,,

2007

RO

RO

LO

LO

RO

RO/LO LO

FO

FO

HUCKEPACK

.
,
,

.
,

3) RO-RO
LASH

: 1)

, 2)
, 5) RO-LO
, 7) HUCKEPACK
.

, 4) LO-LO
8)

,
, 6) FO-FO

1.

: 1)

, 2)
, 4)

3)

.
1.1.
,
,
,

)
,

,
.

.
,
,
Huckepack

, RO-R

.
:
,
-

,
,

,
,
-

,
,
,

.
1.2.
,
,

,
,

,
: 1)
.

, 2)

.
, 3)

4)
,

...
,

,
1200x1000 mm,
1000

.
,

.
.

.
,

.
:
-

1000 mm 800 mm
1200 mm 800 mm
1200 mm 1000 mm
1600 mm 1200 mm
1800 mm 1200 mm
( InternationalStardardization

Organization

. ISO )
,
mm 800 mm, (
80%),

.
1200
1200 mm 1000 mm.
500
1000
,
.

(UIC)
1200 mm 800 mm
1200 mm 1000 mm.
,
1200 mm 800 mm,
1200 mm 1000
,
,
....

,
mm.
,
,

,
.

,
.

,
.

,
.

.
mm 800 mm
1000 mm,

1200 mm 1000 mm.

500
,

1000

1200
800
,

(ISO)
:
-

EUR
,

:M
,
.
,
.

,,
,,

,,

,,

,,

,,
.
,

.
,

:
.
,
.

.
,
.

IATA (

)
.

:
- 3180mm 2240mm
- 3180mm 1530mm
- 6060mm 2440mm
,
,
2020

,
2030 mm.
: B-747 (BOEING), A-300

(AIRBUS)

L-1011 (LOCKHEED).
,
,

,
,
,
.

1.3.

,
,

,
,

.
,

,
,

,
,

,
,

,
,

,
(

.
(hardver)

,
,
....

1.4.
,
,

),

,
.
,
,

.
:
-

,
.
75%,

25%.

,
70%
.

,
,
,
.

,
,

400%,
35%

,
,
,

,
,

,
,

,
,
,

.
75%,
35%.

.
40

60%,
100%

50%
,

,
.
,
30

,
.
.

,
,
.

,
,

90%

75%

.
.
,
,
,
,

,
.
,
20

15

80%,

80 %,
15

75%,

.
:

,
,

,
,

.
,

15%.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

,
,

8.

9.

10.

11.

2.
2.1.
(ISO),
1975

(TIR

),

,
,

,
.

.
,

.
.
.
.
,

,
,

,
(

).

.
,

,
.

,
, RO-RO, LO-LO, FO-FO, Huckepack
.
.

2.2.

,
-

.
,

.
.

,
.

1997

1998

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1998 - TEU
15.100
14.500
6.770
6.032
5.735
4.098
3.547
3.268
3.200
3.050
65.300

Singapore
Hong Kong
Kaohsiung
Rotterdam
Busan
Long Beach
Hamburg
Antwerpen
Los Angeles
Shanghai

000 TEU)
1997 - TEU
14.135
14.386
5.690
5.494
5.234
3.506
3.337
2.969
2.960
2.530
60.241

,
:
6.000
5.000.000 TEU,

1999

150.000.000 TEU

3.000.000.000

.
,
,
.
(

:
-

3
.

(UIC)
:
3

1,0

1,2

1,2

2,0

2,0

3,0

,
.

,
,, ,,

3
6
.
(,,pa,, parteur anemag),

10

10

,
.
.
,

.
,, ,,

,
3

10
6

ISO

20,30

40

ISO

,
.

.
.
(

)
.

.
.
***

,
1965
20, 30

.
ISO

40

10,

1ft=30,48 cm.)
8

,
.
40

9,6

9
9 %

,
40

8
40

45

9,6

(extendible containers),

12%
40

.
,,ft=

40' =

,
12.192

,
,,ft= foot feet

= stopa

,,ft=304,8
.
,,TEU,,
, TEU = twenty food equivalent unit =

20
.

20, 25

20, 30
.

30

40

,
24.000

.
(ISO)
,
45

53
53

2,6
,

.,

.
:

,
.

(open top )
,

.
,

.
.
.
,
:

1.

.
,
,

,
.
2. ,,

,,

.
3.

(tank

).

.
4.

(bulk

).
.

5.

( flat
,
.

6.

).

.
,
,
.

(ISO)
,
.
:

XX

XXXXXX

MK

XX

XX

:
,
,

,
(

,
)

).
,
.

0
1
2
3
4

(frigo)

5
6
7
8

(tank )

:
1. 2. 3. -

.
(kg.

Lbs.).
(kg.

Lbs.).
4. -

.
***

. IATA
1967
1971

.
,

,,igloo,,

.
IATA
cm
LD 3
LD-3, FRIGO
LD 7

156
156
318

153
153
224

163
163
163

LD

7,
FRIGO
10'
20'
Za eden konj

303

209

160

318
606
279

224
244
60

244
244
210

B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310

B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310
B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310,
DC8F
B737, B747, DC10, A300, A310,
DC8F
B747M/F,
B747M/F,
B747F, B747M/F, DC8F,

Za tri konja
Za tri konja
otvorena
konstrukcija

318
213

244
233

235
185

B747M/F,
B737, B747, DC8F,

2.3.

