List[edit]

No

Amendments

Enforced

Added special provision for the advancement of any socially

Amend articles

and educationally backward classes or for the Scheduled

15, 19, 85, 87,

Castes and the Scheduled Tribes. To fully secure the

174, 176, 341,

1

Objectives

since

342, 372 and 376. 18 June

Insert articles 31A 1951
and 31B.

constitutional validity of zamindari abolition laws and to place

reasonable restriction on freedom of speech. A new
constitutional device, called Schedule 9 introduced to protect
laws that are contrary to the Constitutionally guaranteed

Insert schedule 9.

fundamental rights. These laws encroach upon property rights,

[3]

freedom of speech and equality before law

Amend article
81(1)(b).

[4]

1 May 1953

Removed the upper population limit for a parliamentary

constituency by amending Article 81(1)(b).

Re-enacted entry 33 of the Concurrent List in the Seventh

Schedule with relation to include trade and commerce in, and
3

Amend schedule 22 February

7.[5]

1955

the production, supply and distribution of 4 classes of essential

commodities, viz., foodstuffs, including edible oil seeds and oils;
cattle fodder, including oilcakes and other concentrates; raw
cotton whether ginned or unginned, and cotton seeds; and raw
jute.

Amend articles
4

31, 35 band 305.

Amend schedule

27 April 1955

Restrictions on property rights and inclusion of related bills in

Schedule 9 of the constitution

9.

[6]

Amend article 3.[7] 24

December

Empowered the President to prescribe a time limit for a State

Legislature to convey its views on proposed Central laws

No
.

Amendments

Enforced
since

Objectives

relating to the formation of new States and alteration of areas,

boundaries or names of existing States. Also permitted the
1955

President to extend the prescribed limit, and prohibited any

such bill from being introduced in Parliament until after the
expiry of the prescribed or extended period.

Amend articles
6

269 and 286.

Amend schedule
7.[8]

11
September

Amend the Union and State Lists with respect to raising of taxes

1956

Amend articles 1,
3, 49, 80, 81, 82,
131, 153, 158,
168, 170, 171,
216, 217, 220,
222, 224, 230,
7

231 and 232.

1 November Reorganization of states on linguistic lines, abolition of Class A,

Insert articles

1956

B, C, D states and introduction of Union Territories

258A, 290A, 298,

350A, 350B, 371,
372A and 378A.
Amend part 8.
Amend schedules
1, 2, 4 and 7.[9]

Amend article

5 January

334.[10]

1960

Extended the period of reservation of seats for the Scheduled

Castes and Scheduled Tribes and Anglo-Indians in the Lok
Sabha and the State Legislative Assemblies till 1970

No

Amendments

Amend schedule
1.[11]

Enforced

Objectives

since

28

Minor adjustments to territory of Indian Union consequent to

December

agreement with Pakistan for settlement of disputes by

1960

demarcation of border villages, etc.

11 August

Incorporation of Dadra, Nagar and Haveli as a Union Territory,

Amend article
10

240.

Amend schedule 1961

consequent to acquisition from Portugal

1.

[12]

Election of Vice President by Electoral College consisting of

11

Amend articles 66
and 71.[13]

19

members of both Houses of Parliament, instead of election by a

December

Joint Sitting of Parliament. Indemnify the President and Vice

1961

President Election procedure from challenge on grounds of

existence of any vacancies in the electoral college

Amend article
12

240.
Amend schedule
1.

[14]

20
December
1961

Incorporation of Goa, Daman and Diu as a Union Territory,

consequent to acquisition from Portugal

Amend article
13

170.

Insert new article 1963

371A.

14

1 December Formation of State of Nagaland, with special protection under

Article 371A

[15]

Amend articles 81 28

Incorporation of Pondicherry into the Union of India and creation

and 240.

December

of Legislative Assemblies for Himachal Pradesh, Tripura,

Insert article

1962

Manipur and Goa

239A.

No

Amendments

Enforced

Objectives

since

Amend schedules
1 and 4.[16]

Amend articles
124, 128, 217,
222, 224, 226,
15

297, 311 and 316. 5 October

Insert article

1963

224A.

Raise retirement age of High court judges from 60 to 62 and

other minor amendments for rationalizing interpretation of rules
regarding judges etc.

