( . 3.4),
.25. P 1,
LAPD LAPD
. F=1 ,
P=1. 4
.
,
2 DSS1,
:
.
06 - Chap 3.p65
85
21.07.2005, 15:54
86
.
, ,
.
.
MSU 7.
[N(S)] [N(R)].
FSN, BSN MSU 7
( 10.2 ). LAPD
N(S)
, : N(S)=0, 1, 2, ... 127,
0, 1, ... ..
.
(. 3.9).
,
. N(S) ( 128)
, N(S) ,
,
.
[N(R)],
( 128), N(S)
.
LAPD
LAPD
I [N(S)=11]
[N(S)=12]
()
I [N(S)=13]
,
,
REJ [N(R)=12]
I [N(S)=12]
I [N(S)=13]
. 3.9
06 - Chap 3.p65
86
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
87
,
N(S)=11 N(S)=12
, LAPD
. N(S)=13
,
. (REJ) N(R)=12,
, N(S)=12.
,
N(S)=12.
D. D n
2n N(S)/N(R).
. S
U N(S).
, , .
N(R)
.
UI
N(S), N(R),
TEI=127,
,
S, .
3.4 LAPD:
LAPD
(. 3.9)
.
k.
,
, .
, N(R),
N(S),
. ,
,
, N(S) (
I) N(R) (
I) , k. k
06 - Chap 3.p65
87
21.07.2005, 15:54
88
: k=1
BRA D 16 /, k=3
16 /, k=7
PRA D 64 /.
,
, N(R),
, N(S). (REJ),
N(R), I,
, N(R), , ,
,
.
, .
(. 3.10). ,
3
. 3
,
DL_ESTABLISH. 2
(SABME set asynchronous balanced mode
extended). SABME 1.
SABME 2
,
(, ,
). ,
2 3
, ,
. 2
.
3
, ,
.
I.
3 2
DL_DATA.
I
1. 2 I
3
.
I I,
.
, I .
06 - Chap 3.p65
88
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
89
LAPD
LAPD
3
3
3
3,
2
3
SAMBE
I
I " ",
" "
DISC ()
. 3.10
I
.
.
, 11, 12 13.
I, . 3.9, ,
DISC, DM,
. . 3.10 3
2
DL_RELEASE, 2 ,
1 2 .
2 3
,
.
2
3
.
,
. ,
3
3 . 3
2
DL_UNIT DATA. 2
(UI unnumbered information),
, .
1 2
06 - Chap 3.p65
89
21.07.2005, 15:54
90
. ()
, TEI
127.
, .. , TEI
0126, TEI,
, , TEI=7.
UI ,
, 2 3
.
2
. ,
3.
, :
RR,
; RNR, ,
,
; REJ,
, . . 3.11
[70], , ,
C/R, P F.
LAPD
LAPD
I [C/R=0, P=0, N(S), N(R)]
REJ [C/R=1, P=0, N(R)=M]
I [C/R=0, P=0, N(S)=M, N(R)]
(a)
()
()
. 3.11
(a) 2
REJ, P 0 (
). N(R) = ,
N(S) = 1.
06 - Chap 3.p65
90
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
91
, , N(S) .
() , ,
REJ P = 1.
.
RR RNR (C/R=1, F=1),
.
()
RNR, .
. RR
,
. , RR
, (C/R=1)
P=1. ,
, .
RR, ,
N(S) = 1.
, N(S) = .
RNR,
RR.
,
.
LAPD TEI,
, .
(. 3.12) TEI
TEI , ,
.
TEI . ()
TEI.
,
.
, TEI.
TE, , TE
. TE
TEI 063.
TEI ,
/ 1
(
TEI ),
(, BRI,
),
06 - Chap 3.p65
91
21.07.2005, 15:54
92
. TEI
, TE
TEI ( 64126),
,
TEI.
:
ID. TE,
, TEI.
ID. ID.
TEI.
ID. , ID.
ID.
TEI.
ID. TE
ID.
ID. TE,
TEI.
UI c SAPI = 63.
UI . 3.12. 1 ,
TEI.
4 (. 3.5). Ri (
) Ai ( ).
8
0
0
1
1
1
1
(Ri)
3
(Ai)
4
1
. 3.12 TEI
3.5
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
06 - Chap 3.p65
92
0000 0001
0000 0010
0000 0011
0000 0100
0000 0101
0000 0110
0000 0111
Ri
Ai
065535
065535
065535
065535
127
64126
64127
0127
0126
0127
0126
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
93
,
TEI.
TEI
, ,
TEI,
.
. 3.13,a.
TE S,
ID. TEI,
,
(Ri). TE
TEI, TEI Ai,
TEI , Ai=127.
LAPD
LAPD
(Ri, Ai)
(Ri, Ai)
(Ri, Ai)
(a)
(Ri, Ai)
(Ri, Ai)
()
. 3.13 TEI:
(a) TEI; () TEI
TEI 64126.
S ID
. TEI, S
ID
, Ri
ID, TEI Ai.
TE, S, ,
TE, , Ri
TEI. TE,
S,
ID .
ID ,
TEI
, , TEI 64126
, S
06 - Chap 3.p65
93
21.07.2005, 15:54
94
ID, Ri
. TE
, TEI .
TEI
TEI,
(.3.13,).
ID, Ai
TEI, Ri .
200 .
TE, TEI, Ai,
ID,
Ri Ai.
ID,
TE TEI. ,
, ID
. ,
, TEI ,
TEI, ,
.
ID,
, TEI
TE.
ID Ai TEI.
, TEI Ai,
TEI.
, TEI ,
. ,
, TEI,
.
.
06 - Chap 3.p65
94
21.07.2005, 15:54
4
DSS1:
, .
, , .
4.1 Q.931
DSS1 ( 3) ,
,
, ISDN
,
, .. ,
ISDN.
3,
,
. 3,
,
2,
( , )
DL. 3,
, 2
DLDATAREQUEST ( DLUNITDATAREQUEST)
,
1. 2
(.. ) 3
DLDATAINDICATION ( DLUNITDATAINDICATION).
07 - Chap 4.p65
95
21.07.2005, 15:54
96
3 :
;
( )
, ,
,
;
,
;
;
3,
, 2, ;
,
.
3 DSS1
,
.
3
,
.
4.3.
3, , ,
.
4.2
3 DSS1
,
,
.
,
DSS1.
,
. 4.1. ,
1 1.
3
: ,
. ,
/
.
07 - Chap 4.p65
96
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
97
1
1
( )
( )
. 4.1 3 DSS1
(PD protocol discriminator).
DSS1,
(
), ,
. , 2 3 ,
.
ISDN ,
, Q.931, ATM
Frame relay.
. , ,
ISDN
,
00001000.
(CR call reference)
,
, .
,
,
2. ,
,
.
. 4.2.
, .
1 127,
71 2.
0 2151,
.
7. ..
07 - Chap 4.p65
97
21.07.2005, 15:54
98
,
.
, .
, ,
.
,
2 .
, :
(0) (1). (
, , ,
2.)
8
0/1
( )
(MT mes
sage type) , ,
(, SETUP, DISCONNECT
..). ,
. . 4.1
[Q.931],
.
:
,
. , , SETUP,
( )
;
, .
, , USER INFORMATION,
/
;
( ).
, , DISCONNECT,
( ),
, ;
, , INFORMATION,
;
07 - Chap 4.p65
98
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
99
00000000,
,
, .
4.1 Q.931
()
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
ALERT
CALPRC
CONN
CONACK
PROG
SETUP
SETACK
DISC
INFO
RLSE
RLCOM
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
5 4
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 0
1 1
0 1
1 1
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
2
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
:
.
.
1 . 4.3. 1 8 ,
, 57
. 14
.
8
1
. 4.3 : 1
2 . 4.4. 1 8
,
. ,
.
8
1
. 4.4 : 2
. 4.5
. 8 0,
07 - Chap 4.p65
99
21.07.2005, 15:54
100
.
.
,
,
.
8
( )
. 4.5
DSS1.
(bear
er capability) ,
.
. ,
, ,
, ,
.
:
, , , 3.1 , 7 ;
;
(64 /, 384 /);
;
, 1 (
, ..);
.
. 4.6.
(coding standard)
,
07 - Chap 4.p65
100
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
101
. : 00 ITUT; 01
IOS/IEC 10 ; 11
. (information transfer ca
pability) : 00000 ;
01000 ; 01001
; 10000 3.1 .
8
1
Ext
0/1
Ext
0
1
1
5a
0/1
Ext
1
Ext
1
0
(transfer mode)
: 10 ; 00 .
(information transfer rate)
, , : 00000 ; 10000
64 /; 10011 384 /c.
, 1
(user information layer 1 protocol) , ,
: 00001 V.110
X.30 ITUT; 00010 ; 00011
.
(user rate) ,
00001. , ,
56 / 01111. /
: 0 ; 1
.
: 0 ; 1
.
(alled and call
ing party numbers).
(, , )
.
, ITU
E.164 E.163. ,
X.121 ( , ),
F.69 ( )
.
07 - Chap 4.p65
101
21.07.2005, 15:54
102
: 001
; 010 ; 100 (
) ; 011 ().
: 0001
ISDN/ .
5 .
(. 4.7) , ,
(00 [ ]
; 01 )
[ ] (00 ,
, 01 , ,10
, , 11 ).
,
,
(,
) .
8
0/1
Ext
1
Ext
3a
0
0
. 4.7
(hannel iden
tification) ,
(. 4.8).
: ) BRI PRI, )
D, )
1 2, )
H0, H10, H11 ..
8
0
0
1
Ext
1
Ext
0
D
3.2
3.3
07 - Chap 4.p65
102
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
103
.
: 0 1 .
: 0
, 1 .
: 01 1, 10 2, 11 .
: 00 , 01
ISO, 10 .
. /
B : 0
; 1
.
(display)
ASCII/IA5,
.
(high
layer compatibility)
( OSI).
/
.
(teleservice),
,
X.400 .
. 4.9.
: 0000001 ; 0000100
2/3 ; 0110001 ;
0110101 .
8
1
Ext
0/1
Ext
. 4.9
" "
(keypad facility)
ASCII/IA5,
. ,
INFORMATION.
INFORMATION display
signal.
07 - Chap 4.p65
103
21.07.2005, 15:54
104
. ,
,
.
(low
layer compatibility) ,
,
, (
).
(call state)
, ,
.
(cause)
.
(progress indicator)
,
, , (
, ,
). . 4.10.
8
1
Ext
1
Ext
5
0
. 4.10 ""
: 0000001 ISDN;
0000010 ISDN; 0000011
ISDN; 0001000
.
(more data)
USER INFORMATION ,
USER INFOR
MATION. .
.
.
, 128
. ,
,
07 - Chap 4.p65
104
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
105
: 3 1 7 2.
, ,
, 8 .
, 136
, 133, ..
. 133
.
,
,
.
.
.4.11 [98].
0,
1101100,
. , 1101100,
( 5 . 4.11)
.
1101100
, .
.
0
1101100
1101100
. 4.11
, , ,
, ,
.
, .
DSS1 .
0 .
,
(, 5),
1,
shift (), . 4.12. 8
07 - Chap 4.p65
105
21.07.2005, 15:54
106
1 .
57
001
,
13.
8
. 4.12
4 ,
( )
(
).
.
,
0.
ITUT 0
. 5
,
,
.
6 , 7
,
, .
,
. ,
,
, ,
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
.
07 - Chap 4.p65
106
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
107
,
,
, .
, ,
.
,
. 4.1. .
4.2, 3
DSS1.
Q.931 .
TE,
.
4.2
ALERTING
CALL PROCEEDING
CONNECT
CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE
PROGRESS
SETUP
SETUP ACKNOWLEDGE
DISCONNECT
RELEASE
RELEASE COMPLETE
RESTART
RESTART ACKNOWLEDGE
RESUME
RESUME ACKNOWLEDGE
RESUME REJECT
SUSPEND
SUSPEND ACKNOWLEDGE
07 - Chap 4.p65
SUSPEND REJECT
USER INFORMATON
ONGESTION CONTROL
FACILITY
INFORMATION
STATUS
STATUS ENQUIRY
NOTIFY
107
()
21.07.2005, 15:54
108
.
TE, ,
. ,
TE
.
Q.931
.
ALERTING. ,
. .
CALL_PROCEEDING. ,
. SETUP
, , ,
,
.
ONNECT. ,
. ,
,
.
ANSWER ISUP 7. . 4.3
CONNECT (
, ).
CONNECT_ACKNOWLEDGE.
CONNECT.
4.3 CONNECT
/
()
24
282
2131
07 - Chap 4.p65
108
,
. ,
CONNECT
SETUP
K SETUP
K SETUP
"",
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
109
ONGESTION_CONTROL.
USER_INFORMATION.
DISCONNECT. ,
( ) .
, ,
.
. 4.4.
4.4 DISCONNECT
/
()
1
2
(cause)
432
(display)
282
2131
1
( )
K SETUP
""
,
FACILITY.
.
INFORMATION.
, .
, ,
TE
(a, ..).
,
,
(overlap).
NOTIFY.
,
.
RELEASE. ,
DISCONNECT.
, , ,
, .
,
. RELEASE
,
, .
07 - Chap 4.p65
109
21.07.2005, 15:54
110
RELEASE_COMPLETE. ,
RELEASE, , ,
, ,
, .
RELEASE RELEASE_COMPLETE , ,
,
.
RESTART. ,
()
(),
.
RESTART_ACKNOWLEDGE.
RESTART.
RESUME.
, SUSPEND.
RESUME_ACKNOWLEDGE.
RESUME
.
RESUME_REJECT. ,
.
SETUP. SETUP
.
, Q.931.
(IAM) ISUP
7 ( 10 1).
SETUP
,
. , ,
,
,
.
SETUP . 4.5. ,
,
, .
,
DSS1 , , ,
. ,
07 - Chap 4.p65
110
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
111
.
4.5 SETUP
.
()
413
(channel identification)
(progress indicator)
24
(display)
282
2131
216
24
(protocol discriminator)
(call reference)
(message type)
(bearer capability)
(useruser)
(low layer compatibility)
(high layer compatibility)
,
,
.
""
,
"
"
SETUP_ACKNOWLEDGE.
. ,
,
.
SETUP_ACKNOWLEDGE
INFORMATION.
STATUS.
STATUS_ENQUIRY.
, ,
.
07 - Chap 4.p65
111
21.07.2005, 15:54
112
STATUS_ENQUIRY. ,
.
,
,
,
STATUS_ENQUIRY STATUS .
SUSPEND, SUSPEND_ACKNOWLEDGE SUSPEND_REJECT.
. SUS
PEND ,
. SUSPEND_ACKNOWLEDGE
SUSPEND;
.
SUSPEND_REJECT SUSPEND,
, .
USER_INFORMATION.
INFORMATION, ,
.
, INFORMATION.
4.3
,
(
) 2. 3,
Q.931 3 2
DLDATAREQUEST DLDATAINDICATION,
I.
,
. ,
,
, .
,
, .
,
(enbloc)
(overlap) .
. 4.13
Q.931.
( ) (
).
07 - Chap 4.p65
112
21.07.2005, 15:54
8. ..