,
-

.
,
:

.
,

,
ISO

.
:

.
,

,
:

1.

,
1968

700 TEU

18

20 (nm/h).

2.

,
1970
22(nm/h)

TEU,

1.500
.

3.

,
1973

3.000

TEU,

30(nm/h)
.
4.

( ECOM-SH)
1970
.
28 (nm/h)

,
4.000 TEU,

5.

,
1985

.
28 (nm/h)

4.500 TEU,
.

6.

,
1990

.
(nm/h).

5.500 TEU,
. (Hong Kong, Singapore, Rotterdam, Kaohsiung,

.).

14.
,

6.500 TEU.
,

,
.

,
,
,
.

,
,

,
.
,
,
,

feeder servis,
.
1.320 TEU,

42 (nm/h),

.
1.320 TEU,
100

1.

,, Concorde-mlaznici,,.
130
150
$.

$,

2.

,
6.058

2.438

. Roll on Roll off (

(
),

2.591

RO RO
(
)

RO RO )
,
,

,
,

. RO RO

.
(
,

)
(

. Roll on

),

,
,
,,

,
. Roll off
,,

). RO RO
,
RO RO
,

,
.
(

. LUF Lift Unit Frame

),

RO RO
2.000 (nm).
. Lift on Lift off (

LO-LO)

,,

LO LO
,,

(
,

)
.(

).

LO LO

(Full container ships).

.
(cellular type)
.
(Particular container ships).

.
,
.
-

SEA-TRAIN
.
,

(Convertibile container ships).

,
,
.
(
)

,
.

.
,
,

.
,
(Full container ships)

.
,
(Feeder ships).
,
,
(

,,

. Feeder
18 ( vorovi).( 1 vor/h =1,852 km/h).

100

,,)
1.500 TEU,
FO

FO

. Float on Float off

FO FO

),
(

)
(LASH

LASH
,,Lighter Aboard Ship,,

).
,
(

)
,,

LASH
,,

,,

.
,,

.
-

LASH

.
,

375

77

),

.
,
.

1.500 TEU.
-

SEA-BEE (

38
BACAT

.
850
1.800 TEU.
(Barges Aboard Catamaran)
,
.
10
3 LASH
375
.

140

.
,

,
,
,
,

,
,

.
,

,
.

:
-

,
,
,
,
,

,
,
,
.

.
20

50

,
,
60

.
.
,
.,
.

R.

,
E,
,
.
,

.
,

.
,
,

,
,

UIC.
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
,

50

Huckepack
,

9
,

.)
,
.
,
,
,

:
-

,
20
,

30

40

,
20

,
.
.
(

),
:
-

,
-

,
.

,
,
,
.
,

,
.

,
.
.
,
.

(
)

,
.

,
.
:
-

,
,,roller,,

,
.

,
(
).
,
:
-

,
.
,
.
.
,
.
.

,
5,5

),
:
-

,
,
,
.....
.

2.4.
,

,
,
.
.

,
USD.
,

80%

.
,
(

,
(

.
:
-

.
,
.
,

80%,

,
.

,
.
,,

,,.

20

(
20

),

,
4

,
.
-

,
,
.
.

,
,
,

.
.
,
,

.
.
,
,

.
,
,
,

.
.
,
.
-

,
,

,
.

,
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
-

,
,

EDIFACT

.
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,

.
,
:
,

,
,

,
,
,

.
.
,

:
,

,
.

25%.

,
.

3. RO RO
:
1)

RO-RO
RO-RO
RO-RO

, 2)
, 3)
.

1:

RO RO

2: RO RO

3.1.

RO-RO
Roll on Roll off (
)

RO-RO),

,
,

,
,

RO-RO

.
,
(Roll on
,
,

,
,

),
,

(Roll off

).

,
Roll on Roll off (
:

RO-RO

3:

RO RO

4:
RO RO

5: RO RO
,
,
,
,

,
.

,
,
,
,
,

LASH

RO-RO
-

,
,
,
.

,
.

RO-RO

.
-

,
,
.

,
.

RO-RO
2.000
,
,

,
:

,
1.000 RO-RO
.

,
,...

,
,

RO-RO

,
,
RO-RO

,
,

,
.
,

(
)
(
),

3.2.

RO-RO
RO-RO
,

RO-RO

.
,
.
,

),

.
RO-RO
-

RO-RO
RO-RO
RO-RO
RO-RO
RO-RO
RO-RO

,
,
,
,
RO-RO

,
. Sto-Ro
,

RO-RO
.

RO-RO
RO-RO

RO-RO

.
La Manchea.

RO-RO

,
RO-RO

.
RO-RO
RO-RO

,
RO-RO

,
RO-RO
.
RO-RO

RO-RO
16

,
,

5
12

:
3.800 DWT
150
.