Amend schedule
7.[17]

Amend articles
16

19, 84 and 173.

5 October

Amend schedule 1963

3.[18]

Make it obligatory for seekers of public office to swear their

allegiance to the Indian Republic and prescribe the various
obligtory templates

Amend article
17

31A.

20 June

Amend schedule 1964

To secure the constitutional validity of acquisition of Estates and

place land acquisition laws in Schedule 9 of the constitution

9.

[19]

18

19

20

Amend article 3.[20]

27 August

Technical Amendment to include Union Territories in Article 3

1966

and hence permit reorganisation of Union Territories

Amend article

11 December Abolish Election Tribunals and enable trial of election petitions

324.

1966

by regular High Courts

22

Indemnify & validate judgments, decrees, orders and sentences

[21]

Insert article

No

Amendments

Enforced

Objectives

since

passed by judges and to validate the appointment, posting,

233A.

[22]

December
1966

promotion and transfer of judges barring a few who were not

eligible for appointment under article 233. Amendment needed
to overcome the effect of judgment invalidating appointments of
certain judges in the state of Uttar Pradesh

21

Amend schedule
8.[23]

Amend article
22

275.
Insert articles
244A and 371B.[24]

10 April 1967 Include Sindhi as an Official Language

25
September

Provision to form Autonomous states within the State of Assam

1969

Discontinued reservation of seats for the Scheduled Tribes in

Nagaland, both in the Lok Sabha and the State Legislative
Amend articles
23

330, 332, 333 and

334.

[25]

23 January
1970

Assembly and stipulated that not more than one Anglo-Indian

could be nominated by the Governor to any State Legislative
Assembly. Extend reservation for SC/ST and Anglo Indian
members in the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies for another
ten years, i.e. up to 1980.

24

25

Amend articles 13 5 November Enable parliament to dilute fundamental rights through

and 368.[26]

1971

amendments to the constitution

Amend article 31. 20 April 1972 Restrict property rights and compensation in case the state
Insert article 31C.

takes over private property. However, the Supreme Court

[27]

quashed a part of Article 31C, to the extent it took away the

power of judicial review. This was done in the landmark case of

No
.

Amendments

Enforced

Objectives

since

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) 4 SCC 225

which for the first time enunciated the Basic structure doctrine.

Amend article
366.
26

28

Insert article

December

363A.

1971

Remove articles

Abolition of privy purse paid to former rulers of princely states

which were incorporated into the Indian Republic

291 and 362.[28]

Amend articles
27

239A and 240.

15 February Reorganization of Mizoram into a Union Territory with a

Insert articles

1972

legislature and council of ministers

312A.

29 August

Rationalize Civil Service rules to make it uniform across those

Remove article

1972

appointed prior to Independence and post independence

239B and 371C.

[29]

Insert article
28

314.

29

30

31

[30]

Amend schedule
9.[31]

9 June 1972

Amend article

27 February

133.[32]

1973

Amend articles

17 October

81, 330 and 332.

Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under

Schedule 9 of the constitution

Change the basis for appeals in Supreme Court of India in case

of Civil Suits from value criteria to one involving substantial
question of law

Increase size of Parliament from 525 to 545 seats. Increased

seats going to the new states formed in North East India and

No

Amendments

[33]

Enforced

Objectives

since

1973

minor adjustment consequent to 1971 Delimitation exercise

Amend article
371.
Insert
32

articles 371D and 1 July 1974

371E.

Protection of regional rights in Telangana and Andhra regions of

State of Andhra Pradesh

Amend schedule
7.[34]

33

34

Amend articles
101 and 190.[35]

Prescribes procedure for resignation by members of parliament

19 May 1974 and state legislatures and the procedure for verification and
acceptance of resignation by house speaker

Amend schedule 7 September Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under
9.[36]

1974

Schedule 9 of the constitution

1 March

Terms and Conditions for the Incorporation of Sikkim into the

1975

Union of India

Amend articles 80
and 81.
35

Insert article 2A.

Insert schedule
10.[37]

36

Amend articles 80 26 April 1975 Formation of Sikkim as a State within the Indian Union
and 81.
Insert article 371F.
Remove article
2A.
Amend schedules

No
.

