LIMBAENGLEZ

NIVELNCEP TOR

RodicaFlorentinaNegr u
An universitar 2014-2015

Content
Lesson 1
The English Alphabet ............................................................................................................. 3
Greeting people....................................................................................................................... 3
Pronounciation ........................................................................................................................ 3
Diphthongs.............................................................................................................................. 3
Lesson 2 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
The verb ''to be" ...................................................................................................................... 3
Numbers.................................................................................................................................. 3
Cardinal numbers .................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Pronouns ................................................................................................................................. 3
Colours.................................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
The Noun ................................................................................................................................ 3
Telling the Time ..................................................................................................................... 3
O'clock (Fix) ........................................................................................................................... 3
Asking for the Time ................................................................................................................ 3
Giving the Time ...................................................................................................................... 3
AM vs. PM ............................................................................................................................. 3
Lesson 5 ...................................................................................................................................... 3
THE ARTICLE....................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 6 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Capital Letter Use ................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 7 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
The Simple Present Tense ...................................................................................................... 3
Animals ................................................................................................................................... 3
Plants ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 8 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
Quantifiers .............................................................................................................................. 3
Foods & Drinks ...................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 9 ..................................................................................................................................... 3
The adjective........................................................................................................................... 3
The house ................................................................................................................................ 3
Lesson 10 ................................................................................................................................... 3

The Simple Past Tense ........................................................................................................... 3

Clothes .................................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson 11 ................................................................................................................................... 3
The Simple Future Tense ........................................................................................................ 3
Jobs ......................................................................................................................................... 3
Hobbies and Interests.............................................................................................................. 3
Lesson 12 ................................................................................................................................... 3
Present Continuous ................................................................................................................. 3
VERBS THAT ARE NOT USUALLY USED IN THE CONTINUOUS FORM ................. 3
Weather ................................................................................................................................... 3

Lesson 1

The English Alphabet

Vowels and diphthongs

Consonants

Greeting people
Informal

Formal

Hello!

Good morning! (Buna dimineata!)

Hi!

(Buna!)

Good afternoon! (Buna ziua!)

Hey, there!

Good evening! (Buna seara!)

Good night! (Noapte buna!)

What's up?

(Ce e nou? Ce faci?)

How are you?

(Ce faci/faceti?)

How it going?

(Cum iti merge?)

How do you do?

(Ce faci/faceti?)

I'm fine/well!

(Bine!/Sunt bine!)

I'm ok!/I'm good/Not bad!/ So so...

(Sunt ok!/Sunt bine!/Nu rau!/ Asa si-asa...)
Bye bye!

Good bye!

(Pa pa!)

(La revedere!)

See you soon!/ later!/ tomorrow!/ at 8!/ tonight!/ at work!)

(Ne vedem curand!/ mai tarziu!/ maine!/ la 8!/diseara!/la serviciu!)

Exercises and applications

Pronounciation
Diphthongs

[ei], [ai], [au], [oi], [ou]

ray ride how boy no;
The sound [ei] as in RAY
late Kate race base place same name take
dictate educate decorate celebrate concentrate investigate;
cable table able range change strange taste waste;
The sound [ai] as in RIDE
ride nice ice life file smile line fine quite rise wise prize hi;

polite combine arrive surprise despise organize modernize;

private library final minus crisis climate bicycle horizon item Ida;
idea ideal identity identical biology;
find kind mind blind child mild wild climb title idle;
The sound [au] as in HOW
how cow now allow owl brown down town clown drown crown crowd powder
browse browser;
loud proud cloud out shout about doubt foul noun house mouse mouth south
couch;
found ground around pound sound count amount mountain announce bounce;
hour our sour flour.
The sound [oi] as in BOY
noise voice avoid poison join coin point boil foil oil spoil toil exploit;
joy toy boy annoy employ destroy;
toying employing destroying annoying;
loyal royal destroyer employer.
The sound [ou] as in NO
role bone phone stone close note notice lonely home hope open ocean remote
suppose;
go ago no so toe hero zero veto ego echo radio studio Mexico potato
tomato logo motto;
solar polar modal total motor moment bonus focus vogue social soldier
coworker;
cold gold hold old bold sold told roll poll control bolt folk comb don't won't;

Lesson 2

The verb ''to be"

Present Tense
I am

We are

You are

You are

He/She/It is

They are

Past Tense
I was

We were

You were

You were

He/She/It was

They were

Numbers

Cardinal numbers
zero (in spoken language and for temperatures)
"O" (pronounced like the English letter "O"; used in spoken communication, especially
telephone numbers

1 one

7 seven

13 thirteen

2two

8 eight

14 fourteen

3 three

9 nine

15 fifteen

4 four

10 ten

16 sixteen

5 five

11 eleven

17 seventeen

6 six

12 twelve

18 eighteen

19 nineteen

40 fourty

100 one/ a hundred

20 twenty

50 fifty

101 one hundred and one

21 twenty-one

60 sixty

200 two hundred

22 twenty-two

70 seventy

300 three hundred

23 twenty-three

80 eighty

one million, a million

30 thirty

90 ninety

Ordinal numbers
1 first

12 twelfth

23 twenty-third

2 second

13 thirteenth

24 twenty-fourth

3 third

14 fourteenth

30 thirtieth

4 fourth

15 fifteenth

40 fortieth

5 fifth

16 sixteenth

50 fiftieth

6 sixth

17 seventeenth

60 sixtieth

7 seventh

18 eighteen

70 seventieth

8 eighth

19 nineteenth

80 eightieth

9 ninth

20 twentieth

90 ninetieth

10 tenth

21 twenty-first

100 hundred

11 eleventh

22 twenty-second

Expressing repetition
once (o data)
twice (de doua ori)
three times (de trei ori)
four times (de patru ori)
five times (de cinci ori)

Other useful words

about/approximately (cam/aproximativ/circa)
over/more than (peste/mai mult de...)
under/less than (sub/mai putin de...)

