Ulam - Hyers Stability of A 2 - Variable AC - Mixed Type Functional Equation: Direct and Fixed Point Methods

Journal of Modern Mathematics Frontier
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
Ulam - Hyers Stability of a 2- Variable AC - Mixed

Type Functional Equation: Direct and Fixed Point
Methods
M. Arunkumar1, Matina J. Rassias2, Yanhui Zhang3
1
Department of Mathematics, Government Arts College, Tiruvannamalai - 606 603, TamilNadu, India
Department of Statistical Science, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, #140, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
3
Department of Mathematics, Beijing Technology and Business University, China
1
annarun2002@yahoo.co.in; 2matina@stats.ucl.ac.uk; 3zhangyanhui@th.btbu.edu.cn
was introduced by J.M. Rassias [18]. The stability of
generalized mixed type functional equation of the form
Abstract- In this paper, we obtain the general solution and

generalized Ulam - Hyers stability of a 2 variable AC mixed
type functional equation
f ( x ky) f ( x ky)
f 2 x y, 2 z w f 2 x y, 2 z w
k 2 [ f ( x y) f ( x y)] 2(1 k 2 ) f ( x) (1.3)

for fixed integers k and k 0, 1 in quasi-Banach spaces
was introduced by M. Eshaghi Gordji and H. Khodaie [7].
The mixed type (I.3) is having the property additive,
quadratic and cubic.
4 f x y, z w f x y , z w 6 f y , w
using direct and fixed point methods.
Keywords- Additive Functional Equations; Cubic
Functional Equation; Mixed Type AC Functional Equation;
Ulam Hyers Stability
I.
J.H. Bae and W.G. Park proved the general solution of

the 2- variable quadratic functional equation
INTRODUCTION
The study of stability problems for functional

equations is related to a question of Ulam [30] concerning
the stability of group homomorphisms and affirmatively
answered for Banach spaces by Hyers [9]. It was further
generalized and excellent results obtained by number of
authors [2], [6], [16], [20], [23].
f ( x y, z w) f ( x y, z w)
(1.4)
2 f ( x, z) 2 f ( y, w)
and investigated the generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias
stability of (I.4). The above functional equation has
solution
Over the last six or seven deades, the above problem

was tackled by numerous authors and its solutions via
various forms of functional equations like additive,
quadratic, cubic, quartic, mixed type functional equations
which involve only these types of functional equations
were discussed. We refer the interested readers for more
information on such problems to the monographs [1], [5],
[8], [10], [12], [13], [15], [17], [19], [21], [24], [25], [26],
[27], [28], [29], [31], [32] and [33].
f ( x, y) ax 2 bxy cy 2
(1.5)
The stability of the functional equation (I.4) in fuzzy
normed space was investigated by M. Arunkumar et., al
[3]. Using the ideas in [3], the general solution and
generalized Hyers-Ulam- Rassias stability of a 3- variable
quadratic functional equation
f ( x y, z w, u v) f ( x y, z w, u v)
(1.6)
2 f ( x, z, u) 2 f ( y, w, v)
was discussed by K. Ravi and M. Arunkumar [22]. The
solution of the (I.6) is of the form
In 2006, K.W. Jun and H.M. Kim [11] introduced the

following generalized additive and quadratic type of
functional equation
f ( x, y, z ) ax 2 by 2 cz 2 dxy eyz fzx (1.7)

In this paper, we obtain the general solution and
generalized Ulam - Hyers stability of a 2 variable AC
mixed type functional equation
n
n
n
f xi n 2 f xi f xi x j
i 1
1 i j n
i 1
(1.1)
in the class of function between real vector spaces. The
general solution and Ulam stability of mixed type additive
and cubic functional equation of the form
f 2 x y,2 z w f 2 x y,2 z w
4 f x y, z w f x y, z w 6 f y, w
having solutions
3 f ( x y z ) f ( x y z ) f ( x y z )
f ( x y z ) 4[ f ( x) f ( y) f ( z )]
4[ f ( x y) f ( x z) f ( y z)]
(1.8)
f ( x, y) ax by
(1.9)
and
(1.2)
f ( x, y) ax3 bx 2 y cxy 2 dy 3
10
(1.10)
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
In Section 2, we present the general solution of the

(I.8). The generalized Ulam-Hyers stability using direct
and fixed point method are discussed in Section 3 and
Section 4, respectively.
Lemma 2.4: If f : U 2 V is a mapping satisfying (I.8)

and let t : U V be a mapping given by
II. GENERAL SOLUTION
t (2x y) t (2x y) 4[t (x y) t (x y)] 6t ( y)
t ( x) f ( x, x)
(II.13)
In this section, we present the solution of the (I.8).