Amendments

Enforced

Objectives

since

1 and 4.
Remove schedule
10.[38]

37

Amend articles
239A and 240.[39]

3 May 1975 Formation of Arunachal Pradesh legislative assembly

Amend articles
38

123, 213, 239B,

1 August

352, 356, 359 and 1975

360.

Enhances the powers of President and Governors to pass

ordinances

[40]

Amendment designed to negate the judgement of Allahabad

High Court invalidating Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's election
to parliament. Amendment placed restrictions on judicial
scrutiny of post of Prime Minister. The amendment was
introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha on August 7, 1975 and
again introduced and passed in the Rajya Sabha on August 8,

Amend articles 71

1975. As many as 17 State Assemblies, summoned on

and 329.
39

Insert article

10 August

329A.

1975

Amend schedule
9.[41]

Saturday, August 9 ratified this amendment and President

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad gave his assent on Sunday, August 10
and the civil servants issued gazette notification on Sunday,
August 10, 1975. As a consequence of this amendment to the
Constitution of India, Supreme Court of India's scheduled
hearing on August 11, 1975 of Petition challenging Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi's election became infructuous.

[42]

Later however, Article 329A was struck down by the Supreme

Court in case of Indira Nehru Gandhi vs Shri Raj Narain 1976
(2) SCR 347, for being in violation of basic structure.
40

Amend article

27 May 1976 Enable Parliament to make laws with respect to Exclusive

No
.

Amendments

Enforced
since

Economic Zone and vest the mineral wealth with Union of India

297.

41

Objectives

Amend schedule

Place land reform & other acts and amendments to these act

9.[43]

under Schedule 9 of the constitution

Amend article

7 September

316.[44]

1976

Raise Retirement Age Limit of Chairmen and Members of Joint

Public Service Commissions and State Public Service
Commissions from sixty to sixty two.

Amend articles
31, 31C, 39, 55,
74, 77, 81, 82, 83,
100, 102, 103,
105, 118, 145,
150, 166, 170,
172, 189, 191,
192, 194, 208,

42

217, 225, 226,

Amendment passed during internal emergency by Indira

227, 228, 311,

Gandhi. Provides for curtailment of fundamental rights, imposes

312, 330, 352,

fundamental duties and changes to the basic structure of the

353, 356, 357,

358, 359, 366,
368 and 371F.
Insert articles
31D, 32A, 39A,

2 November constitution by making India a "Socialist Secular" Republic

1976
However, the Supreme Court, in Minerva Mills v. Union of India,
quashed the amendments to Articles 31C and 368 as it was in
contravention with the basic structure of the Constitution.

43A, 48A, 131A,

139A, 144A,
226A, 228A and
257A.
Insert parts 4A
and 14A.
Amend schedule
7.[45]
43

Amend articles
145, 226, 228 and

13 April 1978 Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in

the Country. Repeals some of the more 'Anti-Freedom'

No

Amendments

Enforced

Objectives

since

366.
Remove articles
31D, 32A, 131A,

amendments enacted through Amendment Bill 42

144A, 226A and

228A.[46]
Amend articles
19, 22, 30, 31A,
31C, 38, 71, 74,
77, 83, 103, 105,
123, 132, 133,
134, 139A, 150,
166, 172, 192,
194, 213, 217,

Amendment passed after revocation of internal emergency in

225, 226, 227,

44

239B, 329, 352,

6 September

356, 358, 359,

1978

360 and 371F.

the Country. Provides for human rights safeguards and

mechanisms to prevent abuse of executive and legislative
authority. Annuls some Amendments enacted in Amendment Bill
42

Insert articles
134A and 361A.
Remove articles
31, 257A and
329A.
Amend part 12.
Amend schedule
9.[47]

45

Amend article

25 January

334.[48]

1980

Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian

members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten
years i.e. up to 1990

Amend articles
46

269, 286 and 366. 2 February

Amendment to negate judicial pronouncements on scope and

Amend schedule 1983

applicability on Sales Tax

7.

[49]

47

Amend schedule 26 August

Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under

No

Amendments

9.[50]
48

Amend article
356.[51]

244.
Amend schedules
5 and 6.

50

51

[52]

Amend article 33.