110
200-300 TEU,

RO-RO
.
:
6.000 DWT

150
,
300-500 TEU,
150

15

.
190
,
500 1.000 TEU,
200
.

7
19

,
,

27

8
30

,
,

35

RO-RO
:
1.800 DWT

20

RO-RO
.
228
,
1.300 3.600 TEU,
400
.

:
18.000 DWT
24

,
50

:
-

RO-RO

,
6

RO-RO

6
.

.
,

,
RO-RO

1. RO-RO

,
.
,

40%.

2. CAPA

12
.

,
SOLAS

1977
.
3. CACA

,
.

4. CONV

RO-RO

,
,

.
5. CONT
RO-RO

,
.

6. PACA

,
.

SOLAS

1977

.
7. HYBR

RO-RO

RO-RO
,
,

.
-

RO-RO

1. ,,R,,

,
(pure RO-RO vessels).

2. ,,C,,

(RO-RO )
(LO-LO)
(RO-RO container vessels).
3. ,,G,,

,
(RO-RO general cargo vessels).
4. ,,H,,

RO-RO
,
(RO-RO heavy lift vessels).
RO-RO
,
,
,

,
(

).

RO-RO
Stowable RO-RO).
RO-RO
,

Sto-Ro
,

). Sto

Ro
,
.
20

.
,

RO-RO

.
.

150
18
20

21,5

6,5

7.000 DWT.

60

,
,

80

,
1.300

,
.
90

100

.
.
.
RO-RO

,
,

20
(

,
.

RO-RO

80

,
)

.
,
,
,
LUF

(LUF

,,Lift Unit Frame,,)

LUF

LUF
LUF

LUF

100

.
-

LUF
,

3.3.

RO-RO
,

RO-RO

,
,
LO LO

.
,

:
-

RO-RO
,

,
.

RO-RO
,,

,,
.
,

.
-

RO-RO

,
,

.
-

RO-RO
400

.
RO-RO
600

,
600

1.500

,
75
180

,
,
,

500
RO-RO
,

.
-

RO-RO
LASH

(
)

. RO-RO
,
.

,
.

RO-RO

RO-RO

24

RO-RO
.

RO-RO
.

RO-RO
:

1.

RO-RO

,
,

2-3

2-3

2.

,
,
.

3.

,
,

4.

,
.
RO-RO
,
RO-RO

.
1/3

.
,

,
.

.
RO-RO
,

,
,

RO-RO
,
RO-RO
.

:
,
.

15 %.
RO-RO
.

6:

7:

8:

9:

10.

RO-RO

11:

RO-RO

4. LO LO
LO LO
,
LO LO
LO LO
LO LO

,
: 1)
, 2)
, 3)
.

4.1.

LO LO

Lift on Lift off (

LO LO)

,,

,,

.
,

LO LO
,
, RO RO,

FO FO,

.
,

.)

,
,

,
LO LO

, LO LO
,
.

LO LO
,
,
.
.

LO LO
,

.
,

,
.

LO LO
1.
,
,
2.

,
,

,
.

,
,

3.

,
,
.

4.
LO LO
.
4.2.

LO LO

1:

2:

3:

LO LO
,

(
: LO
, LO LO/RO RO, LO LO/FO FO,

LO
, LO LO
LO LO/Huckepack..),
LO LO
.
LO LO
,
,
.

LO LO
,

LO LO

,
.
,
,
,,

LO LO
,
-

,,.
:
,

,
,

(
, SEA TRAIN/
,
FEEDER/
, bulk/
.

),

RO/
LASH/
bulk/
SEABEE

Bulk-carrier

,
,
break-

BACAT
.
.
LO LO
,

,
.
LO LO
.
LO

15.000 LO

.
LO LO

,
,

.
,

.
4.3.

LO LO
LO LO
,
,,

LO LO
,

,, .
,
,

RO-RO, FO-FO, Huckepacke.

LO LO

,
.

5. RO-RO/LO-LO
Roll on Roll off /Lift on Lift off (
LO )
,
.

RO RO/LO LO

,
RO RO

LO LO

RO

RO LO

,
,,

,,

,,

,, .
,

,
RO-RO

LOLO
.
RO-RO

,
,
LO-LO

.
RO LO

,
,

.
,
RO LO

6. FO FO
FO-FO

LASH
,
FO-FO
LASH
FO-FO
FO-FO

: 1)
, 2)
LASH
LASH

, 3)
.
6.1.

FO-FO

Float on Float off (

LASH

FO-FO)

,,

,,

)
LASH

,
.
LASH (
,,Lighter Aboard Ship,,

,,

,, )
LASH

.
,
,
,
,
,
(

)
,
.

,
,
.

,
,

,
,

,
,
.
(

. ,,

,,).
,
,
,
,

.
(

),

FO-FO
)
,

:
,

(
,

,
(
,,feeder LASH,,
,

,
,
,
,
,,feeder LASH,,
.

,
,

FO-FO

LASH

FO-FO

LASH

:
1)

.
:

LASH

).