Lesson 3

Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
They take the place of nouns and are used as the subject of the verb in a sentence.
Singular
I
you
he/she/it
Plural
we
you
they
e.g.
My name is David. I am the youngest in the family.
This is my father. He is a teacher.

The following are also personal pronouns. They also take the place of nouns.These
pronouns are used as the object of the verb in a sentence.
The object of a sentence is the person, animal, place or thing that receives the action
shown by the verb.

(Dative/Accusative)
Singular
me
you
him/her/it

Plural
us
you
them

e.g
I am standing on my head. Look at me.
My mother is kind. Everybody likes her.
Possessive pronouns
Singular
my/mine
your/yours
his/hers/its

Plural
our/ours
your/yours
their/their

Reflexive pronouns
They refer to the person or animal that is the subject of the verb.
Singular
myself
yourself
himself/herself/itself

e.g.
Plural
ourselves
yourselves
themselves

I made this cake myself.

Be careful with the knife. Youll cut yourself.
Interrogative pronouns
These pronouns are used to ask questions.
Who?
Whom?
Whose?
What?
Which?
e.g.
Who are those people?
Whom are you playing with?
Which of these bags is yours?
Whose is this umbrella?
What is your dogs name?
Demonstrative Pronouns
They are showing words.
You use this and these when you point to things near you.
You use that and those when you point to things farther away.
Singular
this
that
e.g.
This is my house.
That is John's house.
These are my markers.
Those are his markers.

Plural
these
those

Colours
white - alb
yellow - galben
orange - portocaliu
pink - roz

red - rosu
brown - maro
green - verde
blue - albastru

purple - mov
grey/gray- gri
black- negru

Shades of colour

light green verde deschis

light brown maro deschis

dark brown maro inchis

dark green verde inchis

Other
silver / silver coloured - argintiu
gold /gold coloured - auriu
multicoloured - multicolor

bright green verde luminos

bright red rosu aprins

Lesson 4

The Noun
- substantivul -

A noun is a part of speech that is used to name a person, place, thing, quality, or
action.
Types of nouns:

proper (proprii) - refer to the name of a single person, place or thing (se refera la nume
de persoane, locuri sau lucruri): John, Joseph, London...
common (comune) - is the name of a group of similar things (numele unui grup de
lucruri asemanatoare, cunoscute: table, book, window...

countable (numarabile) - have a singular and a plural form (au forma de singular si
plural): friends, chairs, houses, boys...
uncountable (nenumarabile) - can only be used in singular (se folosesc numai la
singular): money, bread, water, coffee...

concrete (concrete) - name something recognizable through the sense (denumesc ceva
care poate fi recunoscut): table, dog, house...
abstract (abstracte) - names an idea, event, quality, or concept (nume de idei,
evenimente, calitati sau concepte): freedom, love, courage...

simple (simple) - dog, book, ice...

compound (compuse) - fruit juice, sister-in-law, football, underground, swimming
pool, software, whiteboard...

Gender of Nouns
- genul substantivelor -

3 types of nound gender (3 genuri):

Masculine - male beings (man, father, boy, uncle, husband, rooster...)

Feminine - female beings (woman, mother, girl, aunt, wife, hen...)

Neutral (person, parent, child, spouse, chicken..)

Masculine-feminine difference(diferenta masculin-feminin)

through siffixes (prin sufixe): actor -actress, prince - princess, hero - heroine
different words (prin cuvinte diferite): husband - wife, uncle - aunt, bull - cow, cock hen, fox - vixen

Singular and Plural of Nouns (singularul si pluralul substantivelor)

For the plural form of most nouns, add " s". (Pentru majoritatea formelor de singular,
se adauga "s")

bottle bottles (sticla)

cup cups(cana)

pencil pencils(creion)

desk desks(birou)

stick sticks (bat)

window windows(fereastra)

For nouns that end in ch, x, s, add "es". (Pentru substantivele care se termina in ch, x, s, se
adauga "es")

box boxes(cutie)

watch watches(ceas)

dress dresses(rochie)

bus buses(autobuz)

For nouns ending in f or fe, change f to v and add "es". (Pentru substantivele care se termina
in f sau fe, f se transforma in v si se adauga "es")

wolf wolves(lup)

wife wives(sotie)

leaf leaves(frunza)

life lives(viata)

Some nouns have different plural forms. (Unele substantive au pluraluri diferite)

child children(copil)

woman women(femeie)

man men(barbat)

mouse mice(soarece)

goose geese(gasca)

Nouns ending in vowels like y or o do not have definite rules. (Substantivele care se termina
in vocale ca y sau o nu au reguli fixe)

baby babies(bebelus)

toy toys(jucarie)

kidney kidneys(rinichi)

potato potatoes(cartof)

stereo stereos(stereo)

A few nouns have the same singular and plural forms. (Unele substantive au aceleasi forme de
singular sau plural)

sheep sheep (oaie)

deer deer(caprioara)

series series(serie)

species species(specie)

Choose the correct form of the noun in each sentence (Alegeti forma corecta a substantivului
in fiecare propozitie):
1) I have three (child, children).
2) There are five (man, men) and one (woman, women).
3) (Baby, Babies) play with bottles as toys.
4) I put two big (potato, potatoes) in the lunch box.
5) A few men wear (watch, watches).
6) I saw a (mouse, mice) running by.
7) There are few (bus, buses) on the road today.