[53]

Amend articles
330 and 332.[54]

1 April 1985

11
September
1984

52

191.
Insert schedule

56
57

Recognize Tripura as a Tribal State and enable the creation of a

Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council

per Part III as prescribed in Article 33 to cover Security

1984

Personnel protecting property and communication infrastructure

Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland,

29 April 1984 Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative

Assemblies
Anti Defection Law - Provide disqualification of members from
parliament and assembly in case of defection from one party to
15 February other. However, parts of the 10th Schedule to the Constitution of
1985

India was struck down by the Supreme Court in the case of

Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachillhu 1992 SCR (1) 686, for being in
contravention with Article 368 of the Constitution.

Insert article

20 February

371G.

1986

[56]

125 and 221.

Amend schedule

Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram.

Increase the salary of Chief Justice of India & other Judges and
1 April 1986 to provide for determining future increases without the need for
constitutional amendment

2.[57]
55

in the state of Punjab

September

Amend articles
54

Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to two years

Technical Amendment to curtailment of Fundamental Rights as

10.[55]

53

Schedule 9 of the constitution

11

Amend articles
101, 102, 190 and

Objectives

since
1984

Amend article
49

Enforced

Insert article

20 February Special powers to Governor consequent to formation of state of

371H.

1987

[58]

Insert article 371I.

[59]

Arunachal Pradesh

30 May 1987 Transition provision to enable formation of state of Goa

Amend article

21

Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Nagaland,

332.[60]

September

Meghalaya, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh Legislative

No
.

Amendments

Enforced

1987
Insert article
58

9 December

394A.
Amend part 22.

[61]

1987

Amend article
59

356.
Insert article
359A.

60

61

62

276.

[63]

on date and provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of

future amendments

in the state of Punjab, Articles 352 and Article 359A amended to

1988

permit imposing emergency in state of Punjab or in specific

districts of the state of Punjab

20
December

Amend article

28 March

326.[64]

1989

334.[65]

Provision to publish authentic Hindi translation of constitution as

30 March

1988

Amend article

Assemblies

Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years

[62]

Amend article

Objectives

since

Profession Tax increased from a minimum of Rs. 250/- to a

maximum of Rs. 2500/-

Reduce age for voting rights from 21 to 18

20

Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian

December

members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten

1989

years i.e. up to 2000

6 January

Emergency powers applicable to State of Punjab, accorded in

1990

Article 359A as per amendment 59 repealed

Amend article
63

356.
Remove article
359A.

64

65

66

67
68

[66]

Amend article
356.[67]

16 April 1990

Amend article

12 March

338.[68]

1990

Amend schedule
9.[69]

7 June 1990

Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to three years

and six months in the state of Punjab
National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes formed and its statutory powers specified in The
Constitution.
Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under
Schedule 9 of the constitution

Amend article

4 October

Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to four years

356.

1990

in the state of Punjab

12 March

Article 356 amended to permit President's rule up to five years

[70]

Amend article

No

Amendments

356.[71]

239AA and
239AB.

70

71

72

[72]

Amend articles 54
and 239AA.[73]

1 February
1992
21
December
1991

Amend schedule 31 August

8.[74]

1992

Insert part 9A.[77]

1 June 1992

79

80

Territory
Include National Capital of Delhi and Union Territory of
Pondicherry in electoral college for Presidential Election

Include Konkani, Manipuri and Nepali as Official Languages

1992

74

78

Federal National Capital of Delhi. Delhi continues to be a Union

332.

24 April 1992

77

To provide for a legislative assembly and council of ministers for

5 December Provide reservation to Scheduled Tribes in Tripura State

[75]

Insert part 9.[76]

76

in the state of Punjab

Amend article

73

75

Objectives

since
1991

Insert articles
69

Enforced

Amend article
323B.[78]

1994

Amend article 16. 17 June

1995

[80]

Statutory provisions for Panchyat Raj as third level of

administration in villages
Statutory provisions for Local Administrative bodies as third
level of administration in urban areas such as towns and cities

15 May 1994 Provisions for setting up Rent Control Tribunals

Amend schedule 31 August

9.[79]

Legislative Assembly

Enable continuance of 69% reservation in Tamil Nadu by

including the relevant Tamil Nadu Act under 9th Schedule of the
constitution
A technical amendment to protect reservation to SC/ST
Employees in promotions

Amend schedule 30 August

Place land reform acts and amendments to these act under

9.