LASH
:

,
30.000 DWT,

73

375

23

1.500 TEU,

,
500

1.500

,
,

2.000

.
,
.

- SEA-BEE

).

1972

,
43.000 DWT,

:
38
26

850

1.784

U,

,
(

. ,,Syncrolift,,),

2.000

,
- BACAT (Barges Aboard Catamaran),
1976
,
LASH

.
13
.

. BACAT
,,mini LASH,,
. BACAT

).
,
. BACAT

,
:

140

,
400

15.000 DWT,
20
,

10

,
,
6

1.
,

2.

(
)
LASH

,,

,,

2)

).
,

:
,

.
,

.
,

,
.
LASH
,
:
18,75
,
9,5
,
3,66

2,7
,
370
.
SEABEE
,

:
29,72
,
10,67
,
3,81
,
3,25
,
850
.
SEABEE
,
38,25
,
11,40
,
3,90
,
3,3
,
1.070
.
BACAT
,
:
16,83
,
4,65
,
2,45
,
140
.
FO FO
,
(
feeder) RO RO
(
feeder/RO RO
),
feeder-LASH
.
80
,
24
,
,
3,5
.
, feeder,
(8
).

,
,

3,28

8
LASH
10 LASH-

FO FO

Crowley

FO-FO

LASH

FO-FO

LASH
FO-FO

,
FO-FO

LASH
:

LASH
,

FO-FO

LASH
,
,,

,,
,
-

.
LASH

FO-FO

,
,

,
.

,
,
.

FO-FO

LASH
.
90%.
.
,

:
100

350
600
,
1.500
2.000

LASH
LASH

. FO,

.
-

80:20.

LASH

,
,
.

LASH

,
:

1.

LASH
5

,
6

,
,
.

2.

.
3.
.
4.

,
.

5.

,
.
,

,
6.
,
(

).

7.

,
,
,
,

8.
LASH
50%
FO-FO

,
LASH

LASH

,
,

,
,
:

LASH

FO-FO

LASH

,
,
.

,
,

FO-FO

LASH
,
,
.

.
,
,
,

.
.
,
.
,

,
.

.
FO-FO

LASH
,
,

7. HUCKEPACK
,
,,huckepack,,
: 1)

,,huckepack,,
,,huckepack,,
,,huckepack,,

, 2)
3)
.

,,Huckepack,,

,
Piggy-back (

Huckepack
: Huckepack tragen =
), Kangourou (
), Oprtni prevoz (

),
), Uprtni prijevoz (

),
,

Huckepack

Huckepack

,
.
(

),
,
.
, Huckepack. Huckepack
,
,
,

Huckepack-

,
(...),

Huckepack,
,
,

,
,

,
,

(...).

1: Huckepack
: http://transport.asi.pwr.wroc.pl/0.1A/tournee.php?p=17660 (04.01.2007).

Huckepack,

Kombiverkehr A.G.,
S-Combi,
Novatrans,
Cemat,
Combi-Dan,
Trailstor,
T.R.W. (Trans Route Wagon),
Hupac,
kombi,
Combiberia,
Hungarokombi,
Adria Kombi,
Polkombi (...).
Huckepack
,
,
,
.

,
:

Huckepack

,
Huckepack

,
)

,
(

) (

)
.

Huckepack
)

.
Huckepack

,
,
;

,
,
;

Huckepack
(...).
,,Huckepack,,
,
1. Huckepack

,,Rolling highway,,).

:
,

.
.
.
(

)
,

,
,

Huckepack
Huckepack
,

.
.
(

Huckepack

Huckepack

,
;

Huckepack
,
1.250 (t) e

C,

Huckepack
;

(...);

(
Huckepack

.
Huckepack

Huckepack
;

.
(

74:26.
)

(
,

,
,
(...).
Huckepack

Ro-La),
Huckepack
Huckepack

1993
(

,
:

Huckepack
(
),

Huckepack

1994
,

(Sankt

Gotthard),

(28t

,
,

.,
...)
Ro-La
3.800mm,
4.000mm.
36
700m.
(Ltschbeg)
Huckepack

Huckepack
La
4.200mm,
18.500mm.

40t (...);
(La Manche)
730m (...).
44t,
2.600mm
2.762t.

Ro-

,,

,, RO-La (

Rollende Landstrasse),
,
,

50-

XX

,
60.
1954

.
,
.
.

,
.
-

Hupac,

1967
Hans Bertschi
60Ludwigshafen (
,

Chiasso,
.
XX
)

.
,

Hans Bertschi
( . 2.1.).
118

cm

,
3 m.

1967

Hans Bertschi
Hupac.
,

60.

. 2.1.

)
Basel -Lugano

1964.
1968.
Basel-Melide,

R La

.
45 cm.
Lugan .

Melide
BaselLugano

13,5 m,
360 mm.
,

,
1969.

.
-

, 1969.

,
R -La
.

Cologne Ludwigsburg

. 2.2.
Kombiverkehr,
huckepack
,

),
Hupac.

1971
Ro-La
Verona (

,
).

Keln,
Ro-La

,
.

Hupac
Tablot, 1980
.