Units of time
- unitati de timp second - secunda
minute - minut

hour - ora
day - zi

week - saptamana
weekend

month - luna
year - an

decade - decada
century - secol

Times of day
- parti ale zilei morning - dimineata
afternoon - dupa-amiaza
evening - seara
night - noapte

midday/noon - miezul
zilei/amiaza
midnight - miezul noptii
dawn - zori

dusk - amurg
sunset - apus
sunrise - rasarit

Days of the week

- zile ale saptamanii What day is it? Ce zi este?
Monday - luni
Tuesday - marti
Wednesday - miercuri
Thursday - joi
Friday - vineri
Saturday - sambata
Sunday - duminica
on Monday....

Months
- lunile January - ianuarie
February - februarie
March - martie
April - aprilie
May - mai
June - iunie

July - iulie
August - august
September - septembrie
October - octombrie
November - noiembrie
December- decembrie
in January...

Seasons
- anotimpurile -

spring - primavara

summer - vara

autumn/fall - toamna

winter - iarna

in summer...

Telling the Time

- sa spunem cat este ceasul -

What time is it? (Cat este ceasul?)

There are two common ways of telling the time.(Exista 2 moduri de a spune cat este ceasul)
1) Say the hour first and then the minutes. (Spunem intai ora si apoi minutele):
Hour + Minutes

6:25 - six twenty-five

8:05 - eight O-five
9:11 - nine eleven
2:34 - two thirty-four

2) Say the minutes first and then the hour. (Spunem intai minutele si apoi ora)
Minutes + PAST / TO + Hour
For minutes 1-30 we use PAST after the minutes.(Pentru minutele 1-30 folosim PESTE dupa minute)
For minutes 31-59 we use TO after the minutes. (Pentru minutele 31-59 folosim PANA LA dupa
minute)

2:35 - twenty-five to three

11:20 - twenty past eleven
4:18 - eighteen past four
8:51 - nine to nine
2:59 - one to three

When it is 15 minutes past the hour we normally say: a quarter past

(Cand au trecut 15 minute peste ora, de obicei spunem: un sfert peste ora)

7:15 - a quarter past seven

When it is 15 minutes before the hour we normally say: a quarter to

(Cand mai sunt 15 minute pana la ora, de obicei spunem: un sfert pana la ora)

12:45 - a quarter to one

When it is 30 minutes past the hour we normally say: half past

(Cand au trecut 30 minute peste ora, de obicei spunem: o jumatate de ora peste ...)

3:30 - half past three (but we can also say three-thirty)

O'clock (Fix)
We use o'clock when there are NO minutes. (Folosim fix atunci cand nu sunt minute)

10:00 - ten o'clock

5:00 - five o'clock

Asking for the Time

The common question forms we use to ask for the time right now are:
What time is it?or What is the time?

Giving the Time

We use It is or It's to respond to the questions that ask for the time right now.

It is half past five (5:30).

It's ten to twelve (11:50)

AM vs. PM
We don't normally use the 24-hour clock in English.
We use a.m. (am) for the morning and p.m. (pm) for the afternoon and night.
3am = Three o'clock in the morning.
3pm = Three o'clock in the afternoon

Lesson 5

THE ARTICLE
There are 3 types of articles in English:

Definite article

Indefinite article

Zero article

Indefinite articles
The words a, an and the are called articles.
The words a and an are indefinite articles.
They are used with singular nouns.
Use a before nouns that begin with a consonant.
Use an before nouns that begin with a vowel.
e.g.
John is reading a book.
Have you ever seen an elephant?

Some vowels have a consonant sound as well as vowel sound.

Use the article a with nouns that begin with these vowels:
e.g.
Is there a university in your town?
Does every child in the school wear a uniform?

Some words begin with a silent h.

Use an with nouns that begin with a silent h:
e.g.

Weve been waiting here for an hour.

Meeting the president was an honor for all of us.

Definite article
The word the is called the definite article.
Use the before a noun when you are talking to someone who already knows which person or
thing you mean.

e.g.
Dad is sitting in the garden.
Who made the mess on the carpet?
Ill wait for you in the car.
Using Nouns without Articles
When you are talking about something in general, not a particular thing, use a noun without
an article.
You can also use plural nouns without an article.
e.g.
Frogs are my favorite animals.
Children like playing games.
Babies cry a lot.
Nouns that don't show quantity are normally used without a or an.
The article the, however, may be used with nouns that don't show quantity.
e.g.
I like sunshine.
A clock measures time.
Would you pass me the salt, please.
You often use the singular nouns school, home, work, church without an article:
e.g.
We go to school by bus.
Dad has already left home for work.
They go to church on Sundays.