07 - Chap 4.p65
113
21.07.2005, 15:54
T305 (30 c)
Onhook
T301 (3 )
Ringback
T310 (10 c)
T304 (15 c)
Dial number
T304 (15 c)
Dial number
Dialtone
T303 (4 c)
Offhook
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT ACK
CONNECT
ALERTING
CALL PROCEEDING
SETUP (bcap)
Calling subscriber
loop
T308 (4 c)
T305 (30 c)
T304 (15 c)
T302 (1015 c)
T302 (1015 c)
T302 (1015 c)
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT ACK
CONNECT
ALERTING
Called subscriber
loop
2
Ringing
Onhook
Busy tone
T313 (4 c)
Offhook, Answer
. 4.13 .
114
, , ,
SETUP
. SETUP
,
,
.
00000 (),
00 ( ),
10000 ( 64 /).
SETUP, B
. ,
, A
SETUP_ACKNOWLEDGE, B
, .
SETUP_ACKNOWLEDGE
,
.
SETUP_ACKNOWLEDGE
,
, A,
B.
INFORMATION,
,
.
A
CALL_PROCEEDING
.
(overlap).
,
/
,
SETUP.
SETUP
CALL_PROCEEDING.
(enbloc).
, ,
.
, D SETUP.
.
SETUP ,
, ,
.
, ,
RELEASE_COMPLETE
07 - Chap 4.p65
114
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
115
, .
,
.
SETUP, ,
,
. ,
.
,
SETUP, CALL_PROCEEDING, CON
NECT ALERTING.
.
(,
).
, , ,
.
.
SETUP
ALERTING, ,
.
() ,
.
, ALERTING
.
, ,
, CON
NECT. CONNECT
.
CONNECT
CONNECT_ACKNOWLEDGE.
,
.
ALERTING .
SETUP
CONNECT
CALL_PROCEEDING.
,
.
.
DISCONNECT , A
07 - Chap 4.p65
115
21.07.2005, 15:54
116
B
.
RELEASE , B
.
RELEASE_COMPLETE.
A
. RELEASE,
RELEASE_COMPLETE A.
, ,
.
. 4.13 :
302
.
SETUP_ACKNOWLEDGE,
INFORMATION;
,
( CALL_PROCEEDING,
ALERTING CONNECT); 302=15 ;
303 SETUP ALERT,
CONNECT, CALL_PROCEEDING, SETUP_ACKNOWLEDGE
RELEASE_COMPLETE; 303=4 ;
304 SETUP_ACKNOWLEDGE
INFORMATION (
)
ALERT, CONNECT CALL_PROCEEDING; 304=15 ;
305 DISCONNECT
RELEASE DISCONNECT; 305=30 ;
308 RELEASE
RELEASE_COMPLETE RELEASE;308=4 ;
T310
CALL_PROCEEDING ALERT, CON
NECT, PROGRESS DISCONNECT; 310 > 40 ;
313
CONNECT CONNECT_ACKNOWLEDGE;
313=4 .
,
,
07 - Chap 4.p65
116
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
117
. 4.13. , ,
, SETUP
.
, SETUP.
,
SETUP ,
RELEASE_COMPLETE
,
.
,
CALL_PROCEEDING,
ALERTING / CONNECT,
.
.
,
CONNECT, .
CONNECT_ACKNOWLEDGE, ,
. ,
SETUP, RE
LEASE. , ,
,
, ALERTING
. ,
CONNECT,
CONNECT_ACKNOWLEDGE ,
RELEASE.
DSS1
,
. , , .
,
.
. , , ,
.
,
RESTART. RESTART
()
RESTART_ACKNOWLEDGE.
RESTART_ACKNOWLEDGE, ,
() .
.
07 - Chap 4.p65
117
21.07.2005, 15:54
118
() ,
,
.
,
, .
SUSPEND. ,
,
.
,
SUSPEND_ACKNOWLEDGE.
, RESUME,
.
RESUME_ACKNOWLEDGE,
NOTIFY.
.
,
. ,
, STATUS
, ,
.
4.4
,
DSS1 .
DSS1
.
.
.
,
() .
SETUP
,
,
.
,
.
07 - Chap 4.p65
118
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
119
, , , .
,
D. B,
,
,
: ;
ALERTING
;
SETUP ,
,
2 3 .25.2 .25.3.
D,
2 (SAPI=16),
I. , D
1 2 OSI, 3
(.25.3).
4.5
, .
( 1),
ALERTING CONNECT ( 2),
( 3).
ISUP 7 ( 10.3 ).
1
, ,
SETUP, .
. ,
(
Q.931),
: 00000000 ,
; 00000100
5 ITUT.
1
.
SETUP,
.
facility (
07 - Chap 4.p65
119
21.07.2005, 15:54
120
).
.
SETUP ,
ALERTING CONNECT,
.
1
.
1
SETUP
, facility
.
.
, .
ALERTING, CONNECT.
CONNECT.
1
.
2 .
ALERTING CONNECT.
SETUP, ,
facility
2.
ALERTING,
.
USER_INFORMATION.
.
1 2
128
.
3
, / .
facility ( 3) SETUP.
/
,
USER_INFORMATION.
3
/ SETUP,
07 - Chap 4.p65
120
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
121
FACILITY
3.
FACILITY,
USER_INFORMATION.
4.6
DSS1,
ISDN, ITUT,
ITUT .
. :
(DDI),
(MSN),
(CLIP/CLIR),
(COLP/COLR),
(CW),
(SUB).
.
:
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
.
,
,
, ,
.
,
,
.
07 - Chap 4.p65
121
21.07.2005, 15:54
122
.
.
, , ,
.
keypad facility.
, keypad facility
SETUP ( )
INFORMATION.
,
INFORMATION.
display
CALL_PROCEEDING ( )
INFORMATION.
,
, / INFORMA
TION.
keypad facility IN
FORMATION.
,
, .
, ,
.
,
.
, .
(feature activation),
SETUP, INFORMATION.
(feature indication),
SETUP_ACKNOWLEDGE, INFORMATION DISCONNECT.
display.
,
.
, .
,
07 - Chap 4.p65
122
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
123
,
,
,
. () ,
,
,
(
stimulus protocols).
.
:
.
,
.
, , ,
,
, , ,
,
,
.
HOLD () RETRIEVE (
),
: HOLD, HOLD_ACKNOWLEDGE, HOLD_REJECT,
RETRIEVE, RETRIEVE_ACKNOWLEDGE RETRIEVE_REJECT.
HOLD
, . ,
, HOLD,
, ,
, HOLD_ACKNOWLEDGE.
, RETRIEVE
, .
RETRIEVE_ACKNOWLEDGE. ,
.
,
. ,
07 - Chap 4.p65
123
21.07.2005, 15:54
124
,
facility.
, ,
.
facility
,
. , ,
facility FACIL
ITY SETUP. ,
REGISTER, FACILITY ,
.
,
. , ISDN
( ).
ETSI ,
.
(
CFU,
CFB, CFNR
CD).
,
(AOCD, AOCS AOCE,
).
(ECT)
,
, ,
, .
:
/
.
(
CCBS)
.
(CONF), (3PTY),
(MCID).
(UUS) .
07 - Chap 4.p65
124
21.07.2005, 15:54
DSS1:
125
4.7
, DSS1,
.
.
Q.921 Q.931
ETSI
ETS 300 125 ETS 300 102,
DSS1 ( 2 3,
), EuroISDN EDSS1.
ITUT. , ETS
300102
. ,
ISDN
DSS1
, ,
.
, ,
Q.931, , re
peat indicator, feature activation/indication,
D,
. ,
(channel identification) (call reference),
5,
, .
ISDN .25
ETSI ETS 300 007,
.25 9 .
ISDN,
ETSI.
ISDN
ISDN
37
.
DSS1
, .
,
,
..
07 - Chap 4.p65
125
21.07.2005, 15:54
126
.
, ,
,
.
07 - Chap 4.p65
126
21.07.2005, 15:54
5
QSIG
Quidquid alteri simile est, necesse est minus eo quod imitatur, .
, , , .
.. .
5.1 QSIG
1988 ,
,
,
. ITUT
ISDN ( 1988 )
, QSIG.
QSIG
.
DSS1, QSIG
. ,
,
DSS1.
QSIG
1990 ,
(European Communitys Official Journal),
.
(ECMA), ,
CEPT, , SI,
( )
SI, CENELEC ECMA QSIG.
(), ,
08 - Chap 5.p65
127
21.07.2005, 15:54
128
(),
(tie lines).
(
, ,
)
(. 5.1).
,
,
,
, .
QSIG,
, ,
,
.
QSIG ,
Q. PSS1Private
Integrated Signalling System Number 1 (
1)
DSS1. Q,
ENV41004, ,
(.
5.1, 5.2).
QSIG
(MoU), 1 1994
ETS 300 011,
ETS 300 172, ETS 300 239
QSIG ,
.
QSIG
, .
,
, QSIG. QSIG
Q,
, :
2/4 , ,
,
,
(VPN),
.
08 - Chap 5.p65
128
21.07.2005, 15:54
08 - Chap 5.p65
129
9. ..
21.07.2005, 15:54
. 5.1
ISDN
QSIG
129
130
47
, o
ROSE ( )
ACSE ( )
ISDN
ETS 300 011
I.430
ISDN
ETS 300 012
I.431
. 5.2 QSIG Q
QSIG DSS1,
, .
QSIG DSS1
, ISDN
.
3 QSIG DSS1 .
DSS1, QSIG
,
.
DSS1
QSIG . ,
DSS1 , QSIG
,
:
, ,
,
, , ,
, ..
, ,
QSIG
.
(QSIGGF),
,
.
08 - Chap 5.p65
130
21.07.2005, 15:54
QSIG
131
QSIG
. IPNS
QSIG
,
, ,
QSIG
VPN, ,
QSIG
, QSIG
BNNI .
QSIG,
,
, .
5.2
DSS1, QSIG ,
, .. . 3
QSIG : QSIGBC QSIGGF.
QSIGBC (Basic Call)
, ..
.
, ,
.
,
, , , ,
.. QSIGBC ETS 300 172.
QSIGGF (Generic Functional),
,
.
QSIGGF (
),
.
:
facility
, ,
, FACILITY QSIGGF.
08 - Chap 5.p65
131
21.07.2005, 15:54
132
OSI
,
(ROSE Remote Operation Ser
vice Elements), (ACSE
Association Control Service Elements)
(DSE Dialogue Service Elements),
(oordination function). , , ,
ROSE ACSE TCAP ( 10 1)
DSS1 ( 4 2). ROSE
ITUT .219, ACSE .217.
DSE,
QSIGGF.
7,
: (, ,
)
. 3 QSIGGF
GFTControl (.5.3).
DSS1 QSIGGF
,
(ANF).
QSIG
, 7
TUP, ISUP.
. 5.3
QSIG:
SCM 2 1.
QSIG
, SCM
.
2 HDLC.
ISDN ( ITUT Q.920/Q.921).
(protocol control)
Q.931
, , ,
(, ,
).
,
.
Q.931, ,
08 - Chap 5.p65
132
21.07.2005, 15:54
QSIG
133
,
. , Q.931
,
,
.
,
D
. QSIG
,
.
,
1 N.
SSC
ROSE
SSC
ROSE
47
DSE
DSE
GFTcontrol
(protocol control)
SCM
GFTcontrol
Protocol
control
Protocol
control
SCM
SCM
ACSE
ACSE
GFTcontrol
(protocol control)
SCM
. 5.3 (QSIGGF)
,
QSIGBC DSS1 ( SCM 2,
) 95% (
).
QSIGGF
, . 5.3.
, QSIGGF
GFTControl, , QSIGBC
.
, . GFTControl DSE
08 - Chap 5.p65
133
21.07.2005, 15:54
134
DSS1,
Q.932. .
,
(protocol control)
facility
. , DSE GFTControl
Q.932,
. ,
.
QSIG DSS1.
QSIG DSS1,
, , ,
.
3 QSIG
,
, . 3 QSIG
(.
4.3):
(protocol discriminator).
,
, ,
, 2.
.12.2 ETS 300 172.
(call reference).
(
/ ),
.
.12.3
ETS 300 172. ,
0 , ,
1 .
, QSIG
DSS1,
1 2 ( )
.
.
0. ,
, ,
,
2.
(message type).
, ,
.
08 - Chap 5.p65
134
21.07.2005, 15:54
QSIG
135
.12.4
ETS 300 172.
, . 5.1,
0
DSS1.
,
DSS1 QSIG ,
,
QSIG . ,
QSIG .
, QSIG
Progressindicator ALERTING, PROGRESS
CONNECT, DSS1 DISCONNECT
SETUP ACKNOWLEDGE.
ISDN
.
5.1 QSIG
1
Shift
Sending complete
Segmented message
Bearer capability
Cause
Call state
Channel identification
Progress indicator
Connected number
Connected subaddress
Calling party number
Calling party subaddress
Called party number
Called party subaddress
Restart indicator
Low layer compatibility
High layer compatibility
ETS 300 172
12.5.3
12.5.20
12.5.19
12.5.5
12.5.11
12.5.6
12.5.12
12.5.17
12.5.13
12.5.14
12.5.9
12.5.10
12.5.7
12.5.8
12.5.18
12.5.16
12.5.15
, QSIG
, DSS1,
5:
(Transit counter).
,
. 1
08 - Chap 5.p65
135
21.07.2005, 15:54
136
.
0 31.
. 12.6.2. ETS 300 172;
(Party category).
,
, .
,
.
: , , (
) , .
. 12.6.1 ETS 300 172.
QSIG
, 4,
.
ALERTING.
. 11.2.1 ETS 300 172.
SETUP.
. 11.2.10 ETS 300 172.
CALL_PROCEEDING.
. 11.2.2 ETS 300 172.
ONNECT.
. 11.2.3 ETS 300 172.
CONNECT_ACKNOWLEDGE.
. 11.2.4 ETS 300 172.
PROGRESS.
. 11.2.7 ETS 300 172.
SETUP_ACKNOWLEDGE.
. 11.2.11 ETS 300 172.
: DIS
CONNECT,
. 11.2.5 ETS 300 172; RELEASE
. 11.2.8 ETS 300 172; RELEASE_COMPLETE,
. 11.2.9 ETS
300 172.
RE
START RESTART_ACKNOWELEDGE, . 11.3.1
11.3.2 ETS 300 172.
SEGMENT; INFORMATION; STATUS; STATUS_ENQUIRY.
(. 5.4, 5.5).
DSS1, . 4.13,
.
08 - Chap 5.p65
136
21.07.2005, 15:54
08 - Chap 5.p65
137
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT ACK
21.07.2005, 15:54
SETUP
ISDN
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT ACK
CONNECT
ALERTING
CALL PROCEEDING
. 5.4 .
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT ACK
CONNECT
ALERTING
CALL PROCEEDING
SETUP
CONNECT
ALERTING
CALL PROCEEDING
SETUP
S
Q
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT ACK
CONNECT
ALERTING
SETUP
QSIG
137
08 - Chap 5.p65
138
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT ACK
21.07.2005, 15:54
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT ACK
CONNECT
ALERTING
CALL PROCEEDING
INFO
INFO
INFO
SETUP ACK
SETUP
ISDN
SETUP
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT ACK
CONNECT
ALERTING
. 5.5 .