,
,
,
19,09 m.
38 t,
40 t.

17 t

R -La
,

,
.
28

R -La

20

25

.
, R -La
.

Ro-La
,
.

R -La
.

1994

Kombiverkehr
R -La

, R -La

,
.

La

Okombi Hucketrans.
Bludenz-Schoenwies

1972

1970

Hucketrans
Arlberg.

R ,

R -La
,
.
1999

Tauer,
.
.
R -La

R -La
Adtranz-Greenbrier.
,
2001
.
-

Worgl-Verona

,,

(1994-2005)
UIRR (
),

,,huckepack,,
2005
huckepack

Maribor-Wels,

,,

3.1.)
1994

Okombi
. Okombi
200

.
,

,
UIRR,

UIRR.

160000
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

A-CZ/SK
CH-D

A-D
D-CZ/SK

. 3.1.

A-H
D-I

A-I
H-SLO

D-SLO/HR
A-SLO

,,RO-La,,

1994

Ro-La
.
-

:
;

,
3.1).

1994

2005

3.2.

4.1.

)
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005

252.546
312.356
343.779
345.744
381.728
406.209
460.420
465.553
464.434
459.656
382.115
315.680

500000
450000
400000
350000
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

. 3.2.

1994

2005

1994
2001
huckepack

3.3).
huckepack

huckepack

,
3.3.

35
30
25
20

19
9
19 4
9
19 5
9
19 6
9
19 7
9
19 8
9
20 9
0
20 0
0
20 1
0
20 2
0
20 3
0
20 4
05

15
10
5
0

huckepack
huckepack
huckepack
.. 3.3.

[%]
[%]
[%]

huckepack

.
,

.
,
(
,

).

.
,
.
.
.

3.4

. 3.4.

,
25

(
Vintimila

,
.

3.5).
Be

2001
170

. 3.5.

3.6
2003

t.

Francuska

Austrija

vajcarska

Paten
eleznica
Vkupno

Paten
eleznica

Paten

Vkupno

Vkupno

eleznica

. 3.6.

1980
2003

Ltschberg

Simplon

,
.
4 m

44 t

; 2,5 m

..
.
Gothard
,

.
-

60 km.
4

,
,

16

.
,
.
,
.
2005

28 t
.

40 t

2001

,
.
,

2004

.
2004

2000

65 %

10 %

1,4
, 2004

,
1. 255.000

2000
5319

2001

1,4

650.000

3.7
,
2001

2000
2004

. 3.7.

3.8
.

4%

23%

34%

39%
Ro-La

. 3.8
2001

.
:
,
.

,
.
,

,
.

. 3.9

. 3.10
)
,
:

Ltschberg

Simplon

Gothard
Gothard,
,
3,8 m (

3.11).

,
4 m

90 %

..

. 3.11
,

,
,
NEAT.
Ltschberg (34,6 km),

AlpTransit,

2015

2007
3.12).

. 3.12

Gotthard (57 km )

Gotthard

Altdorf

Biasca

40 km.
.

,,RO-La,,

,
,

.
.
,
.
,
.
,
,

.
.
.
,
.

4.1
R -La

,, RO-La,,
SGP

(360 mm)

:
,

100 km/h
2,5
)

.
13 m,

32

15,4

AR

. 4.2

,,RO-La,,

2,5 m

. 4.3

4 m.

(Saadkms)

Bombardier transportation
,
(
4.4).

. 4.4

,
4 m,
.

.
Greenbrier Europe
.

. 4.5

Greenbrier Europe
(
4.5).

Greenbrier Europe

. 4.6

Siemens SGP GmbH,,.

4.6
Saadkms,
Siemens SGP verkehrstechnik GmbH.
.
.
,
H..

.
, KE-GP-A-(D)-bh8'',
.
,
.
.

.
.
,
.
.
-

R -La

..

.
.
:

;.

,
.

,
;

;
.

. 4.7

. 4.8
,,RO-La,,

RO-La
:
1.

RO-La
;

2.

);

3.

4.

,
;

5.

,
,,RO-La,,

6.

7.

.)

;
8.
;
9.

10.

11.

R -La

huckepack

.
,,R - La,,

,
.

.
,
.
,
,
,

,
,

.
,
250 m,

.
,

,
.
4800 mm),

(
(

5800 mm). .
.

,
.
,
4 m ,
,,huckepack,,

,, ,,.

huckepack
.

5.11
.

. 4.9

,
.

UIC
UIC
,

,
.

)
.
,

,
,

,
,
.

.
huckepack
,
huckepack

,
Ro-La

,
.

,
.
-

P
C
K, R, T
B

Sccns(s)
P

,
:

,,Kombir il,,

,,Road Railer,,

,,Transtrailer,,

.
,
.
,

),
.
,

.
:

B)

(P, , R, , C,
.
,

.
2500 mm
,

2600 mm.

,
,
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
,

,
,
.

huckepack

,
.
:

UIRR-

,
huckepack

.
,
.

GC
.
4
0.65
,

,
.

UIC 506 ,
GB1

GB2.

10
2,6 .
UIC
.