Family members

Family
great grandfather - strabunic
great grandmother - strabunica
grandfather (grandpa) - bunic
grandmother(grandma) - bunica
father (dad, daddy) - tata / step father - tata vitreg
mother (mom, mummy) - mama / step mother - mama vitrega
brother (bro') - frate / step brother, half brother - frate vitreg
sister (sis') - sora / step sister, half sister - sora vitrega
uncle - unchi
aunt (auntie) - matusa
cousin - var/verisoara
son - fiu
daughter - fiica
nephew - nepot
niece - nepoata
grandson - nepot
granddaughter - nepoata
In-laws:
father-in-law - socru
mother -in-law - soacra
brother-in-law - cumnat
sister-in-law - cumnata
son-in-law - ginere
daughter-in-law - nora

Lesson 6

Capital Letter Use

The capital letter is also called a big letter or uppercase letter, or sometimes just a capital.

When do you use a capital letter?

Use a capital letter for the first letter in a sentence:

The dog is barking.
Come here!

Always use a capital letter for the word I:

I am eight years old.
Tom and I are good friends.

Use a capital letter for the names of people:

Alice, Tom, James, Kim, Snow White

Use a capital letter for the names of places:

National Museum, Bronx Zoo, London, Sacramento

Use a capital letter for festivals, holidays,days of the week, months of the year:
New Years Day, Christmas, Labor Day, Mothers Day,
Sunday, Monday, Friday, January, May, July, October

Exercise 1
Circle the letters that should be CAPITALS. Then write the correct letter in the space
above them.
1 peter and i are good friends.
2 we are going to chicago during our summer vacation.
3 there is an interesting football game on sunday.
4 jason lives on thomson avenue.
5january is the first month of the year.

BODY PARTS

Skin (piele)
Superior
parts:

body

Head(cap):
Hair (par)

Forehead(frunte)
Ears(urechi)
Eyes(ochi): Eyelashes (gene)
Eyebrows(sprancene)
Nose(nas)
Mouth(gura): Teeth(dinti)

Tongue(limba)
Lips (buze)
Throat(gat)
Shoulders(umeri)
Chest (piept)
Arm (brat)
Elbow(cot)
Forearm(antebrat)
Wrist(incheietura)
Hand(mana)
Fingers(degete): thumb(degetul mare);
index(aratator);
middle(mijlociu);
ring(inelar);
little(mic)
Abdomen(abdomen)
Stomach(stomac)
Belly(burta)
Navel(buric)
Inferior body parts:
Waist(talie, mijloc)
Hips(solduri)
Bottom (fund)
Leg(picior)
Thigh(coapsa)
Knee(genunchi)
Calf (gamba)
Ankle(glezna)
Foot(picior)
Heel(calcai)

Toes(degetele piciorului)

THE SENSES

Sight (Vederea) - shiny / bright (stralucitor), colourful (colorat), dark (intunecat), round
(rotund), pointed (ascutit)
Hearing (Auzul) - high (inalt), low (redus, slab), loud (tare, zgomotos, rasunator), quiet (tacut),
shrill (ascutit, strident), squeaky (scartait).
Smell (Mirosul) - strong (puternic), fresh (proaspat), sweet (dulce), fishy (miros urat), musty
(mucegait)
Touch (Simt tactil) - rough (aspru), soft (fin), hot (fierbinte), cold (rece), bumpy (denivelat),
smooth (neted)
Taste (Gustul) - sour (acru), sweet (dulce), salty (sarat), bitter (amar), spicy
(picant/aromat/condimentat)

Lesson 7

The Simple Present Tense

Verbs have forms that are called tenses. They show us when an action happens. If an
action happens daily, weekly, monthly, annually, we use the simple present tense.
e.g.
I go to the mountains every month. (Merg la munte in fiecare luna.)
We have breakfast at 7.30 every morning.(Luam micul dejun la ora 7.30 in fiecare dimineata.)
The simple present is used to express habbits, hobby-uri.
e.g.
She plays tennis in her free time. (Ea joaca tenis in timpul liber.)
In the summer, they go to the seaside. (Vara, ei merg la mare.)
We use the simple present to express permanent states.
e.g.
He lives in Paris.(El locuieste la Paris.)
I work as a manager.(Eu lucrez ca manager.)
The simple present is used to express general truths.
e.g.
The earth moves around the sun.(Pamantul se misca in jurul soarelui.)
Water boils at 100C. (Apa fierbe la 100C.)
The simple present is used to talk about actions that will happen in the near future.
e.g.
We fly to London on Sunday. (Calatorim/Mergem la Londra duminica)
The train leaves in five minutes.(Trenul pleaca in 5 minute)

Animals
Domestic Animals (animale domestice)
cat pisica
dog caine
mouse soarece
rabbit iepure
rooster cocos
hen gaina

chicken pui
duck rata
goose gasca
turkey curcan
cow vaca
bull taur

goat capra
sheep oaie
donkey magar
mule catar
horse cal
pig porc

elephant elefant
kangaroo cangur
zebra zebra
monkey maimuta
gorilla gorilla
panda panda

rhinoceros rinocer
hippopotamus hipopotam
deer caprioara
giraffe girafa
squirrel veverita