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT ACK
CONNECT
ALERTING
CALL PROCEEDING
INFO
INFO
INFO
SETUP ACK
SETUP
CONNECT
INFO
ALERTING
CALL PROCEEDING
INFO
INFO
INFO
INFO
INFO
SETUP ACK
SETUP
138
5
QSIG
139
. 5.4 5.5
, ,
T310
: 110 120 QSIG, 10 DSS1 (Q.931), 40
EDSS1 (ETS 300 1021).
5.3 QSIG
ISDN, QSIG
, . QSIG
,
,
.
QSIG Q,
,
. ,
,
/
. ITUT I.130
,
.
1
.
, .
2
,
, 1,
,
.
, 3
QSIG Q.
, ,
,
.
, QSIG
,
. ISDN
, QSIG,
,
08 - Chap 5.p65
139
21.07.2005, 15:54
140
. , ,
.
,
(ANF).
QSIG
:
.
ANF, QSIG
.
C (UUS).
.
:
;
;
.
(CI).
,
.
,
.
CI.
(DND).
, , QSIG.
,
, ,
(DNDO),
. ,
DND,
DNDO. ,
, DNDO,
.
.
.
(BS). ,
, ,
,
.
(NR). ,
08 - Chap 5.p65
140
21.07.2005, 15:54
QSIG
141
, ,
, ,
, .
.
(PR) ANF
QSIG
, , .
(SN)
,
( QSIG ISDN ) QSIG.
(CTM).
QSIG, .
(AOC).
.
:
, ;
,
; ,
. ,
ISDN .
,
ISDN
. ,
QSIG , ,
, .
.
,
, .
:
CD . ,
,
.
,
;
CFB .
, ,
, ;
CFNR .
,
;
08 - Chap 5.p65
141
21.07.2005, 15:54
142
CFU .
.
,
, . ,
,
.
(CINT).
,
( )
.
(, ,
..).
(RE).
CCBS, , .
(SUB)
, ,
, , .
/ ISDN .
(CO).
,
: ,
( ) .
(DDI).
ISDN ,
, QSIG ISDN DDI
,
QSIG. DDI ISDN
QSIG
.
(CW).
, ,
.
. ,
,
. :
CLIP
.
, , ;
08 - Chap 5.p65
142
21.07.2005, 15:54
QSIG
143
CLIR .
; LIP.
CLIR
, .
,
,
,
;
COLP
.
, , ;
COLR ;
CNIP
;
CNIR ;
CONP
;
CONR .
CNIP CONP , CLIP
COLP. , NIP CONP
, (
CNIR/CLIR CONR/COLR).
, QSIG,
ISDN
; , ISDN
, QSIG
, ISDN
CLIR. ,
ISDN , QSIG
, ISDN
COLR.
. QSIG
,
.
,
, , ,
.
5.4 DPNSS
(, ,
)
08 - Chap 5.p65
143
21.07.2005, 15:54
144
QSIG, 1980 .
, 7
, . ,
TUP
,
.
, ,
,
, ,
, DPNSS. ,
DPNSS
, . 1985
, ITUT, EPT
ISDN
. DPNSS
,
,
ITUT ISDN.
DPNSS QSIG. 1990 .
Alcatel, Siemens, GPT, SAT Telenorma
ISDN (IPNS) QSIG
DPNSS.
IPNS : Alcatel, Ascom, AT&T,
Bosch Telecom, Ericsson, GPT, Italtel, MatraCom, Nortel, Philips Sie
mens.
ECMA.
, DPNSS ,
,
.
, CornetN (Siemens) ABC
(Alcatel),
, DPNSS.
DPNSS British Telecom, GPT Mi
tel
.
.
,
40 .
.
IPNS
DPNSS .
DPNSS QSIG
ISDN.
08 - Chap 5.p65
144
21.07.2005, 15:54
QSIG
145
DPNSS .
1 DPNSS
1, ,
,
9.6 /.
APNSS.
.
2 DPNSS
, ..
, ,
QSIG ,
.
3 DPNSS ,
40
. ,
,
.
10. ..
08 - Chap 5.p65
145
21.07.2005, 15:54
08 - Chap 5.p65
146
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
.
.
6.1
, .
.
(WLL),
. (
,
, ,
):
.
,
3,1 ,
,
, , [72]
.
, .
,
09 - Chap 6.p65
147
21.07.2005, 15:54
148
, ,
:
( , ,
, .);
( , ,
, .);
( ,
.).
, ,
:
,
,
,
.. ,
:
( , .);
;
(WLL Wireless Local Loop).
. . .
[49],
.
.
2048 / .
.
, , WLL,
,
.
V5,
. . 6.1, V5
, ,
, .
(, WLL)
09 - Chap 6.p65
148
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
149
,
7 , .
DSS1,
3 4
ISDN
.
.
.
ISDN
(WLL)
Q3
ET
ET
ET
ET
V5.1
ET
(WLL)Q3
V5.2
n
2/
n
16
ET
ET
ET
ET
ET
Q3
(WLL)Q3
2, "2 6" ( 1)
7, ISUPR ( 1)
Q3
Q3
TMN
. 6.1 (, WLL)
,
,
I.411, V,
.
V . 6.2,
Q.512.
4 [49],
V
09 - Chap 6.p65
149
21.07.2005, 15:54
150
ITUT ETSI.
, V1
ISDN
2B+D, V2, V3, V4 V5
2048 /,
G.703, G.704.
V1
2+D
G.961
ET
[I.411]
V2
V2
2048 /
G.703, G.704
ET
V3
30+D
G.703, G.704
ET
V4
ET
ITUT
n
V5
G.964, G.965
ET
2B+D
30B+D
. 6.2 V
. , V2
; ,
. V3
ISDN 30B+D, V4
09 - Chap 6.p65
150
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
151
Q.512
V5.
,
.
V5
1991 ETSI.
V5 1993 , 1995 ITU
V5.1 ( ) V5.2 (
).
.
1997 . V5.1
2048 / 30
B
(.6.1) . V5.2
16 2048 /
, , 8.
.
V5.1 V5.2. ,
, ,
V5 8,
V5.2.
6.2 V5:
, V5
,
.
V5
(. 6.3),
(AN access network).
. 6.3 .
V5.
,
2048 /,
2048 /.
, ,
. ,
09 - Chap 6.p65
151
21.07.2005, 15:54
152
V5, ,
.
,
, V5,
.
(on
ISDN
(rDS )
(AN)
(LE)
D ISDN
*
*
*
* V5.2.
. 6.3 V5
demand services),
ISDN.
,
DTMF
.
,
DTMF
.
.
ISDN NT,
, ,
G.960 G.961.
09 - Chap 6.p65
152
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
153
, D
.
,
,
.
(
) (permanent leased line).
,
, , V5.
(semipermanent leased line),
. V5
B ISDN,
.
, V5
,
ISDN.
.
, V5
,
.
,
, ,
, V5.
,
V5, , .
, ,
ISDN.
6.1 ,
ISDN
ISDN
, V5
: V5.1 V5.2 (. 6.2). V5.1
2048 /. V5.2
09 - Chap 6.p65
153
21.07.2005, 15:54
154
( ).
V5.1, V5.2
. 2048
/ ( ) 32
, 0
(. .3.1 3 ). V5.1
30 ( 15
ISDN), V5.2
( 1000
ISDN). ISDN
V5.
V5.2
16
2048 K/
.
ISDN
(Protection protocol)
(Link Control protocol)
(2048 K/)
6.3
V5 .
ISDN,
7
8 (,
,
).
V5.1 V5.2,
V5.2 (.6.4).
Q.921 ISDN
, D,
2 V5. D
ISDN
(s),
(f)
09 - Chap 6.p65
154
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
155
(p). p f
.
,
ETS 300 125, Q.920, Q.921
D 16/64
LAPV5DL
LAPV5DL
LAPV5EF
LAPV5EF
D 16/64
64
64
(LE)
(AN)
ISDNTE
ANFR
V5.2
. 6.4 V5.2
V5 .
, V5.2 :
D ISDN SAPI=16;
f D ISDN SAPI= 3264;
Ds D ISDN (SAPI
);
;
;
;
();
.
, V5
, .
V5.2, ,
,
09 - Chap 6.p65
155
21.07.2005, 15:54
156
, . 64 /
V5,
, .
, ,
16 .
, , f Ds
a ISDN,
.
, f Ds
.
ISDN
V5,
V5 .
ISDN
V5.
, , D ISDN
,
, ,
,
D ISDN.
f
, .
V5.1
ISDN (Cs)
,
ISDN,
p ISDN ( ) f ISDN (
), .
,
16,
.
, 16 15.
p ISDN.
s ISDN :
16 15.
, 16, 15 31.
16.
, ,
, ISDN.
f p ISDN.
s ISDN
, 16, 15 31.
.
09 - Chap 6.p65
156
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
157
V5.2 ,
,
. V5.2
,
,
,
.
V5.2
C,
. V5.2
, , ,
.
.
1 2.
1
, 16
, V5.2.
C
. 16
, 16
, .
,
16 . ,
,
.
, , ,
2.
2 1 ,
, , ,
.
2 ,
, C
. 1, ,
,
.
V5.2
, .
09 - Chap 6.p65
157
21.07.2005, 15:54
158
.
,
.
(BCC bearer channel con
nection)
V5, 64 /
.
, , ,
. V5.1 ,
;
. V5.2
,
.
V5.2 .
V5.2
. ,
8,
V5.2, 16 ,
4000 . V5.1
30 ,
.
6.4 V5
, V5.1
2048 /, V5.2,
, .
2048 /
V5 ITUT G.703, G.704
ETSI ETS 300 166. ETS 300 166, ,
:
.
,
ETS 300 3241.
V5.2 2048 /c,
(IDverification) .
, ,
,
8.
09 - Chap 6.p65
158
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
159
,
1 V5.2
Q3.
,
V5.2
.
,
.
,
,
,
V5.2 .
,
.
() ,
. ,
V5.2
.
2048 / V5 32
(. 3 ). 0
, 31
,
. 16
; 16
, , , 3, 7, 9, 10 .
,
16 ,
16
(, ISDN
D,
), 15,
31 (. 6.5).
V5 ,
,
.
16
, 0
.
. 6.5, V5
16
2048 / V5. V5.1
09 - Chap 6.p65
159
21.07.2005, 15:54
160
. V5.2 16
BCC
. V5.2 16 ,
,
.
. 6.5
. ,
.
V5 .
ISDN,
ISDN ( 3 4
),
.
(
ISDN)
. ,
,
. ISDN ,
2. ,
. ,
,
.
1
16
15 31
2
16 15
31
3
16
15
31
4
16
15
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
. 6.5
09 - Chap 6.p65
160
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
161
6.5 LAV5
,
3,
,
1.
(.. ),
,
.
LAPV5
3.3 LAPD
. ,
ISDN
. ,
: , ..
.
, 2 ISDN
ISDN, 2
.
ISDN
2,
3. ,
,
2 3.
,
ISDN, .
, V5 2 3,
,
ISDN,
3, , ,
2, 3.
,
2
3 (. 6.3). 13 .
. 6.3 (82)
. (83)
1.
V5
ISDN V5.
ISDN
11. ..
09 - Chap 6.p65
161
21.07.2005, 15:54
162
2, ISDN. 3
ISDN ISDN
V5.
0 8175
ISDN
3.
6.3 V5
V5
0 8175
8176
ISDN
8177
8178
8179
8180
8181 32767
5 4
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
3 ,
ISDN . 3
,
ISDN,
. 2 ,
.
3, ,
,
V5.
,
6.6.
V5
. , ISDN V5
LAD.
,
,
ISDN.
ISDN
ISDN V5.
,
.
09 - Chap 6.p65
162
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
163
LAPV5 :
LAPV5EF (Enveloping Function sublayer)
LAPV5DL (Data Link sublayer).
, 2
, V5
. ,
.
, ..
ISDN
V5.
. 6.6.
13 ,
,
.
13 0
8191 (. . 6.2). 2 3
(EA)
/ (C/R) ISDN. C/R
0, C/R
, .
8
=0
=1
(01111110)
( )
( )
4
(N3)
FCS ( )
(N2)
FCS ( )
(N1)
(01111110)
. 6.6
0 8175
ISDN, V5.
8176 8191
V5.
FCS
. 01111110, , ,
DSS1 (. 3.3).
(
) 3 ,
533 . .
09 - Chap 6.p65
163
21.07.2005, 15:54
164
2 ,
268 2 . ,
2268+21=537 . 2
2 ,
533 .
(. 6.7),
.
8
( )
=0
=1
( )
3
M
(M+1)
(M+K)
. 6.7
ISDN
LAV5 2
ISDN. ,
. ,
, EA C/R, , ISDN.
,
, 3.
260 .
,
,
ISDN, 13 ,
0 8191.
. 8176 8180
, , BCC,
,
V5 ( 6.3).
6.6 3
6.3 3
V5 ( , ,
, ) ,
.
09 - Chap 6.p65
164
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
165
(1 ), 3 (2
), (1 ) ,
/
. . 6.8.
8
3 ( )
1
1
3 ( )
0
2
3
4
5
. 6.8 V5
V5
01001000 (48 ).
V5 ETS 300 3241 ETS 300 3471
( , ,
, )
, 2.
V5
(, ETS 300 1021),
3, .
3.
3
V5.
3
(. 6.3).
3 ,
V5;
(. 6.3).
,
15 32768 .
BCC 3 13
, ,
8192 BCC,
.
3
.
16 V5.2.
09 - Chap 6.p65
165
21.07.2005, 15:54
166
3
16 .
, .
7 .
V5
. 6.4.
,
,
, V5.
6.4 V5
8176
8177
8178
8179
0 15
16 23
24 31
32 47
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
8180
48 55
4 DSS1 10
7, V5
,
.
V5 [83].
,
,
AN LE. , AN/ESTABLISH
, LE/ESTABLISH
.
,
, ,
. , ESTABLISH
Steadysignal (
), : ESTABLISH/Steadysignal.
,
, :
AN/ESTABLISH/ ESTABLISH,
.
. ,
: LE/ESTABLISH/Steadysignal:normal
09 - Chap 6.p65
166
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
167
polarity, ESTABLISH,
Steady
signal,
, normal polarity.
, ,
. , ,
. , STATUS:Response:AN0
STATUS
Cause (), ,
LE/STATUSENQUIRY
3
0 ( ).
.
,
. , ESTABLISH/Lineinforma
tion: impedancemarkerset ESTABLISH: im
pedancemarkerset, .. Lineinformation
.
, ,
V5 .
, LE/STATUS ,
STATUS.
, PROTOCOLPARAMETER LE/PRO
TOCOLPARAMETER , AN/PROTO
COLPARAMETER V5.
V5,
,
2, , ,
. V5
,
, ,
,
.
6.7 ISDN
V5
ISDN .
,
DSS1 , ISDN
,
09 - Chap 6.p65
167
21.07.2005, 15:54
168
, DSS1 ,
, V5.
.
V5 [83]:
V5
, ,
ISDN.
, 1, 2 3 .
, ,
, .
V5
ISDN ,
. 2 OSI ,
ISDN .
ISDN , .
3 ISDN ,
V5. ,
ISDN
.
ISDN, 1,
, V5
ISDN.
1
, .. D
,
.
,
1, ,
D
,
2.
, ISDN
2
.
,
,
1, ..
09 - Chap 6.p65
168
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
169
,
. ,
3, ..