. 4.10

. 4.11

,,RO-La,,

5.

1)

,
,
,
,

,
.
,
.
2)
,
.
,

.
.

.
,
.
huckepack
.

.
,
.

.
,

huckepack

huckepack

.
,

huckepack
huckepack

.
,

,
,

.
.
UIRR

,
,
.

.
.
.
huckepack
.
huckepack
,
.
,
..

huckepack
:

;
;

;
;

;
..

6.

,
. Huckepack
.
,

.
,

,
.
.
.
,
,

,
,

.
.
,
,
.
,

.
,

1999

.,
(

).
,

,
:

2,9
.

:
1.

,
3.5 ,

2.

.
,

15
3,5

100 %

3.

,
.
8

12

12

4.
5.
,
.
.

,
38 .

,
,
39 ,
42 .

6.
7.
,

,
.

70

8.
a)
3,5 t
15:00
00:00

22:00

24:00

65 km,

b)
1.

31.
.

,
7,5 t

08:00

,
15:00

.
c)
7,5 t
22:00

05:00

.
.
9.
10.

1.

1997.
.
.

11.
12.

,
.
,
.

,
.
,
1.

2001.
.

,
,

2,85
2010.

Ro-La

,
,
.
.

,
.
:
1.

service-related
;

2.
(Saint-Gothard

Ltschberg);

3.
20-25
4.

22:00

;
05:00
;

5.

.
Huckepack

.,

,
.
Huckepack

Huckepack
,

.
.

1971

Huckepack

.
).
(

).

10t.
Huckepack
(

.
(

).

.
.
:

.
,
.
;

.
Huckepack
,
:

(
)

.
.

,
.

Huckepack

,
.
Huckepack

,
;

;
,

)
;

Huckepack
,
,
.
,

,
,

.
.

Huckepack

9: Huckepack

10: Huckepack

2. Huckepack
:

,,Semi-trailer).
(
(

),

:
(

,
(...).
.

,
,

11: Huckepack

Huckepack

B)

.
.

.
Huckepack A,

60:40.
(

)
.

(
,
.

?
.
:

,
,

.
,
16
4
Huckepack
)
(Huckepack
,

,
;

C)

,
,
:

)
Huckepack

,
Huckepack

Huckepack
.

Huckepack
Huckepack

Huckepack

Huckepack

C
:

B
.

,
;

(12m);

(Huckepack

 ),

.
3. Huckepack

,,Swap-body,,).

:
(

.
Huckepack
.
(
(

.,

)
,

,...)

,
.

Huckepack

,
;

Huckepack
C,

, RO-RO, LO-LO, RO-LO,

(
.,
Huckepack

).
:

;
(...);

,
10% (
10:90).

7.2.

,,Huckepack,,
,,Huckepack,,
:
1)

,
,,Huckepack,,

.
,
,

)
.

,,Huckepack,,

),

,
,
,,Huckepack,,

.
,
,,Huckepack,,
,,Huckepack,,
.

,
.
,
,
,,Huckepack,,

,
,

:
3,8

4,57

3,6

.
,
4,6

.
.
3,5

4,3

,
.

,,Huckepack,,
).

(
,
),

,
A, B

C.

,,Huckepack,,

(
)

,
,
,
.

335

350

,,Huckepack,,
.

,,

,,

RO-La).

,
,,Huckepack,,
.
,

ISO
,
,,

,,

.
:

: 7, 10, 12,

.
,,Huckepack,,
.

,
,
,,Huckepack,,
:
-

,
,

;
-

;
;
.

,,Huckepack,,

,, ,,
,
(

)
.

,,Huckepack,,
,
)

.
,

,
,

).
,

ISO

,
,

,,Huckepack,,

,
.
,
.
.
.

6,25

,
10

7,15

,
15

8,05

12,20

17

2,50
,
2,50
,
2,50
,
2,50

2,60

2,60

2,60
27

7,15

12,20

2,5

2,4

2,5

2,4

,
-

,
,
,,Maxicadre,,

,
:

2,74

12,20

2,59
70

.
,

ISO

.
.

(
.

,
,,Huckepack,,
,
.

,, (
-

,
,,Rollende Landstrasse,, - ,,Niederfurwagen,,)

,,Wippwagen,,).

,,
,,

),

,,

:
,,

,,
-

. ,,
.

,
(
. ,,

)(
,, (

. ,,sprederi,,)
,,Europaische Einheitstaschenwagen).

,,.

,
).
,
,
(

,,

,,.
,,Huckepack,,

,,Saaks-Z 702,,
,,Saaks-Z 703,,
,,Wippwagen,,).
,,Saaks-Z 704,,
,,Saaks-Z 706,,
,,Saaks-Z 707,,
,,Lgis(s),,

(
-

:
;
,,

,,
,,Saaks-Z 703,,

;
,,

. ,,

.
,

,,Huckepack,,

,,

,,

,
,
-

,,
,,

,,

,,
,
.

,,Huckepack,,

,
:

10
15
17
27, 30
.