Wild Animals (animale salbatice)

fox -vulpe
wolf - lup
tiger tigru
lion leu
leopard leopard
bear urs

Reptiles & amphibians (reptile si amfibieni)

frog broasca
turtle broasca testoasa

lizard soparla
snake sarpe

crocodile crocodile
alligator - aligator

dolphin delfin
whale balena

seal foca
octopus - caracatita

crow cioara
owl bufnita
eagle- vultur

falcon soim
woodpecker - ciocanitoare

Sea Animals (animale marine)

fish peste
shark rechin
Birds (pasari)
sparrow vrabie
pigeon porumbel
parrot papagal

Insects (insecte)
mosquito tantar
ant furnica
fly musca
moth molie

butterfly future
bee albino
wasp viespe
lady bug gargarita

beetle/bug gandac
scorpion scorpion
spider - paianjen

Plants

grass- iarba
root radacina
flower floare
dahlia dalie
sunflower floareasoarelui
carnation garoafa

fruit - fruct
tree copac

fruit tree pom

leaf - frunza

daffodil narcisa
orchid orhidee
rose trandafir
tulip lalea

poppy mac
dandelion papadie
daisy margareta
hyacinth - zambila

Lesson 8

Quantifiers

Words such as many, much and several tell about quantity without giving an exact
number. They are called quantifying determiners.(Cuvintele ca multe, mult, cateva arata
cantitatea fara a da un numar exact. Ele sunt numite quantificatori)
Some quantifying determiners are used only with plural nouns. They are few, a few,
fewer, many, several and both. (Unii cuantificatori sunt folositi doar cu substantive la plural. Ei
sunt: putin, mai putin, mult, cateva, ambele)
e.g.
Few people have been to the moon.
We went to Europe many years ago.
A few children are absent today.
Several friends went with me.
I have fewer CDs than you.
Both brothers have dark hair.
Some quantifying determiners can be used with plural nouns and nouns that show no
exact number. They are all, half, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, more, most, other and plenty
of.(Unii quatificatori pot fi folositi cu substantive la plural si cu substantive care nu arata un
numar exact. Ei sunt: tot, jumatate, niste, sufficient, multe, mai multe, cele mai multe, altele si o
multime de).
e.g.
All children seem to like chocolate.
Jenny spends half her time watching television.
Can I have some water?
Do you have enough books to read?
A lot of people like burgers.
You will gain weight if you eat lots of ice cream.
Youve got more brothers than I have.
Most teachers enjoy teaching.
He likes playing with other children.
Drink plenty of water every day.

Some determiners can be used only with nouns of no exact number. They are little
(meaning not much), a little (meaning some), much and less. (Unii quantificatori se folosesc
numai impreuna cu substantive care nu arata un numar exact. Ei sunt: putin, mult, mai putin)
e.g.
We have little time to play.
Theres a little rice left.
Does the teacher give you much homework?
Ive got less ice cream than you.

Some quantifying determiners can only be used with singular nouns. They are another,
every and each.(Unii quantificatori pot fi folositi doar cu substantive la singular. Ei sunt: altul,
fiecare.)
e.g.
I need another pencil.
He likes every child in the class.
Each house is painted a different color.
The quantifying determiners either and neither refer to two people or things.
(Quantificatorul nici se foloseste atunci cand ne referim la 2 persoane sau la 2 lucruri)
e.g.

I dont like either drink.

Neither sister has long hair.

Some quantifying determiners are used with singular, plural, or nouns of no exact
quantity. They are any, no, no other and the other. (Unii quatificatori sunt folositi cu substantive
la singular, la plural sau care nu arata cantitatea. Ei sunt vreo/vreun, nici un/o, nici o alta, alta)
e.g.

Any dog will bite if its afraid.

No child likes getting hurt.
There is no other way of solving the problem.
Do you like this picture or the other picture?
The other boys laughed at him.

Foods & Drinks

Foods:
bacon bacon
beef carne de vita
veal carne de vitel
chicken carne de pui
duck carne de rata
pork carne de porc
ham sunca
lamb carne de miel
salami salam
sausages - carnati
turkey carne de curcan
fish peste
cereal cereal

cornflakes fulgi de porumb

bread paine
toast paine prajita
eggs oua
pasta - paste
pizza - pizza
spaghetti - spaghete
noodles taitei
rice orez
soup supa
French fries cartofi prajiti
Stew tocana

Dairy:
butter unt
cream smantana
cheese branza

milk lapte
yoghurt iaurt

Sweets:
sugar zahar
jam gem
marmalade marmelada
honey miere
chocolate ciocolata

cake tort / prajitura

pastry produs de patisserie
pie placinta
ice-cream - inghetata

Vegetables:
cabbage - varza
carrot - morcov
cucumber castravete
beans fasole
garlic usturoi
onion - ceapa

pepper ardei / piper

pumpkin dovleac
radish ridiche
potato cartof
tomato rosie
mushroom ciuperca

Fruits:
Apple mar
Apricot - caisa

Banana banana
Cherry cireasa

Blackberry mura
Blueberry coacaza
Raspberry zmeura
Strawberry capsuna
Coconut nuca de cocos
Grape strugure
Grapefruit grepfrut
Kiwi - kiwi
Lemon lamiae
Orange portocala