.
, 2
, ,
3,
. 3 , 2
,
,
. V5
ISDN
, Q.921.
ISDN,
( ),
, .
(FCS)
.
V5 (. 6.9).
,
V5, : ISDN
,
.
FCS FCS ,
ISDN.
01111110
01111110
01111110
01111110
FCS
01111110
ISDN
FCS
FCS
01111110
01111110
FCS
01111110
V5
ISDN
. 6.9 ISDN
09 - Chap 6.p65
169
21.07.2005, 15:54
170
D ISDN ,
,
D V5, 64 /,
.
,
, C,
V5.
, ..
D .
. ,
, .
,
,
2.
V5 s,
p f,
, V5.1 V5.2.
,
, ..
.
09 - Chap 6.p65
170
21.07.2005, 15:54
7
,
,
, ,
, .
.
7.1
V5
. ,
(, ) (
, ),
, ,
. , , ,
V5
ISDN
, ABC .
,
(). 100
, ,
, , ,
,
. , ,
, , .
, ,
, .
V5,
V5 , ,
.
10 - Chap 7.p65
171
21.07.2005, 15:54
172
,
ISDN ( ),
V5
..
,
, 3
.
ISDN, ,
.
3, , ,
.
,
,
ISDN, , , (..
, ),
, ,
,
3.
V5. , ,
3,
, .
( , ..),
.
.
( ,
)
V5 ,
V5,
, (signalling path). ,
,
, (
,
).
3 ,
.
, , ..
10 - Chap 7.p65
172
21.07.2005, 15:54
173
,
.
, , ..
,
,
. :
,
V5.
.
7.2
,
,
.
, ETS 300 1021,
. 7.1.
7.1
(Steadysignal)
(Digitsignal)
(Cadencedringing)
(Pulsedsignal)
()
(Pulsenotification)
(Lineinformation)
(Recognitiontime)
(Enableautonomousacknowledge)
(Disableautonomousacknowledge)
(Autonomussignallingsequence)
(Sequenceresponse)
(Sequencenumber)
(State)
(Cause)
(Resourceunavailable)
10 - Chap 7.p65
173
( ) 8
3
0
3
0
3
0
35
0
7
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
5 4 3
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 0 0
0 0 0
2
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
46
3
1
35
38
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
21.07.2005, 15:54
174
, /
,
.
( ) .
. 7.1.
8
P. 7.1 ""
,
,
, ,
,
.
3 ,
. 7.2.
.
,
.
, V5
.
(Digitsignal), ,
, (. 7.2),
,
(DDI), (
1 ).
3 .
14 ,
, ,
. 14
10 - Chap 7.p65
174
21.07.2005, 15:54
175
. 5 6 0.
.
0.
7.2 ( 3)
4 3
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 1
0 1
0 1
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
(Normal polarity)
(Reversed polarity)
(Battery on cwire)
(No battery on cwire)
(Loop closed)
(Loop open)
(Battery on awire)
(awire on earth)
(No battery on awire)
b (No battery on bwire)
(Reduced battery)
(No battery)
(Alternate reduced power/no power)
(Normal battery)
(Stop ringing)
(Start pilot frequency)
(Stop pilot frequency)
b (Low impedance on bwire)
b (bwire connected to earth)
b (bwire disconnected from earth)
b (Battery on bwire)
(Low loop impedance)
(High loop impedance)
(Anomalous loop impedance)
a
(awire disconnected from earth)
(cwire on earth)
(cwire disconnected from earth)
P. 7.2 ""
10 - Chap 7.p65
175
21.07.2005, 15:54
176
(Cadencedringing),
. 3
.
(.. )
(Pulsedsignal),
. 7.3.
3 5 .
8
0/1
P. 7.3 ""
,
, ,
,
. 7.3.
,
.
.
.
,
, .
.
(suppression indicator),
6 7 4, , ,
.
, 6 7 4,
,
: ,
.
. 7.4 7.5, .
AN LE
,
(Pulsedsignal)
10 - Chap 7.p65
176
21.07.2005, 15:54
177
(Digitsignal).
,
.
7.3 ( 3)
7
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
5 4 3
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
7.4 ( 4)
7 6
0 0
0 1 ,
1 0 ,
,
1 1
12. ..
10 - Chap 7.p65
177
21.07.2005, 15:54
178
7.5
( 4a)
7 6
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1
()
,
,
. ,
.
.
(Lineinformation),
, ,
.
7.6.
.
,
.
7.6
""
4
0
0
0
0
0
3 2
0 0
0 0
0 1
0 1
1 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
,
.
(Recognition
time), , ,
,
.
4 ,
, . 7.4.
7.2 7.3.
10 - Chap 7.p65
178
21.07.2005, 15:54
179
, ,
. 7 0.
8
P. 7.4 ""
( ).
,
.
,
,
.
.
, ,
(Enableutonomousacknowledge).
4 4 6
(. 7.5 7.6).
, 7.2 7.3.
, ,
, ,
,
.
8
1
2
P. 7.5
""
( "")
,
10 - Chap 7.p65
179
21.07.2005, 15:54
180
(Disableautono
mousacknowledge).
,
3 .
8
1
2
P. 7.6
""
( "")
, , ,
.
(Au
tonomoussignallingsequence).
.
(sequence
type) 1 4 ( 7.1).
,
(Sequencere
sponse).
,
.
.
(sequencenumber),
. 7.7. 3 ,
.
8
1
2
3
P. 7.7 ""
10 - Chap 7.p65
180
21.07.2005, 15:54
181
SIGNAL, PROTOCOL_PARAMETER
SIGNAL_ACK, .
SIGNAL PROTOCOL_PARAMETER
M(S),
SIGNAL_ M(R).
,
,
.
(State),
(Cause).
3, 4 5 , . 7.8. 3
,
. 4 ,
,
. 5
, 4 4,
, .
7.7. .
8
( )
( )
, ,
,
.
(Resource
unavailable).
,
,
.
SIGNAL .
3 8 .
10 - Chap 7.p65
181
21.07.2005, 15:54
182
7.7 ""
4 3
_
(Response to STATUS_ENQUIRY)
(Protocol discriminator error)
3 (L3 address error)
(Message type unrecognized)
(Out of sequence information element)
(Repeated optional information element)
(Mandatory information element missing)
(Unrecognized information element)
(Mandatory information element content error)
(Optional information element content error)
,
(Message not compatible with path state)
(Repeated mandatory information element)
(Too many information element)
3
3
3
4
5
5
5(4)
5
5
5
4
5
4
7.3
V5 . 6.7
. V5,
:
) V5 ,
) 3, ,
,
) ,
) ,
.
a), ) ) ,
)
.
,
7.8.
10 - Chap 7.p65
182
21.07.2005, 15:54
183
( 6.4 )
.
7.8
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5 4 3 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 ESTABLISH
0 0 0 0 1 ESTABLISH_ACK
0 0 0 1 0 SIGNAL
0 0 0 1 1 SIGNAL_ACK
0 1 0 0 0 DISCONNECT
0 1 0 0 1 DISCONNECT_COMPLETE
0 1 1 0 0 STATUS_ENQUIRY
0 1 1 0 1 STATUS
0 1 1 1 0 PROTOCOL_PARAMETER
ESTABLISH ESTABLISH_ACK
V5. ,
DIS
CONNECT DISCONNECT_COMPLETE.
SIGNAL SIGNAL_ACK.
PROTOCOL_PA
RAMETER.
V5
STATUS_ENQUIRY, ,
,
.
STATUS STATUS_ENQUIRY
, .
.
,
( ),
() ()
.
, ESTABLISH, ESTAB
LISH_ACK, SIGNAL PROTOCOL_PARAMETER
.
10 - Chap 7.p65
183
21.07.2005, 15:54
184
ESTABLISH,
7.9,
.
7.9 ESTABLISH
3
ANLE
M
M
M
O
1
2
1
1
LEAN
LEAN
LEAN
O
O
O
3
35
3
ESTABLISH_ ( 7.10)
,
.
7.10 ESTABLISH_
3
M
M
M
1
2
1
LEAN
O
O
35
3
ESTABLISH (LE)
, (AN)
.
, AN/ESTABLISH/.
AN/ESTABLISH/Steadysignal
( ).
,
AN/SIGNAL.
. 7.9.
,
LE/ESTABLISH/.
,
,
.
10 - Chap 7.p65
184
21.07.2005, 15:54
185
LE/ESTABLISH/Cadencedringing.
,
LE/ESTABLISH/Steadysignal:normalpolarity.
LE/ESTABLISH,
LE/SIGNAL.
ESTABLISH
ESTABLISH_ACK
:
LE/ESTABLISH/
Autonomoussignallingsequence.
ESTABLISH
.
, , ,
, LE/ESTAB
LISH AN/ESTABLISH_ACK/Steadysignal:loopclosed.
,
AN/ESTABLISH_ACK/Pulsedsignal,
.
,
AN/ESTABLISH_ACK/.
AN/ESTABLISH
LE/ESTABLISH_ACK/Steadysignal, , ,
.
LE/ESTABLISH_ACK/Pulsedsignal,
,
, LE/ESTABLISH_ACK/Autonomous signalingse
quence,
.
,
LE/ESTABLISH_ACK/.
.
10 - Chap 7.p65
185
21.07.2005, 15:54
186
, ,
AN/ESTABLISH/Lineinformation.
LE/ESTABLISHACK,
LE/DISCONNECT_COMPLETE.
DISCONNECT
, ,
.
DISCONNECT/
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE/
. 7.10 DISCONNECT
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE
AN/DISCONNECT_COM
PLETE, DISCONNECT.
AN/DISCONNECT_COMPLETE
,
. ,
AN/SIG
NAL/Steadysignal:onhook, ,
.
,
, , AN/ESTAB
LISH,
AN/SIGNAL/Steady
signal:onhook. ,
ESTABLISH_ACK, DISCONNECT.
: AN/SIGNAL/Linesignal
,
STATUS ,
.
,
LE/ESTABLISH_ACK,
AN/DISCONNECT/Steadysignal:onhook.
,
AN/DISCONNECT/.
LE/
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE/Steadysignal LE/DISCONNECT_COM
PLETE/.
10 - Chap 7.p65
186
21.07.2005, 15:54
187
. SIGNAL
( 7.11).
7.11 SIGNAL
3
ANLE
M
M
M
1
2
1
3
1
LEAN
ANLE
LEAN
ANLE
O
O
O
O
O
3
3 5
3
3
3 8
PROTOCOL_PARAMETER
( 7.12).
7.12 PROTOCOL_PARAMETER
3
LEAN
LEAN
LEAN
LEAN
LEAN
M
M
M
M
O
1
2
1
3
4
LEAN
4 6
LEAN
SIGNAL_ACK (
7.13).
,
Sequencenumber (). SIG
NAL PROTOCOL_PARAMETER
, .
SIGNAL_ACK
.
3, 7.6.
10 - Chap 7.p65
187
21.07.2005, 15:54
188
M
M
M
1
2
1
3
AN/SIGNAL, ,
(. 7.1)
, Cadencedringing (
), ..
.
AN/SIGNAL/Steadysignal.
AN/SIGNAL/Digitalsignal.
,
AN/SIGNAL/Pulsenotification.
LE/SIGNAL
,
Pulsenotification,
() ,
() .
LE/
SIGNAL/Cadencedringing. LE/
SIGNAL/Pulsedsignal:initialring. LE/SIGNAL/Pulsedsignal
.
LE/SIGNAL
,
, LE/SIGNAL/
Autonomoussignallingsequence,
.
4 (. 7.10).
AN/SIGNAL/Sequenceresponse. ,
,
.
,
SIGNAL .
10 - Chap 7.p65
188
21.07.2005, 15:54
189
AN/SIGNAL/Resourceunavailable
,
, .
SIGNAL
,
PROTOCOL_PARAMETER/Rec
ognitiontime.
.
,
LE/PROTOCOL_PARAMETER/Enableau
tonomousacknowledge LE/PROTOCOL_PARAMETER/Disableauton
omousacknowledge.
PROTOCOL_PARAMETER , .. ,
/
.
STATUS STATUS_ENQUIRY
(
7.14 7.15).
V5.
, .
7.14 STATUS
3
ANLE
ANLE
ANLE
ANLE
ANLE
M
M
M
1
2
1
1
3 5
7.15 STATUS_ENQUIRY
3
LEAN
LEAN
LEAN
M
M
M
1
2
1
,
. ,
V5:
,
, .
.
.
10 - Chap 7.p65
189
21.07.2005, 15:54
190
. , ,
.
LE/ESTABLISH.
AN/ESTABLISH_ACK
.
AN/ESTABLISH
. LE/
ESTABLISH_ACK
.
,
LE/DISCONNECT. ( 7.16)
,
. AN/
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE, ,
( 7.17).
7.16 DISCONNECT
3
M
M
M
O
1
2
1
3
7.17 DISCONNECT_COMPLETE
3
LEAN
M
M
M
O
1
2
1
3
, ,
,
LE/ESTABLISH_ACK . LE/
ESTABLISH_ACK ,
,
. LE/
ESTABLISH_ACK , ,
AN/DISCONNECT.
LE/DISCONNECT_COMPLETE,
.
10 - Chap 7.p65
190
21.07.2005, 15:54
191
AN/ESTABLISH/Lineinformation.
LE/DISCONNECT AN/
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE,
.
7.4
, , ,
, V5.
, .
, ,
,
. ,
,
, ,
.
.
,
,
.
, ,
,
, .
,
PROTOCOL_PARAMETER.
. 7.11 ANS (PSTN pro
tocol: Access Network Side)
, . 7.12 SDL
.
, PANS
, .
.
FE (Functional Elements),
,
AN PANS .
10 - Chap 7.p65
191
21.07.2005, 15:54
192
BLOCK: PANS
*/ V5
.
ETS 300 3241:1994. /
/*
DISCONNECT
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE
ESTABLISH
ESTABLISH_ACK
SIGNAL
SIGNAL_ACK
STATUS
FEline_signal
FEline_information
FEsubscriber_release
FEsubscriber_seizure
C1
C2
C3
PANS
(PSTN protocol:
AN side)
C4
[FEline_signal]
DISCONNECT
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE
ESTABLISH
ESTABLISH_ACK
PROTOCOL_PARAMETER
SIGNAL
SIGNAL_ACK
STATUS_ENQUIRY
. 7.11
:
FEsubscriber_seizure ( ),
FEsubscriber_release ( ),
FEline_information ( ),
FEline_signal ( ).
( C1)
.
, (FEline_information)
,
.
( C1 C2)
, (
, ..).
C3 C4 3 PANS
2 .
PANS 7 :
AN1 (null).
ESTABLISH c .
10 - Chap 7.p65
192
21.07.2005, 15:54
193
AN1
NULL
FE
subscriber
seizure
FE
line
information
T1
T1
ESTABLISH
ESTABLISH
ESTABLISH
ACK
AN2
AN4
PATH INITIATED
by AN
FE
linesignal
1/2
AN1
PATH ACTIVE
DISCONNECT
COMPLETE
STATUS
AN5
LINE INFORMATION
1/2
PROTOCOL
PARAMETER
S(S), S(A), S(R)
ESTABLISH
FE
linesignal
ESTABLISH
ACK
NULL
[*]
STATUS
ESTABLISH
AN4
AN1
LINE INFORMATION
AN4
NULL
LINE INFORMATION
AN2
(path initiated by AN). ,
, ESTABLISH
ESTABLISH_ACK.