1995

Schedule 9 of the constitution

Amend article

25 January

334.[82]

2000

Amend articles

9 June 2000 Implement Tenth Finance Commission recommendation to

[81]

Extend reservation for SC / ST and nomination of Anglo Indian

members in Parliament and State Assemblies for another ten
years i.e. up to 2010

269 and 270.

simplify the tax structures by pooling and sharing all taxes

Remove article

between states and The Centre

No

Amendments

Enforced

Objectives

since

272.[83]
81

82

83

Amend article 16.

[84]

Amend article

8 September Permit relaxation of qualifying marks and other criteria in

335.

2000

[85]

8 September Exempt Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for Scheduled

243M.

2000

[86]

55, 81, 82, 170,

330 and 332.[87]

85

and 51A.
Insert article 21A.
[89]

Amend articles
87

2002

2002

[88]

81, 82, 170 and

330.[90]

Castes in Panchayati Raj institutions

21 February Extend the usage of 1971 national census population figures for

Amend article 16. 4 January

Amend articles 45
86

reservation in promotion for SC / ST candidates

Amend article

Amend articles
84

9 June 2000 Protect SC / ST reservation in filling backlog of vacancies

12
December
2002

statewise distribution of parliamentary seats

A technical amendment to protect Consequential seniority in
case of promotions of SC/ST Employees

Provides Right to Education until the age of fourteen and Early

childhood care until the age of six

22 June

Extend the usage of 2001 national census population figures for

2003

statewise distribution of parliamentary seats

Amend article
270.
88

Insert article

15 January

268A.

2004

To extend statutory cover for levy and utilization of Service Tax

Amend schedule
7.[91]
Amend article
89

338.
Insert article
338A.

90

[92]

28
September
2003

The National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled

Tribes was bifurcated into The National Commission for
Scheduled Castes and The National Commission for Scheduled
Tribes

Amend article

28

Reservation in Assam Assembly relating to Bodoland Territory

332.[93]

September

Area

No

Amendments

Enforced

Objectives

since
2003

Amend articles 75
and 164.
91

Insert article

1 January

Restrict the size of council of ministers to 15% of legislative

361B.

2004

members & to strengthen Anti Defection laws

Amend schedule
10.[94]
92

93

94

95

96

Amend schedule 7 January

8.[95]

2004

Amend article 15. 20 January

2006

[96]

Include Bodo, Dogri, Santali and Maithali as official languages

To enable provision of reservation(27%) for other backward
classes (OBC) in government as well as private educational
institutions
To provide for a Minister of Tribal Welfare in newly created

Amend article

12 June

164.[97]

2006

Amend article

25 January

To extend the reservation of seats for SCs and STs in the Lok

334.

2010

Sabha and states assemblies from Sixty years to Seventy years

[98]

Amend schedule
8.[99]

Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh States including Madhya Pradesh,

Orissa.

23
September

Substituted "Odia" for "Oriya"

2011
Added the words "or co-operative societies" after the word "or
unions" in Article 19(l)(c) and insertion of article 43B i.e.,
Promotion of Co-operative Societies and added Part-IXB i.e.,
The Co-operative Societies.

97

Amend Art 19 and 12 January

added Part IXB.[100] 2012

The amendment objective is to encourage economic activities

of cooperatives which in turn help progress of rural India. It is
expected to not only ensure autonomous and democratic
functioning of cooperatives, but also the accountability of the
management to the members and other stakeholders. [101]

98

To insert Article

2 January

To empower the Governor of Karnataka to take steps to develop

371J in the

2013

the Hyderabad-Karnataka Region. [102]

No
.

Amendments

Enforced

Objectives

since

Constitution[102]
Insertion of new

The amendment provides for the formation of a National

articles 124A,

Judicial Appointments Commission. 16 State assemblies out of

124B and 124C.

99

Amendments to
Articles 127, 128,

2015[104]

29 States
including Goa,Rajasthan, Tripura, Gujarat and Telangana ratifie
d the Central Legislation, enabling the President of India to give

217, 222, 224A,

assent to the bill.[105] The amendment is in toto quashed by

231.[103]

Supreme Court on 16 October 2015.

Amendment of
100

13 April

First Schedule to
Constitution[106]

Exchange of certain enclave territories with Bangladesh and

1 August

conferment of citizenship rights to residents of enclaves

2015

consequent to signing of Land Boundary Agreement (LBA)

Treaty between India and Bangladesh.