Melon pepene galben

Watermelon pepene verde
Peach piersica
Pear para
Plum pruna
Pomegranate rodie
Fig smochina
Raisin stafida
Olive - maslina

Herbs:
celery telina
leek praz
leustean lovage
parsley patrunjel

dill - marar
basil busuioc
rosemary rozmarin
thyme cimbru

Spices & sauces:

Ketchup - ketchup
Mayonnaise maioneza
Mustard mustar
Salt sare
Pepper piper
Vinegar otet

Chilli chilli
Paprika boia de ardei
Saffron sofran
Cinnamon scortisoara
Curry curry
Olive oil ulei de masline

Drinks:
Soft drinks:
Water apa
Still water apa plata
Sparkling/mineral water apa
minerala
Juice suc (e.g. apple juice, orange
juice, etc.)
Tea ceai

Lemonade limonada
Milkshake (bautura de lapte cu
inghetata)
Smoothie (bautura de fruncte pasate)
Coffee cafea
Cocoa lapte cu cacao
Hot chocolate ciocolata calda

Alcoholic drinks:
Beer bere
Wine vin
Champagne - sampanie
Liqueur lichior

Gign gin
Rum rom
Whisky / whiskey
Vodka

Lesson 9

The Adjective
An adjective is a describing word. It tells you more about a noun. An adjective usually
appears before the noun it describes. Sometimes, though, the adjective appears after the noun,
later in the sentence.
e.g.
a busy street(o strada aglomerata)
a dark corner(un colt intunecat)

a deep sea(o mare adanca)

a large bed(un pat mare)

Adjective endings(terminatia adjectivelor)

Adjectives have different endings.

Some adjectives end in -ful or -less.

e.g.
a beautiful dress(o rochie frumoasa)
a careless driver(un conducator neatent)
a faithful dog(un caine credincios)
a harmless insect(o insect inofensiva)
a useful tool(o unealta folositoare)
An adjective that ends in -less is the opposite of the same adjective that ends in -ful.
For example:
careful careless(atent neatent)
useful useless(folositor nefolositor)
colorful colorless (colorat incolor)
harmful harmless(raufacator inofensiv)
The -ful ending means having a lot of something.
For example:
painful = having a lot of pain (pain = durere)
hopeful = having a lot of hope (hope = speranta)
The -less ending means without.
For example:
leafless = without leaves (leaf = frunza)
sleeveless = without sleeves (sleeve = maneca)

 Some adjectives end in -y.

a dirty street(murdara)
a noisy room(galagioasa)
a sleepy passenger(somnoros)
a sunny day(insorita)
a stormy sea(furtunoasa)
a muddy path(noroioasa)
Some adjectives end in -ive.
an active child(activ)
an attractive hat(atractiv)
a creative toy(creativ)
an expensive necklace(scump)
Some adjectives end in -ly.
a costly diamond ring(costisitor)
an elderly woman(varstnica)
lively kittens(plini de viata)
a lonely boy(singur)
a lovely girl(simpatica)
a weekly magazine(saptamanala)

Here are some adjectives with the endings -able, -al, -en, -ible, -ish and -ous.

childish behavior(copilaresc)
a national costume(national)
a comfortable chair(confortabil)
a musical instrument(musical)
a dangerous place (periculos)
a terrible mess(teribila)
a famous pop singer(faimos)
a foolish act(prostesc)
a woolen sweater(din lana)
a horrible smell (oribil)
a wooden table (din lemn)
a loveable koala(dragut)
Kinds of adjectives
There are different kinds of adjectives.
Some adjectives describe the qualities of nouns.

Some adjectives tell you which place or country a person or thing comes from, or belongs
to. They are called adjectives of origin.

e.g.
Chinese kungfu
an Indian temple
a Mexican hat
the English language
the French flag
an Italian car
a Japanese garden
a Scottish kilt
Thai boxing

Some adjectives tell you the color of things.

e.g.
The sea is blue.
George is wearing brown shoes.
I dont like green apples.
Carrots are orange.
Flamingos are pink.
Eggplants are purple.
Roses are red.

Some adjectives tell you the size of the nouns they describe.

e.g.
a big hat
broad shoulders
a high mountain
a large ship
a long bridge
a low ceiling
a narrow path
small animals
tiny insects
a wide street

Numbers are adjectives, too. They tell you how many people, animals, or things there
are. Sometimes they are called adjectives of quantity.

e.g.
one giant

ten apples
fifteen eggs

Other adjectives tell you something about quantity without giving you the exact number.

a lot of books
a few puppies
not many people
too much salt
lots of insects
plenty of money
some food

e.g.