13. ..
10 - Chap 7.p65
193
21.07.2005, 15:54
10 - Chap 7.p65
194
21.07.2005, 15:54
PATH INITIATED
by AN
AN2
T2
ESTABLISH
1/2
PATH ACTIVE
AN5
1/2
S(S), S(A), S(R)
ESTABLISH
ACK
PATH ACTIVE
AN5
1/2
S(S), S(A), S(R)
ESTABLISH
ACK
ESTABLISH
PATH INITIATED
by AN
AN2
AN1
NULL
DISCONNECT
COMPLETE
AN3
FE
subscriber
release
PATH INITIATED
by AN
AN2
PATH INITIATED
by AN
AN2
STATUS
PROTOCOL
PARAMETER
10 - Chap 7.p65
195
21.07.2005, 15:54
PATH INITIATED
by AN
AN2
FE
linesignal
FE
subscriber
seizure
AN1
NULL
T1/T2
PATH ACTIVE
AN5
FE
linesignal
1/2
S(S), S(A), S(R)
ESTABLISH
ACK
ESTABLISH
AN3
DISCONNECT
REQUEST
AN7
DISCONNECT
1/2
ESTABLISH
ACK
AN3
PATH ABORT REQUEST
AN3
STATUS
PROTOCOL
PARAMETER
AN1
NULL
DISCONNECT
COMPLETE
10 - Chap 7.p65
196
21.07.2005, 15:54
PATH ACTIVE
AN5
1
?
S(S)
?
AN5
PATH ACTIVE
DISCONNECT
REQUEST
AN7
AN1
NULL
DISCONNECT
COMPLETE
PATH ACTIVE
AN5
r
?
S(R)
DISCONNECT
REQUEST
AN7
r/t
DISCONNECT
M(S)=S(R)?
FE
linesignal
SIGNAL
PATH ACTIVE
AN5
S(A)=S(S)
S(A)=M(R)
M(R)
?
SIGNAL_ACK
DISCONNECT
REQUEST
AN7
DISCONNECT
PATH ACTIVE
AN5
1
?
S(R)
DISCONNECT
REQUEST
AN7
r, t
DISCONNECT
M(S)=S(R)?
PROTOCOL
PARAMETER
DISCONNECT
REQUEST
AN7
DISCONNECT
S(S)
DISCONNECT
SIGNAL_ACK
SIGNAL
M(S)=S(S)
FE
line
signal
PATH ACTIVE
AN5
197
AN7
DISCONNECT
REQUEST
DISCONNECT
COMPLETE
DISCONNECT
STATUS ENQUIRY
PROTOCOL
PARAMETER
STATUS
DISCONNECT
AN7
AN1
DISCONNECT
REQUEST
AN1
NULL
AN7
NULL
DISCONNECT
REQUEST
AN7
DISCONNECT
REQUEST
AN3
(path abort request).
, ESTABLISH ,
ESTABLISH_ ,
.
AN4 .
FEline_information
ESTABLISH.
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE.
AN1,
AN1.
AN5 (path active).
AN6 (port blocked).
,
, . ( SDL
AN6 ,
.)
AN7 (disconnect re
quest). ,
DISCONNECT.
. 7.12 SDL
PANS SDL,
2 [55].
10 - Chap 7.p65
197
21.07.2005, 15:54
198
AN1
ESTABLISH,
ESTABLISH_ACK,
AN5.
AN5 , ,
(FEline_signal).
ESTABLISH ,
PANS AN1.
AN1 :
ESTABLISH_ACK PROTOCOL_PARAMETER,
, STATUS.
, FEsub
scriberseizure, , .
1 ES
TABLISH, AN2
.
,
FEline_signal. (
) FEline_signal
.
(FE line information) 1,
ESTABLISH
, AN4 (
).
AN2 ESTABLISH_,
,
AN5. ESTABL
ISH_ PROTOCOL_PARAMETER,
,
AN2.
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE,
, ,
AN1.
AN2 ESTABLISH,
,
.
, AN2.
, EST
ABLISH_, , ,
FEline_signal.
AN5 .
10 - Chap 7.p65
198
21.07.2005, 15:54
199
AN2 .
FEsubscriber_release
( ), AN3 (
PATH ABORT
REQUEST). AN2 1,
1
ESTABLISH.
ESTABLISH, 2,
AN2.
2: ESTABLISH 2.
AN3 ,
ESTABLISH_ACK
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE.
AN2. AN3
.
PROTOCOL_PARAMETER,
STATUS, .
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE,
AN1.
ESTABLISH_,
DISCONNECT, 1
2, 3, AN7
( ).
ESTABLISH ,
.
, .
ESTABLISH_,
, 1/2,
AN5.
AN4 ( )
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE,
AN1. ,
1 DISCONNECT_COMPLETE
, 2 ESTABLISH,
AN4.
AN5
.
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE,
AN1.
SIGNAL,
.
,
FEline_signal ,
1 S(R), Tr,
. AN5.
10 - Chap 7.p65
199
21.07.2005, 15:54
200
SIGNAL ,
DISCONNECT, 3,
1 2, AN7.
SIGNAL_ACK.
M(R) , t,
AN5.
, , AN7.
PROTO
COL_PARAMETER. , ,
FEline_signal,
SIGNAL, 1 S(S),
,
. 7.12. t
DISCONNECT, 3 AN7.
Tr
SIGNAL_ACK, AN5.
AN7 :
DISCONNECT DISCONNECT_COMPLETE,
,
,
AN1. DISCONNECT
3
3:
DISCONNECT 3,
AN1 c
.
:
,
, , ,
.
, ,
.
. 7.12 SDL
PANS :
1=4 ESTAB
LISH_ACK DISCONNECT_COMPLETE.
ES
TABLISH 2;
2=(530 ) ES
TABLISH_ACK DISCONNECT_COMPLETE.
;
10 - Chap 7.p65
200
21.07.2005, 15:54
201
3=2 DISCONNECT
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE. .
3
;
r=5 SIGNAL
PROTOCOL_PARAMEMER;
t=10 SIGNAL.
7.5
.
(DTMF),
, ,
DTMF
.
V5
3, .
. 7.13 LES (PSTN proto
col: Local Exchange Side)
, . 7.14 SDL
.
FE,
,
LE
PLES ( C7 C8). ,
SDL ,
.
:
V5:
FEestablish_request,
FEestablish_indication,
FEestablish_acknowledge,
FEestablish_acknowledge_indication;
:
FEline_signal_request,
FEline_signal_indication;
10 - Chap 7.p65
201
21.07.2005, 15:54
202
V5:
FEdisconnect_request,
FEdisconect_complete_request,
FEdisconnect_complete_indication;
:
FEprotocol_parameter_request.
BLOCK: PLES
*/ V5
. ETS 300 3241:1994.
/
/*
DISCONNECT
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE
ESTABLISH
ESTABLISH_ACK
SIGNAL
SIGNAL_ACK
STATUS
FEresource_unavailable
FEdisconnect_complete_indication
FEestablish_indication
FEestablish_ack_indication
FEline_signal_indication
C5
C7
PLES
(PSTN protocol:
LE side)
C6
DISCONNECT
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE
ESTABLISH
ESTABLISH_ACK
PROTOCOL_PARAMETER
SIGNAL
SIGNAL_ACK
STATUS_ENQUIRY
C8
FEdisconnect_complete_request
FEdisconnect_request
FEestablish_ack
FEestablish_request
FEline_signal_request
FEprotocol_parameter_request
. 7.13
SDL PLES.
, indication
PLES ,
request ( FEestablish_acknowledge,
response) .
PLES
:
LE1 (null).
10 - Chap 7.p65
202
21.07.2005, 15:54
203
LE2
(path initiated by LE). ,
ESTABLISH.
LE3
(path initiated by AN). ES
TABLISH ESTABLISH_.
LE4 (path active),
.
LE5 (path disconnect
request). , A
DISCONNECT.
,
DISCONNECT_COMPLETE.
,
PLES, SDL
. 7.14. SDL
,
PLES:
1=2 ESTAB
LISH DISCONNECT_COMPLETE.
ESTABLISH_ACK.
,
ESTABLISH, 1 .
1
ESTABLISH_ACK DISCON
NECT 3;
3=2 DISCON
NECT. .
LE5 PLES (
AN7 PANS) ,
3,
:
3 ,
DISCONNECT;
;
4=2 STATUS
ENQUIRY. ;
r=5 SIGNAL;
t=10 SIGNAL
PROTOCOL_PARAMEER.
10 - Chap 7.p65
203
21.07.2005, 15:54
204
LE1
NULL
ESTABLISH
FE
establish_
indication
DISCONNECT
FE
establish_
request
DISCONNECT
COMPLETE
ESTABLISH
LE3
FE
establish_
ack
FE
establish_
request
ESTABLISH
ACK
ESTABLISH
LE1
LE2
PATH INITIATED
by AN
NULL
FE
disconnect_
complete_
request
ESTABLISH
ACK
DISCONNECT
COMPLETE
PATH INITIATED
by LE
ESTABLISH
FE
establish_
ack
FE
establish_
indication
FE
establish_ack_
indication
ESTABLISH
ACK
DISCONNECT
LE4
PATH ACTIVE
LE2
LE1
PATH INITIATED
by LE
LE4
NULL
PATH ACTIVE
LE2
PATH INITIATED
by LE
LE4
LE5
PATH ACTIVE
PATH DISCONNECT
REQUEST
ESTABLISH
LE2
PATH INITIATED
by LE
, , PLES
SDL,
,
PANS PLES. [83]
:
AN/ESTABLISH/Steadysignal:offhook
, ;
LE/ESTABLISH/Cadencedringing
,
;
LE/ESTABLISH/Steadysignal:normalpolarity
.
10 - Chap 7.p65
204
21.07.2005, 15:54
10 - Chap 7.p65
205
21.07.2005, 15:54
PATH ACTIVE
LE4
Tr
?
S(R)
M(S)=S(R)
FE
line_signal_
indication
SIGNAL
PATH ACTIVE
LE4
S()=S(S)?
PATH DISCONNECT
REQUEST
LE5
Tt, r
DISCONNECT
PATH ACTIVE
LE4
Tt
?
S(S)
S(S)
SIGNAL
M(S)=S(S)
FE
line_signal_
request
PATH DISCONNECT
REQUEST
LE5
Tt, r
3
DISCONNECT
PATH ACTIVE
LE4
Tt
?
S(S)
S(S)
PROTOCOL
PARAMETER
M(S)=S(S)
FE
protocol_
parameter_
request
PATH DISCONNECT
REQUEST
LE5
Tt, r
3
DISCONNECT
PATH ACTIVE
LE4
SIGNAL
ACK
Tr
PATH DISCONNECT
REQUEST
LE5
Tt, r
DISCONNECT
S()=(R)
M(R)
SIGNAL
ACK
PATH ACTIVE
LE4
PATH DISCONNECT
REQUEST
LE5
Tt, r
DISCONNECT
Tt
206
LE5
PATH DISCONNECT
REQUEST
DISCONNECT
COMPLETE
T3
FE
disconnect_
complete_
indication
DISCONNECT
LE1
LE5
NULL
PATH DISCONNECT
REQUEST
LE1
NULL
:
LE/DISCONNECT/ ,
;
PANS AN1;
AN/DISCONNECT/ ,
, PANS LE/
ESTABLISH_ACK/ AN/ESTABLISH/Steady
signal:offhook;
AN/DISCONNECT_COMPLETE/ LE/DISCON
NECT_COMPLETE/
DISCONNECT;
AN/ESTABLISH_ACK/ LE/ ESTABLISH_ ACK/
ESTABLISH.
SIGNAL:
AN/SIGNAL/Digitsignal:value+noacknowledgement
, ,
;
AN/SIGNAL/Steadysignal:offhook ,
;
LE/SIGNAL/Steadysignal:normalpolarity ,
(
10 - Chap 7.p65
206
21.07.2005, 15:54
207
)
;
LE/SIGNAL/Steadysignal:stopringing ,
.
7.6
PANS PLES
.
,
.
.
,
V5 ,
,
. ,
FEline_signal, ,
V5, ..
V5 .
,
, ..
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
V5 .
, , ,
, 3
.
4 , ( )
.
,
(
) .
10 - Chap 7.p65
207
21.07.2005, 15:54
208
,
. ,
.
,
,
6.
,
STATUS
, ,
, (
0000001 ).
,
. 3 ,
, ,
.
,
(
).
.
, ,
,
,
. ,
, .
STATUS
, ,
, .
, V5
,
STATUS
,
,
,
10 - Chap 7.p65
208
21.07.2005, 15:54
209
.
, ,
,
STATUS ,
,
.
,
,
,
, ,
,
..
,
,
7.4 7.5 .
, , 3
3 ,
.
SIGNAL PROTOCOL_PARAMETER,
FEline_signal FEprotocol_parameter, ,
, .
SIGNAL PROTO
COL_PARAMETER :
,
, (
), SIGNAL_. (,
, , ,
PROTOCOL_PARAMETER .)
128, .. 0 127.
V5
, S(S)
.
, , S(S) 1.
, S(A)
,
14. ..
10 - Chap 7.p65
209
21.07.2005, 15:54
210
, .. ,
. , S(S)S(A)
,
.
,
,
M(S). ,
, ,
, M(S),
S(S).
3
, S(R)
. , M(S) S(R),
S(R) 1.
,
, ,
,
M(R), M(R)
S(R). ,
, M(R),
S(A) M(R) S(S).
SDL PANS PLES
,
. S(S) , Tt
Tr
DISCONNECT. S(S) Tt
, , Tt
, .
SDL ,
3 SIGNAL_ACK
M(R)
S(R). 3 SIGNAL
M(S) S(R). M(S)
S(R), , S(R)
1. M(S) S(R), Tt Tr
.
SIGNAL_ACK M(R)
. M(R) , Tt Tr
DISCONNECT. M(R)
, S(A),
M(R).
10 - Chap 7.p65
210
21.07.2005, 15:54
211
7.7
4.7, DSS1,
V5, .
V5 ETSI.
V5
(
), ,
. ,
,
.
. ISDN ,
,
1, ,
, ETSI. ,
V5, 7.18.
7.18
,
;
;
;
;
(16 );
;
(16 )
715385;
2838489
45.5495
, 7.19.
, . ,
, , ETSI,
.
10 - Chap 7.p65
211
21.07.2005, 15:54
212
7.19
ESTABLISH
()
Steady Signal
Line Information
Cadencedringing
Pulse Signal
Off_Hook
adenced_ringing_type
(0, 1, 2)
Pulse type=Initial ring,
Suppression indication (11),
Pulse duration type (1),
Acknowledge request indicator (10),
Number of pulses (1)
Digit Signal
Sequenceresponce
Pulse notification
Steady Signal
Reserved polarity
Steady Signal
Normal polarity
Cadencedringing
Steady Signal
Stop ringing
Pulse Signal
Pulse Signal
SIGNAL ACK
STATUS ENQUIRY
STATUS
DISCONNECT
COMPLETE
PROTOCOL
PARAMETER
LEAN
LEAN
( 1)
ANLE
ANLE
LEAN
(
ANLE
(
ANLE
(
LEAN
(
LEAN
(
Steady Signal
Steady Signal
Autonomous signalling
Sequence type (1)
sequence
DISCONNECT
ANLE
ANLE
ANLE, LEAN
ESABLISH ACK
SIGNAL
2)
3)
4)
5)
5)
LEAN
( 5)
LEAN
( 5)
LEAN
ANLE, LEAN
LEAN
ANLE
ANLE, LEAN
LEAN
ANLE, LEAN
Recognition Time
Signal
(Pulsed signal = register recall).