6,25
7,15
8,05
48

,,HUCKEPACK,,
.
,
,

,
,
,

,
,

,,HUCKEPACK,,

,
,
,
12,2

,
,

,
(

),
,,Huckepack,,

,
,,HUCKEPACK,,

,
,

,,Huckepack,,

(
,

: 1)
1,435
1,665

1,674
,
1,524
,

,, Huckepack,,

. 2)

,
, 3)

,
, 4)
, 5)
,
7)

, 6)
,
,, Huckepack,,
.
,,Huckepack,,
,,Huckepack,,
.,

: 1)

), 2)

3)
, 4)
,
,
5)
,
,, Huckepack,,

Huckepack
Huckepack
. Huckepack
,

.
Huckepack
,

.
,

,
Huckepack

.
Huckepack

.
Huckepack
:

500km,
200km.
,
;

Huckepack

,
;
Huckepack

,
,
Huckepack
;

;
,
Huckepack

)
,

(...);

Huckepack
,
,
.

Huckepack
,
,

.
Huckepack
,

1969

,
.
1983
Huckepack
,
(Mnchen-Ljubljana-Mnchen),

.
1985
5.000.000t
,
20%

20%
1990

Huckepack
,

60%

,
.

10000000t.

Huckepack
300km,

Huckepack
,
,

Huckepack
Huckepack
,
,

,
.
,

Huckepack
Huckepack

.
.

Huckepack
,

,
,
)

, Huckepack
(

).
Huckepack
:

:
,

;
;

,
Hukepack
,

,
.

Huckepack
:
1.
.

A, B

C,
Huckepack
,

Huckepack

:
,

,
;

;
,
.

Huckepack

,
30%
.

,...)
(Huckepack

),
(Huckepack
Huckepack

).

),
Huckepack
(

),
,

.
Huckepack
,

,
.
Huckepack

.
Huckepack

Huckepack
.
(

)
(Huckepack

B),
,

,
.
.
,
,
(Huckepack

),

.
.
Huckepack
B C.
Huckepack
,
:
(...).
Huckepack

Huckepack
.
,

Huckepack
)

,
Huckepack

.
Huckepack
;

Huckepack
(
Huckepack

)
,

(...).

2.

Huckepack
.
.

Huckepack

Huckepack
:

,
,

Huckepack
Huckepack

Huckepack
Huckepack

,
,
(...).
Huckepack
300km
.

.
Huckepack
,
.
-Huckepack
,
.

Huckepack

.
Huckepack
.
Huckepack

.
Huckepack

Huckepack

,
Huckepack

,
.

Huckepack

C,

,
Huckepack

(...).

Huckepack
.
,
,

:
,

,
,

,
,

Huckepack
.

,
,

.
Huckepack
(

,
Huckepack
.
Huckepack

,
.
Huckepack

,
,

Huckepack
.

Huckepack
,

,
Huckepack
(...).
Huckepack
.
C

,
,
:
Huckepack

Huckepack
B,
.

C
B

Huckepack
,

.
Huckepack
C,
Huckepack

B,
.
Huckepack

( ,

, B

C),

Huckepack
(

)
,
Huckepack

15%
Huckepack C

10%,
20%.

15%.
,
:
Huckepack
Huckepack B
,
(
)

Huckepack
.
Huckepack
,
(
, RO-RO

,
, LO-LO

, RO-LO

, FO-FO

),
,
.

8.
,
: 1)
, 2)
,
3)
.
8.1.
,

Huckepack
,
,

,
,

.
Road Railer.
.

(Robert S. Reebie)

Bi-Modal Corporation.
,
Modal Corporation

Bi-

,
,
.

Mark IV Road Railer,

Mark V Road Railer

Road Railer

.
Mark V SST Road Railer,
,
,
,
.

Mark Road Railer

,
.
,
.
1985

1990

,
,

,
(...),

,
,

.
,
:

IV Road Railer, Mark V Road Railer

.

,
Mark V SST Road Railer,

Mark

.
;

,,Road Railer,,

Tiger

Rail-Trailer Train,

.
(

)
.
.
:
,
(
,
;

.
)

,
.
,
(...).

:
1.
Railer (

Mark V Road
12

7).

. bogie-pauk -

. 1).

,
(
(

. 2).

,
(
,
. 4).
(
)

. 5).

(
(

. 7).

. 6).

. 3).

12:

(Mark V. Road Railer)

7,

2.
Trailer Train (

.
Tiger Rail

13

7).

. 1).
(

. 2).
,

. 3).
(

)
(

. 4).

. 6).

3)
(

. 5).

1-6)
(

),

)
(

. 7).
,

7,

,
,

(Mnchen),

1991

(Mnchen Verona)
Road Railer,
.
Kombirail

40
(UIC)
.

Talbot, Fruehauf
(

Renafer.
,

)
.
,
:

?
,

.
,

.
,

(
1

13:

(Tiger Rail Trailer Train)

.
,
.
,
.
:

,
;

,
,
;

,
(...).

Huckepack

Huckepack

B,
,

,
,
(...).

8.2.