Comparison of adjectives

When you compare two people or things, use the comparative form of the adjective.
Lots of comparative adjectives end in -er.

e.g.
(mare)big bigger
(mic)small smaller
(ieftin)cheap cheaper
(zgomotos)loud louder
(nou)new newer
(vechi)old older
(bogat))rich richer
(scund)short shorter
(inalt)tall taller
(incet)slow slower

Use the superlative form of an adjective to compare three or more nouns. Lots of
superlatives end in -est.

e.g.
(inchis)dark darker darkest
(mare)big bigger biggest
(usor)easy easier easiest
(greu)heavy heavier heaviest
(fierbinte)hot hotter hottest
(zgomotos)noisy noisier noisiest
(simplu)simple simpler simplest
(lung)long longer longest

With some adjectives, you use more to make the comparative form, and most to make
the superlative form.

e.g.
active
beautiful

more active
more beautiful

most active
most beautiful

The comparative and superlative forms of some adjectives are completely different
words.

e.g.
good
little
bad
few
many
much

better
less
worse
less
more
more

best
least
worst
least
most
most

The house

Furniture in the living room:

Furniture in the kitchen:
Sofa - canapea
Armchairs - fotolii
Carpet - covor
Coffee table masuta pentru cafea
Television(TV)
Furniture in the bedroom:
Bed - pat
Wardrobe - sifonier
Chest of drawers - dulap
Curtains/blinds - perdele
Rug - covor
Lamp - lampa
Bedside table - noptiera
Bookcase (with shelves) - biblioteca

Table - masa
Chairs - scaune
Fridge - frigider
Cooker(oven and hob) aragaz (cuptor si plita)
Sink - chiuveta
Dishwasher spalator de vase
Microwave - microunde
In the bathroom:
Toilet - toaleta
Shower - dus
Bathtub - cada
Sink - chiuveta
Mirror - oglinda

Lesson 10

The Simple Past Tense

Use of Simple Past

For irregular verbs, use the past form (2nd column). For regular verbs, just add ed.

actions in the past taking place once, never or several times

e.g.
He visited his parents every weekend.
He did his homework and went outside to play.

actions in the past taking place one after the other

e.g.
He came in, took off his coat and sat down.

actions in the past taking place in the middle of another action

e.g.
When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

something that was true for some time in the past:

e.g.
I lived abroad for ten years.
He enjoyed being a student.
She played a lot of tennis when she was younger.
we often use phrases with ago with the past tense:
e.g.
I met my wife a long time ago.

Irregular Verb List

A fi
A incepe

Infinitive
be
begin

Past Simple Past Participle

was/were
been
began
begun

A sparge
A aduce
A cumpara
A construi
A alege
A veni
A costa
A taia
A face
A desena
A conduce
A manca
A simti
A gasi
A obtine
A da
A merge
A avea
A auzi
A tine
A pastra
A sti
A pleca
A conduce
A lasa
A minti
A pierde
A face
A insemna
A intalni
A plati
A pune
A alerga
A spune
A vedea
A vinde
A trimite
A stabili

break
bring
buy
build
choose
come
cost
cut
do
draw
drive
eat
feel
find
get
give
go
have
hear
hold
keep
know
leave
lead
let
lie
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
run
say
see
sell
send
set

broke
brought
bought
built
chose
came
cost
cut
did
drew
drove
ate
felt
found
got
gave
went
had
heard
held
kept
knew
left
led
let
lay
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
set

broken
brought
bought
built
chosen
come
cost
cut
done
drawn
driven
eaten
felt
found
got
given
gone
had
heard
held
kept
known
left
led
let
lain
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
run
said
seen
sold
sent
set

A sta
A vorbi
A cheltui
A sta
A lua
A preda
A spune
A gandi
A intelege
A purta
A castiga
A scrie

sit
speak
spend
stand
take
teach
tell
think
understand
wear
win
write

sat
spoke
spent
stood
took
taught
told
thought
understood
wore
won
wrote

sat
spoken
spent
stood
taken
taught
told
thought
understood
worn
won
written

Clothes
Men Clothes
a shirt - camasa

a pair of trousers - pantaloni

a jacket - jacheta
a pair of trainers - adidasi

a t-shirt - tricou
a pair of boots - ghete

a waistcoat - vesta

a jumper - pulover

Women Clothes
a dress - rochie

a blouse - bluza

a pair of briefs - chiloti

a bra - sutien

a skirt - fusta
a pair of tights -dresuri

a top - top
a dressing gown - halat

Footwear
a pair of mans shoes pantofi
barbatesti

a pair of trainers adidasi

a pair of slippers - papuci

a pair of wellingtons - cizme

a pair of moccasins - mocasini

a pair of boots - ghete

a pair of socks -sosete

a pair of flip flops - slapi

a pair of women's shoes pantofi

de dama

Lesson 11

The Simple Future Tense

Structure:
Subject + will(auxiliary verb) + verb(base form)
The auxiliary verb (will) is invariable
For negative sentences we insert not between the auxiliary verb and the main verb.
For question sentences, we exchange the subject and the auxiliary verb.
Contracted form:
I will Ill
You will youll
She/he/it will shell,hell, itll
We will well
You will youll
They will theyll
Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Both "will" and "be
going to" refer to a specific time in the future.
FORM Be Going To
[am/is/are + going to + verb]
e.g.
You are going to meet Jane tonight.
Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
You are not going to meet Jane tonight.
Express a Voluntary Action
"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. We "will" when we request
that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't"
when we refuse to voluntarily do something.
e.g
I will send you the information when I get it.
Will you make dinner?

I will not do your homework for you.

A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.
Express a Promise
"Will" is usually used in promises.
e.g.
I will call you when I arrive.
I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
Don't worry, I'll be careful.
I won't tell anyone your secret.
Express a Plan
"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do
something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
e.g.
She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.
Express a Prediction
Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future.
Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future.
e.g.
The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
John Smith will be the next President.
John Smith is going to be the next President.