Duration type (1)
LEAN
( 6)
7.19 :
1)
,
( DTMF).
,
10 - Chap 7.p65
212
21.07.2005, 15:54
213
.
(),
500 ,
V5 .
2) ,
,
.
, ,
,
(,
).
.
4 . 0001
.
3)
.
4)
, R
( ) 1
.
5)
.
,
,
.
,
.
.
.
6) ,
,
.
SDL
,
.
V5.
10 - Chap 7.p65
213
21.07.2005, 15:54
214
,
.
.
, AN/
SIGNAL/Steady_signal:On_hook.
LE/DISCONNECT,
AN/DISCONNECT_COMPLETE.
, ,
AN/SIGNAL/Steady_sig
nal:On_hook,
.
.
10 - Chap 7.p65
214
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5.2
.
8.1
(BCC Bearer Channel Connection rotocol).
V5.2
.
V5.2,
, .
V5.1 V5.2. V5.1
,
. V5.2 .
; ,
.
V5.2
,
, . ,
11 - Chap 8.p65
215
21.07.2005, 15:54
216
.
, ,
, , ,
bearer channel connections .
,
BCC
,
V5.2.
, , ,
, V5.2
.
, . ,
,
,
.
:
1) V5.2,
ISDN
;
2) ,
, ,
V5.2 ISDN
(, ) ,
V5.2
(, );
3) ,
.
,
.
( Q),
V5,
.
V5.2
n 64 /, n
11 - Chap 8.p65
216
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5.2
217
1 30,
0, 11 .
. DSS1 0 11
V5.2,
n 64 /.
V5.2,
.
V5.2.
, , ,
, , V5.2.
BCC, ,
,
,
. (
)
V5.2, ..
,
,
V5.2. , V5.2
16 2048 /c.
. 8.1.
2 3
, .
S, ,
. ,
,
, ,
, , , S
.
8
1
1
S ( )
0
0
( )
2
3
4
. 8.1
11 - Chap 8.p65
217
21.07.2005, 15:54
218
V5.2 ,
.
,
.
,
.
8.1.
,
, , ,
,
.
, AN_FAULT PROTOCOL_ERROR,
.
8.1
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6 5 4 3 2
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 1
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 0 1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
ALLOCATION ()
ALLOCATION_COMPLETE ( )
ALLOCATION_REJECT ( )
DEALLOCATION ( )
DEALLOCATION_COMPLETE ( )
DEALLOCATION_REJECT ( )
AUDIT ()
AUDIT_COMPLETE ( )
AN_FAULT ( )
AN_FAULT_ACK ( AN_FAULT)
PROTOCOL_ERROR ( )
V5.2
ALLOCATION.
, ,
.
.
,
.
ISDN, ,
ISDN. ISDN
11 - Chap 8.p65
218
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5.2
219
5 .
ISDN 1 31
1 (00001) 31 (11111). 1
1 (00001), 2 2 (00010).
,
ISDN,
V5,
V5.2, .
,
.
ALLOCATION 8.2.
,
M (Mandatory)
O (Option).
8.2 ALLOCATION
ISDN
V5
1
2
1
4
3
4
11
ISDN ,
ISDN,
.
V5 ,
.
11
(. 8.2)
V5.2 ,
(n 64 /c)
ISDN ( ).
2048 /.
ISDN /c,
V5.2 (
).
V5
,
11 - Chap 8.p65
219
21.07.2005, 15:54
220
.
, ,
,
, .
8
2048 / V5.2
V5TS31
V5TS30
V5TS29
V5TS28
V5TS27
V5TS26
V5TS25
V5TS24 4
V5TS23
V5TS22
V5TS21
V5TS20
V5TS19
V5TS18
V5TS17
V5TS16 5
V5TS15
V5TS14
V5TS13
V5TS12
V5TS11
V5TS10
V5TS9
V5TS8
V5TS7
V5TS6
V5TS5
V5TS4
V5TS3
V5TS2
V5TS1
UPTS9
UPTS8
10
UPTS7
UPTS1
11
UPTS6
UPTS5
UPTS4
UPTS3
UPTS2
,
. 256. 4 7
V5.2,
.
( ),
4 7 1, 0.
8 11 ISDN
( ),
4 7 V5.2.
,
8 11 1,
0.
,
V5.2
( 8.3).
8.3 ALLOCATION COMPLETE
1
2
1
AL
LOCATION, ,
11 - Chap 8.p65
220
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5.2
221
ALLOCATION_REJECT
. ,
( 8.4), .
,
V5.
. ,
.
, ,
, ,
, ,
.
DEALLOCATION ,
,
, DEAL
LOCATION, .
DEALLOCATION 8.5.
ISDN
V5.2 ISDN
.
V5.2
ISDN, ,
.
8.4 ALLOCATION_REJECT
1
2
1
3 14
8.5 DEALLOCATION
ISDN
V5
1
2
1
4
3
4
11
DEALLOCA
TION_COMPLETE. ,
11 - Chap 8.p65
221
21.07.2005, 15:54
222
,
, ,
.
DEALLOCATION_REJECT,
3 14 ,
,
.
AUDIT ( 8.6)
,
, . ,
, ,
V5.2.
,
,
.
8.6 AUDIT
ISDN
V5
1
2
1
4
3
4
AUDIT_COM
PLETE ( AUDIT),
,
, .
AUDIT_COMPLETE
(
V5),
, ,
.
, .
,
, .
,
,
AN_FAULT. AN_FAULT
ALLOCATION DEALLOCATION
, ,
(
11 - Chap 8.p65
222
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5.2
223
ISDN) V5.2
, . AN_FAULT
AN_FAULT_ACKNOWLEGE,
, , .
,
PROTOCOL_ERROR (
8.7.).
,
, , ,
.
8.7 PROTOCOL_ERROR
1
2
1
3 5
, ,
,
,
,
,
,
.
ETS 300 3471.
8.2 V5.2
, V5.2
( 16) 2048 /.
V5.1 ,
,
.
, , ,
,
, .
.
,
.
11 - Chap 8.p65
223
21.07.2005, 15:54
224
a
:
V5.2
.
,
,
,
.
, ,
.
,
.
V5 . 8.3.
LINK_CONTROL LINK_CONTROL_ACK.
, LINK_CONTROL_ACK
, , (
, ),
2 .
8
3 ( )
0
1
2
3
4
5
. 8.3
V5.2
(Linkcontrol
function).
LINK_ CONTROL:
Linkidentificationrequest ().
,
, ,
, ,
, .
,
. ,
11 - Chap 8.p65
224
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5.2
225
,
V5.2 ,
.
, ,
. , ,
,
, V5
.
LINK_CONTROL: Linkidentificationrejection (
). . 8.4.
LINK_CONTROL: Linkidentificationrequest
LINK_CONTROL: Linkidentificationacknowledgement
LINK_CONTROL: Linkidentificationrelease
LINK_CONTROL: Linkidentificationrequest
LINK_CONTROL: Linkidentificationrejection
. 8.4
,
LINK_CON
TROL: Linkidentificationacknowledgement,
.
0 7 .
, ,
,
LINK_CONTROL: Linkidentificationrelease.
, .
7
1.
LINK_CONTROL: Deferredlinkblockingre
quest ()
LINK_CONTROL: Nondeferredlinkblockingrequest (
). LINK_CONTROL: Deferred
linkblockingrequest , ,
15. ..
11 - Chap 8.p65
225
21.07.2005, 15:54
226
,
. LINK_CON
TROL: Nondeferredlinkblockingrequest ,
, ,
(. 8.5).
, LINK_CONTROL: Non
deferredlinkblockingrequest
LINK_CONTROL: Linkblock, , ..
,
, .
LINK_CONTROL: Deferredlinkblockingrequest
LINK_CONTROL: Nondeferredlinkblockingrequest
LINK_CONTROL: Linkblock
LINK_CONTROL: Linkblock
. 8.5
,
, ,
V5. ,
,
BCC,
,
,
.
LINK_CONTROL: Linkblock,
, .
,
, V5
.
,
LINK_CONTROL: Linkunblock.
, LINK_CONTROL:
Linkunblock.
11 - Chap 8.p65
226
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5.2
227
8.3 V5.2
6.2 6
V5.2 V5.1. ,
( V5.2)
: ,
, :
, .
, , , ...
, ;
, , (, . 4,
. 912).
V5.2,
,
.
, , , .
, a
,
, .
, ,
, ..
.
,
V5.2. ,
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
2048 /.
2 V5 (..
,
, , ,
). ,
,
, 1. ,
1
, .
,
.
. V5
,
11 - Chap 8.p65
227
21.07.2005, 15:54
228
, .
. 8.6. a
V5.2 ,
V5, a
,
( 8.8).
8
( )
( )
4
5
. 8.6
8.8
K
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 0 K
SWITCH_OVER_REQ
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 K K SWITCH_OVER_COM
K K
OS_SWITCH_OVER_COM
0 0 1 1 0 1 0
SWITCH_OVER_ACK
0 0 1 1 0 1 1
K
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 K K
SWITCH_OVER_REJECT
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 K K
PROTOCOL_ERROR
K
RESET_SN_COM
0 0 1 1 1 1 0
K
RESET_SN_ACK
0 0 1 1 1 1 1
K
AN LE
8.8
.
.
,
Sequencenumber (
).
,
. ,
,
PhysicalCchannel (C).
11 - Chap 8.p65
228
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5.2
229
, SWITCH_OVER_REJECT
Rejectioncause,
, .
,
,
,
.
, OS_SWITCH_OVER_COM,
.
SWITCH_OVER_COM,
, ,
.
[83], ,
,
.
.8.7.
OS_SWITCH_OVER_COM
SWITCH_OVER_ACK
SWITCH_OVER_COM
SWITCH_OVER_ACK
. 8.7
SWITCH_OVER_ACK,
.
, SWITCH_OVER_REJECT.
SWITCH_ OVER_REQ,
.
,
SWITCH_OVER_REJECT,
11 - Chap 8.p65
229
21.07.2005, 15:54
230
.
,
.
V5.2
.
,
RESET_SN_COM, ,
. ,
RESET_SN_COM, RESET_SN_ACK,
, 0.
,
, ..
.
.
( 2
3 . 8.6) 0 (..
0).
V5.2
PROTOCOL_ERROR,
Protocolerrorcause (),
. 8.9.
, PROTOCOL_ERROR
.
, , ,
,
.
8.9
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11 - Chap 8.p65
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
3
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
230
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5.2
231
8.4
,
V5.2.
,
,
V5.1 V5.2
,
.
,
V5,
.
V5
. . ,
PORT_CONTROL COMMON_CONTROL,
, ,
. PORT_ CONTROL_ACK
COMMON_CONTROL_ACK .
V5 6.3 6
. , ,
ISDN.
, 3,
,
.
,
,
.
PORT_CONTROL PORT_ CONTROL_ACK
(Controlfunctionelement).
PORT_CONTROL
, ISDN ,
, ISDN:
, ,
.
.
, PORT_CONTROL: performancegrading
.
,
, ,
11 - Chap 8.p65
231
21.07.2005, 15:54
232
. ,
V5 .
,
, ISDN
ISDN ,
.
.
, ,
, AN/
PORT_CONTROL: blockrequest. LE/
PORT_CONTROL: block, , ,
, .
AN/PORT_CONTROL:
block .
AN/PORT_CONTROL: blockrequest
,
AN/PORT_CONTROL: block
.
,
,
.. . ,
PORT_CONTROL: block.
,
PORT_CONTROL: unblock.
,
PORT_CONTROL: block
AN/PORTCONTROL: blockrequest
PORT_CONTROL: unblock.
,
V5
ITUT X.731 ,
TMN.
.731 V5 ,
.
COMMON_CONTROL COMMON_CONTROL_ACK
(controlfunctionID).
,
, ,
.
COMMON_CONTROL: notreadyforreprovisioning (
) COMMON_CONTROL: cannotreprovision (
)
11 - Chap 8.p65
232
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5.2
233
11 - Chap 8.p65
233
21.07.2005, 15:54
234
, ,
, ,
.
, ,
.
.
,
V5,
,
.
V5 ,
COMMON_CONTROL: restart.
COMMON_CONTROL: restartacknowledge.
, COMMON_CONTROL: restart COMMON_CONTROL: re
startacknowledge, ,
, , COMMON_CON
TROL_ACK: restart COMMON_CONTROL_ACK: restartacknowledge.
( 2
3) ,
. , ,
, .
,
,
.
PROTOCOL_ERROR
[83] ,
.
, , , .
11 - Chap 8.p65
234
21.07.2005, 15:54
9
X.25
.
, .
..
9.1
OSI. ,
, , ,
.25,
, , .
,
(OSI Open Systems Interconnec
tion), 1984
ISO
ITUT,
(),
.
OSI . 9.1.
OSI
, ,
, , ,
. , OSI,
(layers) ,
.
, . ,
,
. ,
, ,
.
12 - Chap 9.p65
235
21.07.2005, 15:54
236
,
,
.
. 9.1 OSI
1 ( )
,
,
.
( , BER)
1 .
2 ( )
(
), 1
.
2
, 1,
.
12 - Chap 9.p65
236
21.07.2005, 15:54
X.25
237
3 ( )
, ,
,
, (,
, ) .
4 ( )
( )
( )
,
,
.
, , , 3
.
5 ( )
( )
. ,
5: ,
.
6 ( )
. , , ASCII EBCDIC
.
7 ( ) ,
,
A B (. 9.1), ,
, OSI.
OSI,
.
, 13
(
, , )
. 47
,
.
,
, ,
/ .
, , N ( N
), ,
12 - Chap 9.p65
237
21.07.2005, 15:54
238
, .. ,
( N N).
N ,
(
,
).
entity,
.
, N ( N
, , , , N
) , N
(N+1).
,
. ,
,
.
,
(,
, ).
,
,
A B. (N+1) ,
(, A),
(N+1) ,
(, B). (N+1)
, B, , ,
. ,
, (peertopeer communication).
(N+1), A,
N A. (N+1) A
N ,
, (N+1)
B. N A
(N1) , , ,
(N2) ..,
1,
, A B.
1 B, ,
2
12 - Chap 9.p65
238
21.07.2005, 15:54
X.25
239
, 3 ..
,
(N+1) B.
, , .
(N+1) B A
N, (N1) .. B,
1 A , ,
A
B .
A ,
(N+1).
. 9.2, ,
,
.
(N+1)
(N+1)
(N+1)
N
N
. 9.2
(N)
(N)
. , (N),
(N)PDU
(protocol data units).
(N)PDU (N)
(N1) PDU
(N1)SDU (service data units),
(N1). (N1)
(N1)
12 - Chap 9.p65
239
21.07.2005, 15:54
240
(N1),
(N1)SDU (N1)PDU,
(N1)SDU (N1)
PCI (protocol control information). , (N1)PDU
(N2) ..