:
1)

.
.
:

Railer,, (
,

14,04

33

(0,8

.
40 (
10, 20,

,,Mark V Road
38,00

2,45
,
29,00
).
26
x 1,2
).
120 (

30 (

(1,0
).

)
)

,
140 (

).

,,Tiger Rail,,
,

,
:

,,Trailer Train,,
:

12,20
2,43
2,21
65,78

3
31,00
23,00

,,Trailer Train,,
:

x 1,2

) 13,40
(
) 2,45
(
) 2,225
) 73,87
3
(
) 13,6
9
) 2,5
37,00

29,00
8,00
,
29,00

23,00
120

),

18,00
140 (

).
,

..(....).
:
36,00

,
,

44,00
,

,
,
.
,
,
UIR
(Union Internationale des societes de transport combin, Rail/Ropute).
. UIC (Union Internationale
des Chemins de Fer =
), UFR ( Union des services
Routiers des chemins de Fer europeene des Ministeres de Transport =
), IRU (International Road Transport Union =
)
ISO (International Standardization Organization =
).

,
: Kombiverkehr A.G., Intercontainer Interfrigo, S-Combi, Cemat,
Novatrans, Kombi-Dan, Trailstor, T.R.W., Hupac, Okombi, Combibeira, Adria Kombi,
Hungarokombi, Polkombi ()
2)

.
.

,,

(
,

,,

,,

)
,,.
,
.

,
:
(

,
)
)

.
3)

.
Huckepack

,
,
(

,
)

(
,

)
,

.
,
.
,
,
.
,

,
,
.
,
,
(

).
,

,
,
,,
,,

,,.

,,
,
,

,
.

,
(

.
(...).

8.3.

.,

, RO-RO, LO-

LO, FO-FO, Huckepack)

:

. /

,
;

Huckepack
B,
:
-

(
)

B;

50%

.
Huckepack

,
,
Huckepack

B;
-

Huckepack
( .

B;

,
120km/h,

Huckepack

B (

cca 500mm),

;
-

Huckepack

,
(...).

,
,

,
25%,
1000kg
;

500km

,
.
FKV

(Mnchen)
Huckepack
,

500km

40
10%. Huckepack

40

3%,

15%

;
650km

40

30%,
Huckepack
10%

25%,
.

500km
,
.
(

cca 300km,

,
,

,
,

...)

Huckepack
,

90%

.
,
.
,
,
80%

,
,
,
90%.

,
, B

Huckepack

C,

1.

.
,
,

:
;
;
,

,
(

).
2.

.
,

,
500km.
3.
.

,
,

,
,

,
,
,
.
,
,
.

.
Kombiverkehr A.G. (Frankfurt am Mein)

1990

Huckepack
550m.
14m,
Huckepack C
20m,

17m

Huckepack B

550m,
39
546 m),

C
544m),
27

Huckepack

32

(
Huckepack

540m).

Huckepack
1100t.
15,5t,
23,5t,

Huckepack C
27,5t.
(

:
20t,

Huckepack B

, Huckepack B) 28t,
1100t,

25
(
C

23
1092t),

1087t), Huckepack
(
Huckepack

21

20

1081t

1090t).
Huckepack

.
:
-

17t

8,5t
28t,
-

8,5t),
0,6;

Huckepack
18,5t
1,4;
Huckepack
26t
1,4;

Huckepack

C:
4t),

22,5t
28t,

B:
8t),

34t (
24t,

C.
,

,
,
Huckepack

, B

C.

.
.
850kN,
2000kN.
35
.

)
,
400km.
(

,
)

80

.
,
.

12m

cca 15t,
Huckepack
30t.

,
,

1000kg

cca 25%
12m.
:

,
,

(...).

(...).
,

,
,
,

.,
,

,
,

(...).
,
,

Huckepack

.
Huckepack ,
Huckepack B
Huckepack C.
,
,
(

,
,

.
,

:
(
,

20%.

.
)

,
(

)
.

,
(

, RO-RO
Huckepack

, LO-LO
),

.
, RO-LO

,
, FO-FO

LASH

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Zavrsni izvestaj

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tehnologija A na transportnom
tranzitnom koridoru Subotica-Beograd-Nis-Dimitrovgrad , Saobra ajni fakultet,
Beograd, 1995. (diplomski rad)
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transporta , Saobra ajni fakultet, Beograd, 2002. (diplomski rad)
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pokretnog druma na zeleznicama Srbije , Saobra ajni fakultet, Beograd, 2003.
(diplomski rad)
13. Saobra ajni institut (CIP), Studija - Razvoj intermodalizma na koridoru H i
pruzi Beograd Bar , Beograd, 2002.
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Bewltigung der Verkehrsstrme , Wien, 2004.
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16. http://www.bombardier.com.
17. http://www.hupac.ch.

18. http://www.swissinfo.org/eng.
19. http://www.t-e.nu.
20. http//www.uirr.com/.
21. Wenger H.,
UIRR a 30 ans L histoire de l Union Internationale des Socits
du Transport Combin Rail-Route (UIRR) et du Transport Combin de
Marchandises Rail Route en Europe, de 1970 2000 , Bruxelles, 2001.