Jobs

accountant(s) - contabil

baker(s) - brutar

barber(s) - frizer

barman (barmen) - barman

builder(s) - constructor

carpenter(s) - tamplar

cashier(s) - casier

chef(s) - bucatar

cleaner(s) - curatitor

doctor(s) - doctor

electrician(s) - electrician

fireman (firemen) pompier

butcher(s) - macelar

chambermaid(s) - camerista

dentist(s) - dentist

engineer(s) - inginer

flight attendant(s) insotitor de zbor

hairdresser(s) - coafor

judge(s) - judecator

lawyer(s) - avocat

nurse(s) - asistenta

optician(s) - optician

painter(s) - zugrav

photographer(s) - fotograf plumber(s) - instalator

porter(s) - hamal

reporter(s) - reporter

post[wo]man
(post[wo]men) - postas

sales assistant(s) asistent

in vazari

policeman (policemen) politist

receptionist(s) - receptioner

sales representative(s)
reprezentant in vanzari

scientist(s) om de stiinta

secretary (secretaries) secretara

surgeon(s) - chirurg

tailor(s) - croitor

teacher(s) - profesor

technician(s) - tehnician

vet(s) - veterinar

waiter(s) - ospatar

welder(s) - sudor

Hobbies and Interests

bowling

camping

card games

crosswords

chess

darts

cinema

eating out

computer games

gardening

the Internet
cooking

knitting

Painting
playing guitar

pool

puzzle games

sailing

reading

sunbathing

watching TV

travelling

Lesson 12

Present Continuous
Form:
Subject + auxiliary verb + Verb + ing

When do you use the present progressive tense? To talk about actions in the present, or things
that are still going on or happening now.
e.g.
I am writing a letter.
The phone is ringing.
The present participle is the form of a verb ending with -ing.
e.g.
show + ing = showing
come + ing = coming
You have to double the last letter of some verbs before you add -ing.
e.g.
get + ing = getting rob + ing = robbing
nod + ing = nodding stop + ing = stopping
jog + ing = jogging swim + ing = swimming
Notice that the verbs above are all short verbs of just one syllable. They all end with a
consonant such as b, d, g, m, p, t and have only one vowel before the consonant.
If a verb ends in e, you usually have to drop the e before you add -ing.
e.g.
chase + ing = chasing
cycle + ing = cycling
drive + ing = driving
smile + ing = smiling
The present continuous is used:

to describe an action that is going on at this moment:

You are using the Internet.

You are studying English grammar.

to describe an action that is going on during this period of time or a trend:

Are you still working for the same company?
More and more people are becoming vegetarian.

to describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared:
We're going on holiday tomorrow.
I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight.

to describe a temporary event or situation:

He usually plays the drums, but he's playing bass guitar tonight.
The weather forecast was good, butit's raining at the moment.

with "always, forever, constantly", to describe and emphasise a continuing series of

repeated actions:
Harry and Sally are always arguing!
You're constantly complaining about your mother-in-law!
VERBS THAT ARE NOT USUALLY USED IN THE CONTINUOUS FORM

The verbs in the list below are normally used in the simple form because they refer to states, rather
than actions or processes.

SENSES / PERCEPTION

to feel*
to hear
to see*
to smell
to taste

OPINION

to assume
to believe
to consider
to doubt
to feel (= to think)
to find (= to consider)

to suppose
to think*

MENTAL STATES

to forget
to imagine
to know
to mean
to notice
to recognise
to remember
to understand

EMOTIONS / DESIRES

to envy
to fear
to dislike
to hate
to hope
to like
to love
to mind
to prefer

to regret
to want
to wish

OTHERS

to look (=resemble)
to seem
to be (in most cases)
to have(when it means "to possess")

EXCEPTIONS
Perception verbs (see, hear, feel, taste, smell) are often used with can: : I can see... These verbs
may be used in the continuous form but with a different meaning

This coat feels nice and warm. (your perception of the coat's qualities)
John's feeling much better now (his health is improving)
She has three dogs and a cat. (possession)
She's having supper. (She's eating)
I can see Anthony in the garden (perception)
I'm seeing Anthony later (We are planning to meet)

Perception verbs (see, hear, feel, taste, smell) are often used with can: I can see... These verbs
may be used in the continuous form but with a different meaning

This coat feels nice and warm. (your perception of the coat's qualities)
John's feeling much better now (his health is improving)
She has three dogs and a cat. (possession)
She's having supper. (She's eating)
I can see Anthony in the garden (perception)
I'm seeing Anthony later (We are planning to meet)

Weather
Hot - firebinte
Warm - cald
Cold - rece
Sunny - insorit
Cloudy - innorat
Overcast - mohorat
Rain - ploaie

Lightning fulger
Thunder - tunet
Snow - zapada
Hailstone - grindina
Rain and snow - lapovita
Thunder storm - furtuna
Frost - inghet

Freeze - ger
Dew roua
Fog -ceata
Wind - vant
Strong wind vant puternic
Rainbow - curcubeu
Clear senin

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.Turai, Ioana Maria, Gramatica limbii engleze, Editura Corint, Bucureti, 2008
2. Chirea Ungureanu, Carmen, English Grammar Exercises and quizzes, Editura Andrei aguna,
Constana, 2006
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