. 9.3.
(N)
(N)PDU
(N1)
(N1)SDU
(N)
(N-1)-PDU
(N1)PCI
(N1)
(N1)PDU
(N2)
. 9.3
9.2 .25
.25
OSI,
.
.25
.
() , ,
,
.
.25 DTE (Data
Terminal Equipment)
DCE (Data CircuitTerminating Equipment),
.
.25 6
1976 .,
1980 1984 . 80 .25
,
. ISDN,
3, 4 ,
.25.
X.25
LAPB (Link Access Protocol
12 - Chap 9.p65
240
21.07.2005, 15:54
X.25
241
Balanced),
.
, LAPB
,
2 (), ,
,
. ,
X.25, ,
, , ,
. ,
,
.
.25 ( 60
) ,
. X.25 ,
.
, , X.25
, ,
, Frame Relay ( ).
.75
X.25
.75
.75
X.25
X.25
PAD
.75
. 9.4
. 9.4 .25
.75
PAD,
(SNA, ..) .25.
X.25 ,
16. ..
12 - Chap 9.p65
241
21.07.2005, 15:54
242
X.75
. , X.75
,
.
, X.75
, X.25 ,
.
9.3 .25
.25 ,
OSI (. 9.5).
.25 DTE DCE.
.25 X21
X21.
,
HDLC (Highlevel Data Link Con
trol Procedure),
. .25
LAPB. ,
.
HDLC X25
. LAPB
DCE DTE.
( LAPD) . LAPB
3 .25, ,
,
ISDN. 3 .25
LAPD.
,
,
.
, .
.
.25 , . 9.6 [59].
/ 3 ,
. a 3
. 4
DTE, . .
( 16 ).
12 - Chap 9.p65
242
21.07.2005, 15:54
X.25
243
OSI
X.25
1
2
3
4
. 9.6 .25:
.25 OSI
, , .25
. .25
,
. DTE
4095 . ,
15 255 .
,
.
.
DTE DCE.
, DTE,
.
. ,
(Virtual
Call service, VC)
(Permanent Virtual Circuit service, PVC).
12 - Chap 9.p65
243
21.07.2005, 15:54
244
(virtual calls)
, ..
,
.
DTE, DE
.
X25 .
.
DCE
DCE, DTE,
. DTE
, DTE
, , DTE.
DTE
. ,
,
DTE ,
.
DTE, .
(permanent virtual circuit)
DTE
.
,
, , .
9.4 .25
.25 ,
,
.
.25
. ,
,
(MMSW) DX
200 Nokia.
.25
( ) .
().
:
IV
1913 [45].
12 - Chap 9.p65
244
21.07.2005, 15:54
X.25
245
13.03.92, ,
, ,
19 : Quis custodiet ipsos cus
todes? ( ?).
.25
, ISDN.
ISDN , .25
ISDN. .25 ISDN
31. ,
.25 ISDN (
ISDN).
,
Case A, ISDN .25
( )
.25. DTE .25
ISDN DCE .25
. ISDN
D
ISDN. D ISDN ,
DCE DTE
ISDN 3 .25.
.25.
Case
.25 ISDN. DTE
ISDN, ISDN
DCE .25.
ISDN.
ISDN
LAPB
, LAPB LAPD
D.
ISDN
.25,
,
. ISDN, 1988 .,
.25
Frame Relay,
.
.
12 - Chap 9.p65
245
21.07.2005, 15:54
12 - Chap 9.p65
246
21.07.2005, 15:54
10
, : ,
, ,
(.1, .411)
13 - Chap 10.p65
247
21.07.2005, 15:54
248
10
/IP
Sun NFS (Network File System)
.
,
, , /IP.
/IP
.
,
OSI
.
, ,
,
/IP.
.10.1, IP
OSI,
/IP
.
.25,
OSI.
OSI
TCP/IP
(SMTP)
(FTP)
(Telnet)
TP
4
UDP
IP
ARP
Ethernet
13 - Chap 10.p65
248
21.07.2005, 15:54
249
OSI
CP/IP , ,
CP/IP
SI.
SI
,
, , , . ,
, .25
,
. ,
,
, ,
.
SI
.
,
(LOGIN)
. , ,
.
.
. , , ,
;
.
OSI
/IP, ,
.
CP/IP
SI, .10.1. ,
FTP,
, FTAM, CP/IP,
,
.400, OSI.
, ,
,
.
.
/IP OSI
13 - Chap 10.p65
249
21.07.2005, 15:54
250
10
.
,
,
. , ,
FTAM FTP .400 SMTP.
,
(transportservice bridge). ,
, OSI /IP
.
OSI, , /IP.
. TCP/IP , ,
100 ,
. TCP/IP
,
,
.
10.2 TCP
( Transmission Control Pro
tocol)
OSI, .
. ,
, ,
,
.
.
,
.
TCP, UDP,
, TCP ,
, UDP
.
IP,
X.25, ISDN Frame Relay.
10.7 FTP,
TELNET, NNTP .
PDU, .
PDU
. PDU,
13 - Chap 10.p65
250
21.07.2005, 15:54
251
TCP IP, .
PDU,
IP Ethernet. ,
, , UDP,
IP .
, . ,
.
,
,
,
.
, , .
,
, ,
. IP
, . ,
. ,
,
: Ethernet
, IP .
. 10.2.
(source port) (destina
tion port) .
(16 )
(16 )
(32 )
(32 )
C U A P R S F
(6 ) R C S S Y I
(4 )
G K H T N N
(16 )
(16 )
(16 )
()
()
. 10.2
, TCP
, ,
,
. ,
IP ,
13 - Chap 10.p65
251
21.07.2005, 15:54
252
10
.
16 , ,
TCP (, FTP, TELNET,
SMTP, POP3 ..). 0 255
, 255
.
,
TCP: FTP 20; FTP 21; TELNET 23;
SMTP 25; 42;
53; POP2 109.
(sequence number) 32
, .
TCP,
.
,
, .
(acknowledgement number)
.
(4 ) ,
TCP, .. 32
, .
, ,
TCP. URG
,
. (16
),
, , .
ACK
,
.
PSH .
,
. RST
. ,
, , ,
. SYN
, ,
,
. FIN ,
,
. (16 )
. ,
.
13 - Chap 10.p65
252
21.07.2005, 15:54
253
, .
, .
(checksum) 16
, .
, IP
IP,
.
, ,
. , 32
.
.
OPEN
IP .
OPEN
, .
SYN ,
.
, FIN.
, , ,
, PUSH
. PUSH
,
.
,
.
, ,
.
13 - Chap 10.p65
253
21.07.2005, 15:54
254
10
UDP. UDP ,
,
.
UDP .10.3
TP.
.
(source port) (destinaion port),
(length) (hecksum).
, , ,
(,
). , .
(16 )
(16 )
UDP (16 )
UPD (16 )
. 10.3 UDP
( ),
. 8.
UDP 16
16 ( ).
. ,
, ,
,
. ,
,
.
ICMP (Internet Control Message
Protocol). TCP UDP, ICMP IP
,
ICMP IP,
.
. 10.4 ICMP.
ICMP IP
(Options) (Padding), TOS=0, Protocol=1.
ICMP ,
, ICMP,
13 - Chap 10.p65
254
21.07.2005, 15:54
255
, destination unreachable ( ).
13 .
(8 )
(8 )
UPD (16 )
. 10.4 ICMP
,
. ICMP
,
, PING (packet internetwork grou
per) TRACEROUTE,
.
ICMP
. ,
ICMP, , ,
. ,
ICMP IP,
, IP
.
10.4 IP
, IP
TCP. TCP
,
. ,
TCP, ,
IP. , ,
ICMP,
3 .
IP .10.5.
(version, 4 ) IP
IP, .
IP ,
IP, ,
. ,
IP,
13 - Chap 10.p65
255
21.07.2005, 15:54
256
10
.
4 6. (IHL Internet Header Length, 4 )
IP 32 .
5.
IP
IP
IP ()
. 10.5 IP
13 - Chap 10.p65
256
21.07.2005, 15:54
257
, IP .
.
, ,
, 65 535 , . .
2(161) .
IP .
, , 576 . 576
,
, (64 )
( 512 ).
(Identification, 16 )
, ,
.
, , .
(flags) (fragmentation)
, ,
, IP
.
,
. 3 :
, ,
.
64 . .
(TTL Time to live) ,
,
.
1
,
.
,
.
, ,
ICMP.
(protocol, 8 ) ,
IP. , TCP/IP,
. 10.1
,
. ,
17. ..
13 - Chap 10.p65
257
21.07.2005, 15:54
258
10
. (Header checksum, 16
)
.
, IP
. IP,
IP
.
IP .
10.1 ""
1
2
3
6
8
9
17
(ICMP)
(IGMP)
(GGP)
(TCP)
(EGP)
(IGP)
(UDP)
(,
), ,
. ,
IP, , .
, .
, IP
(padding), 32
.
IP IP
.
.
IP
, ,
,
IP.
, ,
,
.
, IP.
. ,
IP. ,
, ,
13 - Chap 10.p65
258
21.07.2005, 15:54
259
. ,
, ..
.
,
. , IP,
.
IP, ,
. ,
, IP
.
3 SAP
(LLC).
IP, ,
Ethernet Token Ring. IP
(socket),
.
LLC
IP ,
.
(
IP)
( ).
UNIX
1960 .
,
IP .
, IP
2005 2010 . IP
, ,
, ,
[102].
,
2 .
IP (Iv4)
(IPng), Protocol ver
sion 6 (IPv6). IPv6 IP
128 32
IPv4,
296 . , IPv6
. (scope)
(multicast addressing)
(anycast address). IPv4,
.10.5,
13 - Chap 10.p65
259
21.07.2005, 15:54
260
10
. ,
, ;
,
. IPv6
.
(version, 4 ) , 6.
(prior, 4 )
. 16
: 0 7 ,
, 8
15 ,
. ,
email, FTP, NFS, TELNET, Xinteractive.
8 ,
, 15
, .
IP
IP
. 10.6 IPv6
(flow label, 24 )
, ,
IPv6. ,
, 0
.
,
( ).
,
. 0, ,
.
1 FFFFFF. ,
,
. ,
,
. , ,
13 - Chap 10.p65
260
21.07.2005, 15:54
261
, .
6 .
,
. ,
6 .
(payload length, 16 )
, .
0, 65535,
Jumbo Payload () HopbyHop
Options. IPv6
(total length) IPv4,
. (next header, 8
) ,
IPv6.
(protocol) IPv4
IP UDP.
, ,
IHL (Internet Header Lehgth). (hop
limit, 8 ) (time to live) IPv4.
1
, 0,
.
10.5
,
TCP/IP , IP
,
, .
IP ,
.
/IP
, , Ethernet. Ethernet
Xerox 1970
,
, ,
. Ethernet
.
/IP To
ken Ring LAN, WAN,
.25.
13 - Chap 10.p65
261
21.07.2005, 15:54
262
10
IP ,
(,
) ,
.
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol).
(SLIP)
.
, TCP/IP ,
.
SLIP ,
, . ,
.
SLIP IP (
, IP)
.
: END=192 ESC=219. SLIP
END.
. END,
ESC 220.
, ESC,
ESC 221.
END. PPP (PointtoPoint Protocol)
SLIP,
.
PPP HDLC ,
IP.
PPP LCP.
10.6 TCP/IP
, 10.1,
TCP/IP ,
, .
EGP, BGP, UGRP, OSPF, ARP
RARP CIDR.
,
FTP, TELNET NNTP.
, , ,
,
.
,
. ,
, (SMTP, POP3, IMAP4),
13 - Chap 10.p65
262
21.07.2005, 15:54
263
10.7 TCP/IP
, ,
, , , ,
,
13 - Chap 10.p65
263
21.07.2005, 15:54
264
10
, ,
.
,
,
IP , ,
,
IP.
,
, 10
, ,
.
,
, ,
6 .
ATM,
xDSL, 2
.
over TCP/IP.
,
7. ,
over TCP/IP
7
, .
,
. , ,
.
, over TCP/IP
IP INAP MAP.
.
, lia tempora, alia mores
, .
.
,
[105],
IP [106],
IP [107] .
13 - Chap 10.p65
264
21.07.2005, 15:54
11
,
11.1
.
SNT,
SNT7531, SNTlite, SNTsmart ,
,
1 ,
2 .
, ,
ANT5 (Access Netwrk Tester),
SNT7531 5 ,
V5.
7, .323 DSS1,
. 11.1 SNT.
14 - Chap 11.p65
265
21.07.2005, 15:54
266
11
SNT
, ,
,
,
V5, DSS1, .25 ( ), 7, R1.5, H.323,
MGCP, MEGACO/H.248, SIP, SIPT .
DSS1, QSIG
V5. V5
45. 6896, 19.07.1996 .
Q.511, Q.512 Q.513,
() [46].
6, V5
: 16, 15, 31.
SNT
. ISDN V.5,
ISDN, 8
..
.
.
/ ASCII .
.
14 - Chap 11.p65
266
21.07.2005, 15:54
2B+D
14 - Chap 11.p65
267
21.07.2005, 15:54
V5
V5
SN
. 11.2. SNT
WLL
,
267
268
11
DSS1 V5.
SNT V5
. 11.2,
, .
, .11.3 SNT
PRI BRI
DSS1.
ATC ISDN
BRI (DSS1)
PRI (DSS1,QSIG)
BRI (DSS1)
PRI (DSS1)
PRI (DSS1)
ATC ISDN
SNT
. 11.3. SNT
14 - Chap 11.p65
268
21.07.2005, 15:54
269
11.2
xDSL, , .
ISDN, V5, IP
. ,
V5,
, .11.4 . 11.5.
,
V5.1 V5.2. ,
,
1 V5.2,
SIP, MGCP, MEGACO/H.248.
,
BroadAccess (. 11.4) V5.2
, ,
.
,
VoD (VideoonDemand)
.
[110],
V5overTDM SIPoverIP (.11.5),
, ,
,
Softswitch CISCO . ,
,
,
.11.5.
14 - Chap 11.p65
269
21.07.2005, 15:54
14 - Chap 11.p65
270
21.07.2005, 15:54
2 : , BRI,
BroardAccess
(RU)
ATC
2, BRI
BroardAccess
(RU)
LAN
IP Router
G.703
ADSL modem:
10BaseT 8MB/s
2, BRI,
E1: 2BCK, BRI... Optical Modem:
E1 G.703
:
" " HDSL
" " PDH SDH
:
PDH, SDH, ATM
BRI, PRI
E1, FE1
BroardAccess
(RU)
FAX
. 11.4 BroadAccess
IP Router
Internet
:
ISDN
270
11
271
POTS
a/b
E1
V5.x, PRI
ISDN BRI
S
NT
POTS 1
SHDSL
IADA
POTS 8
SHDSL
IADD
10BaseT
SHDSL
IADE
IP
PRI
10BaseT
10BaseT
10BaseT
. 11.5.
, ,
,
. NGN
(, Web)
, .
,
,
.
(DSS1, QSIG .)
. . 11.1
,
DSS1.
14 - Chap 11.p65
271
21.07.2005, 15:54
272
11
11.1. DSS1
""
/1339
""
/1293
AlcatelOmniPCX4400
/1251
ANS
" "
/1344
Avaya Definity
Avaya
/1324
Avaya Definity
Avaya
/1359
Avaya IP Office
Avaya
/1331,
/1348
/1310
/1302
/1345
, K,
2 , BRI, PRI,
Ethernet 10/100 BaseT
( H.323, SIP)
2 , BRI, PRI
E1 (2048 /c) 2K,
PRI, 3
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
E1 (2048 /c) 2K,
PRI 3
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI,
3 , Ethernet
10/100 BaseT ( H.323, SIP)
2 , BRI, PRI,
Ethernet 10/100 BaseT
( H.323), X.21, V.35, V.24
2 , BRI, PRI
E1 (2048 /c) 2K,
PRI3
2 , BRI, PRI,
Ethernet 10/100 BaseT
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
3
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
3
BusinessPhone
Ericsson Enterprise AB
Coral
Tadiran Telecommunications
DCS
DRX4
""
/1312
ELTA200D
ELTAR
/1333
Harris 2020
/1298
Hicom 300E
"K"
/1232
HICOM300H
Siemens AG
"K"
/1269
/1328
HiPath3000
Siemens AG
/1315,
/1342
2 , BRI, PRI,
Ethernet 10/100 BaseT
( H.323)
/1341
2 , BRI, PRI
/1336
/1311
/1274
/1317
KAREL DS200s
LDK100
LDK300
"
"
Karel Electronik
LG Electronics Inc
LG Electronics Inc
MD110
Ericsson Enterprise AB
/1347
Meridian1
Nortel Networks
/1288
Integral
NEAX 2000/2400
NEC Corporation
/1306
NEAX 2400/7400
NEC Corporation
NEC Infrontia Corporation
(Nitsuko Corporation)
/1305
2 , BRI
2 , BRI, PRI
2 , PRI
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
3
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
3
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI, Ethernet
10/100 BaseT ( H.323)
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
/1292
2 , PRI
NITSUKO DXZ600
StarexCS
LG Electronics, Inc
OpenCom
DeTeWe
14 - Chap 11.p65
272
/1258
/1327
/1286,
/1332
21.07.2005, 15:54
273
11.1 ()
Panasonic KXTDA100RU,
Panasonic KXTDA200RU
SI2000SI2000,
SI2000 320
Teltronics 2020
Teltronics Inc.
/1334
/1155
/1329
/1295
, K,
2 , BRI, PRI,
Ethernet 10/100 BaseT
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
E1 (2048 /c) 2K,
PRI 3
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
3
E1 (2048 /c) 2K, PRI
3
" "
/1335
1024
"K "
/1289
""
/1318
/1265
K
SIA VEFKTR,
"",
"K",
"",
"
/1233
/1234
/1236
/1237
/1299
"2001"
/1326,
/1330
2 , PRI
K
" K"
/1325
100/140
""
/1309
200
""
/1297
DX500
""
/1250
D4000
" "
/1323
" "
/1316
""
/1313
""
""
/1291
/1304
/1343
/1 51
""
/1276
""
/1301
DSS1
,
.
,
[107] [111].
DSS1 , ,
.
18. ..
14 - Chap 11.p65
273
21.07.2005, 15:54
274
11
11.3
11 .
,
. , ,
WLL
VSM ,
V5.
CSM
2 DSS1,
ISDN DSS1.
, , 11.2
.
, .
,
VSM.
11.2
ISM
USM
CSM
RSM
SM
VSM
,
DSS1
K7, MTP,
ISUPR
E1 c
2K
,
DSS1
,
DSS1
K7, ,
ISUPR
.2
K7,
.1
.3,4
MTP, ISUPR
.10
.1
E1 c
.1
.10
2K
.4
.1
,
.2
.4
DSS1
.3,4
.2
.1
.3,4
.7
""
.2
.25
.2
.3,4
()
.9
.1
.2
V5
.10
.68
1 2
,
, , 7 DSS1.
,
, DSS1
, 7
.
14 - Chap 11.p65
274
21.07.2005, 15:54
275
7 DSS1
ISM,
.
10
ISUPR,
,
, .
,
.
,
,
.
.
ISM
: ,
3 DSS1 ISUPR 7.
,
.
,
,
. .
,
, .
,
, .
, .
,
,
.
,
2 ,
SDL MSC [55]. MSC
7 DSS1
.11.6 11.7.
3 DSS1
7 ,
DSS1
ISUPR.
14 - Chap 11.p65
275
21.07.2005, 15:54
276
11
DSS1 ISUP
R,
.
. 11.6 11.7 :
.
DSS1; .
,
.
, ..
.
SETUP,
.
SETUP ,
. ISUP
IAM ,
CALL PROCEEDING,
, .
IAM
,
. , IAM
, ,
IAM, ,
,
, ,
, SETUP,
ADRESSCOMPLETE,
,
.
SETUP
CALL PROCEEDING,
, .
, .
,
(.. ),
ALERTING. ,
, CALL PROGRESS
, , ,
CALL PROGRESS . ,
, ALERT
ING. (,
), CONNECT,
CONNECT ACKNOWLEDGE .
14 - Chap 11.p65
276
21.07.2005, 15:54
277
.
,
DISCONNECT. ,
RELEASE .
RELEASE COMPLETE,
RELEASE . RE
LEASE, DISCONNECT,
RELEASE COMPLETE. , ,
RELEASE ATC
RELEASE COMPLETE.
.11.6.
(.11.7).
(..
SETUP IAM),
(.. SETUP
IAM) .
,
DSS1 .
DSS1 SETUP,
. DSS1 ,
(setup_indication)
.
, ,
. ,
DSS1 proceeding_request,
CALL PROCEEDING .
, ,
,
ISUP IAM
setup_request.
ISUP IAM
.
, ,
.
ISUP
ACM,
proceeding_indication, ,
, , .
,
, .
14 - Chap 11.p65
277
21.07.2005, 15:54
14 - Chap 11.p65
278
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT
ALERTING
CALL PROCEEDING
SETUP
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
ANSWER
CALL PROGRESS
ADDRESS COMPLETE
IAM
IAM
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
ANSWER
CALL PROGRESS
ADDRESS COMPLETE
SETUP
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT
ALERTING
CALL PROCEEDING
. 11.6
278
11
21.07.2005, 15:54
279
, , ,
,
, .
ISUP
CALL PROGRESS, , .
alerting_indication, ,
, ,
. DSS1
alerting_request,
ALERTING,
.
, ISUP
ANSWER.
setup_confirmation,
setup_responce DSS1,
CONNECT .
CONNECT ,
. .
DSS1
, , , DIS
CONNECT DSS1 . DIS
CONNECT
disconnect_ indication.
. , ISUP
release_request
, ,
RELEASE . ,
. ,
, ,
DSS1 release_request,
RELEASE
DSS1 .
,
DSS1 ISUP
release_confirmation.
DSS1
, ,
.
14 - Chap 11.p65
279
21.07.2005, 15:54
14 - Chap 11.p65
280
21.07.2005, 15:54
Release_confirmation
Release_request
Setup_confirmation
Alerting_indication
IAM
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
ANSWER ()
CALL PROGRESS
ADDRESS COMPLETE
ISUP
Proceeding_indication
Setup_request
. 11.7.
Release_confirmation
Release_request
Disconnect_indication
Setup_response
Alerting_request
Proceeding_request
Setup_indication
RELEASE COMPLETE
RELEASE
DISCONNECT
CONNECT
ALERTING
CALL PROCEEDING
SETUP
DSS1
DSS1
280
11
281
(,
).
VSM
(.11.8),
V5 DSS1, [109].
V5.2
DSS1
1
VSM
1 ... 3
. 11.8. V5DSS1
:
, . ,
3.
,
3.
.
.
, ,
VB5, ATM, BISDN, ADSL,
.
.
,
,
.
:
, .
14 - Chap 11.p65
281
21.07.2005, 15:54
1. .., .., .., ..
.
.: , 1971.
2. ..
. .: , 1958.
3. .. . .:
, 1956.
4. .. ISDN FRAME RELAY:
. .: , 1999.
5. . SNMPV3// , 1998. 12.
6. .., .., .. .
. . .: , 1987.
7. . : , , . .: ,
1990.
8. . . , ,
: . . .: , 1991.
9. .. . .:
, 1953.
10. .., .., .., ..,
.. . .:
, 1995.
11. .. 90//
, 1993. 9.
12. .., ..
. .: , 1965.
13. .. . 3 ., . .
.: , 2001. .1.
14. 1849078. . .
15. 2555482.
. ,
.
16. 715385. .
17. ., . . . :
. . ..
, 1993.
18. . : . . . . /
. . . .: , 1995.
15 - Literature.p65
282
21.07.2005, 15:54
283
19. ..
. III .
(ICINAS),
, 1994.
20. . : ,
. .: , 1989.
21. .., ..
. .: , 1993.
22. .., .. ISDN //
, 1999. 1.
23. .. . .: ,
1986.
24. ., . ., ., .
. . ./ . .. . .:
, 1982.
25. .., ..
. .: , 1972.
26. .., .., ..
.
, . .: , 1993. .42.
27. . Internet. ., BHV, 1998.
28. . :
: . ./ . .. . .: , 1982.
29. . : . ./
. .. . .: , 1979.
30. .., .. . .:
, 1998.
31. .., ..
//, 11, 1995
32. .. IP/IPX. .:
, 1998.
33. .., .. .
.: , 1982.
34. .. 47
. .: , 1953.
35. ..
. .: , 1979.
36. .., ..
. .: , 1976.
15 - Literature.p65
283
21.07.2005, 15:54
284
15 - Literature.p65
284
21.07.2005, 15:54
285
56. .. . .:
, 1950.
57. .. . .: ,
1984.
58. . / . . , BHV,
1996.
59. . . . . .1,
.2. . . .. . .: , 1992.
60. .. . .: , 1993.
61. ..
. .: , 1978.
62. .., ..
: . .:
, 1997.
63. ANSI (1991) Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Basic Access
Interface for S and T Reference Point (Layer 3 Specification). T1.6051991.
64. Arnbak J.C. The European (R)evolution of Wireless Digital Networks //
IEEE Communications Magazine, 1993. Vol. 31, 9
65. Baker G. High BitRate Digital Subscriber Lines// Electronics & Commu
nication Engineering Journal, 1993. Vol. 5, 5,
66. Bellamy J. Digital Telephony: 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, 1991.
67. Black Uyless D. ISDN & SS7: Architecture for Digital Signaling Networks.
New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR, 1997.
68. Black Uyless D. Physical layer and related protocols. IEEE Computer So
ciety Press, 1996.
69. Black Uyless D. TCP/IP and Related Protocols. McGrawHill, Inc., 1995
70. Bosse van John G. Signaling in Telecommunication Network. John Wiley
& Sons, 1998.
71. Brooks John. Telephone: The First Hundred Years. New York: Harper and
Row, 1976.
72. Burd Nick. The ISDN Subscriber Loop. London: Chapman & Hall, 1997.
73. De Pryker M. Asynchronous Transfer Mode Solution for Broadband ISDN.
New York: Ellis Horwood, 1993.
74. Engineering and Operations in the Bell System / Prepared by Member of
the Technical Staff and the Technical Publication Department AT&T Bell
Laboratories; R.F. Rey, Technical Editor. New Jersey: AT&T Bell Laborato
ries, 1983.
75. ETS 300 011. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Primary Rate
UserNetwork InterfaceLayer Specification and Test Principles. ETSI,
1991.
15 - Literature.p65
285
21.07.2005, 15:54
286
76. ETS 300 012. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN); Basic User
Network Interface Layer 1 Specification and Test Principles. ETSI, 1991.
77. ETS 300 1021. Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN); Basic User
Network interface layer 3. Specification for basic call control. ETSI, 1990.
78. ETS 300 172. Private Telecommunications Network (PTN); Interexchange
Signaling Protocol. Circuit Mode Basic Services 2nd Ed. ETSI, 1994.
79. ETS 300 239 Private Telecommunications Network (PTN); Interexchange
Signaling Protocol. Generic Functional Protocol for the Support of Sup
plementary Services. ETSI, 1993.
80. ETS 300 3241. Signaling Protocol and Switching (SPS); V Interfaces at
the digital Local Exchange (LE), V5.1 Interface for the Support of Access
Network (AN), Part 1: V5.1 Interface Specification. ETSI, 1994.
81. ETS 300 3471. Signaling Protocol and Switching (SPS); V Interfaces at
the digital Local Exchange (LE), V5.2 Interface for the Support of Access
Network (AN), Part 1: V5.2 Interface Specification. ETSI, 1994.
82. Freeman R.L. Telecommunication System Engineering: 2nd Ed. New York:
WileyIntersience, 1989.
83. Gillespie A. Access networks: technology and V5 interfacing. Artech
House, Inc., 1997
84. Griffiths J.M. ISDN Explained. New York: John Wiley, 1990.
85. Hertog M. Den. Interregister Multifrequency Signaling for Telephone
Switching in Europe// Electrical Communications, 1972. Vol. 38, 1.
86. ITUT Recommendation G.703, General Aspects of Digital Transmissions
Systems; Terminal Equipment Physical/Electrical Characteristics of Hier
archical Digital Interfaces. Geneva, 1991.
87. ITUT Recommendation G.704, General Aspects of Digital Transmissions
Systems; Terminal Equipment Synchronous Frame Structures used at
Primary and Secondary Hierarchical Levels. Geneva, 1991.
88. ITUT Recommendation I.430, Basic UserNetwork InterfaceLayer 1
Specification. Geneva, 1993.
89. ITUT Recommendation Q.512, Digital Exchange interfaces for subscrib
er access. Geneva, 1995.
90. ITUT Recommendation Q.920 (I.440), ISDN UserNetwork Interface
Data Link Layer General Aspects. Geneva, 1993.
91. ITUT Recommendation Q.921 (I.441), ISDN UserNetwork Interface
Data Link Layer Specification. Geneva, 1993.
92. ITUT Recommendation Q.930 (I.450), ISDN UserNetwork Interface Layer
3 General Aspects. Geneva, 1993.
93. ITUT Recommendation Q.931 (I.451) ISDN UserNetwork Interface Lay
er 3 Specifications for Basic Call Control. Geneva, 1993.
15 - Literature.p65
286
21.07.2005, 15:54
287
15 - Literature.p65
287
21.07.2005, 15:54
, ,
. . . . -,
, 220
,
,
Evolution of Telecommunication Protocols, IP
, Call,
, .
2
3
3004
065953 15.08.98
08.07.2005
70100 116 .
.
. .
18 . .
5000 (I 2500) . .
190005, -, ., . 29
199034, -, 9 , 12
15 - Literature.p65
288
21.07.2005, 15:54
00
100
95
00
..
, DSS1
ISDN, LAPD, Q.931,
xDSL, QSIG, DPNSS, V5, TCP/IP, X25 .
ISDN,
80 ,
xDSL,
ISDN
: ,
.
V5
.
,
,
.
..
..
..
, .
, .
.. , .. ,
IP
S
..
, .
..
V5.1 V5.2
7:
7ISUP
R1.5
MTP
7:
..
25
, ..
, ..
..
.. , ..
..
75
196240,
, / 277
: (812) 389 29 72
mail: nio1@niits.ru
www.niits.ru
..
..
SC
CP
ISBN 5-8206-0115-7
9 785820 601156
100
95
75
25