Through out this section let U and V be real vector
spaces.
for all x, y U .
Proof: From (I.8) and (II.12), we get
t (2 x y ) t (2 x y )
Lemma 2.1: If f : U 2 V is a mapping satisfying (I.8)

and let g : U 2 V be a mapping given by
g ( x , x) f (2x ,2x) 8 f ( x , x)
(II.12)
for all x U , then t satisfies
f (2 x y, 2 x y ) f (2 x y, 2 x y )
4[ f ( x y, x y ) f ( x y, x y )] 6 f ( y, y )
(II.1)
4[t ( x y ) t ( x y )] 6t ( y )
for all x U then
for all x, y U .
g (2x,2x) 2g ( x, x)
for all x U such that g is additive.
(II.2)
III. STABILITY RESULTS: DIRECT METHOD
In this section, we investigate the generalized UlamHyers stability of (I.8) using direct method.
Proof: Letting ( x, y, z, w) by (0,0,0,0) in (I.8), we get

f (0,0) 0.
(II.3)
Through out this section let U be a normed space and

V be a Banach space. Define a mapping F : U 2 V by
Setting ( x, y, z, w) by (0, y,0, y) in (I.8), we obtain

(II.4)
f ( y, y) f ( y, y)
for all y U . Replacing ( x, y, z, w) by ( x, x, x, x) in (I.8),
we arrive
F ( x, y, z, w) f 2 x y,2 z w f 2 x y,2 z w
for all x, y, z, w U .
(II.5)
f (3x,3x) 4 f (2x,2x) 5 f ( x, x)
for all x U . Again replacing ( x, y, z, w) by ( x,2x, x,2x) in
Theorem 3.1: Let j 1 . Let f : U 2 V be a mapping for

which there exist a function : U 4 (0, ] with the
condition
(I.8) and using (II.3), (II.4) and (II.5), we have

f (4x,4x) 10 f (3x,3x) 16 f ( x, x)
(II.6)
for all x U . From (II.1), we establish

lim
g(2x,2x) 2g( x, x) f (4x,4x) 10 f (2x,2x) 16 f ( x, x) (II.7)
F ( x, y, z, w) ( x, y, z, w)
(III.2)
for all x, y, z, w U . Then there exists a unique 2-variable
additive mapping A : U 2 V satisfying (I.8) and
Lemma 2.2: If f : U 2 V be a mapping satisfying (I.8)

and let h : U 2 V be a mapping given by
(II.8)
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x)
for all x U then

h(2x,2x) 8h( x, x)
(II.9)
(III.3)
for all x U . The mapping (2kj x) and A( x, x) are

defined by
Proof: It follows from (II.8) that
(2kj x) 4 (2kj x,2kj x,2kj x,2kj x) (2 kj x,2( k 1) j x,2 kj x,2( k 1) j x)
h(2x,2x) 8g( x, x) f (4x,4x) 10 f (2x,2x) 16 f ( x, x)
A( x, x) lim
(II.10)
for all x U . Using (II.6) in (II.10), we desired our result.
1
f (2(n 1) j x,2(n 1) j x) 8 f (2nj x,2nj x)
2nj
(III.4)
for all x U .
Remark 2.3: If f : U V be a mapping satisfying (I.8)

2
Proof: Assume j 1 . Letting ( x, y, z, w) by ( x, x, x, x) in

(III.2), we obtain
and let g , h : U 2 V be a mapping defined in (II.1) and

(II.8) then
1
h ( x, x ) g ( x, x )
6
1
(2kj x)
2 k 1 j
2
for all x U such that h is cubic.
f ( x, x )
(III.1)
such that the functional inequality
for all x U . Using (II.6) in (II.7), we desired our result.
h( x, x) f (2x,2x) 2 f ( x, x)
1
(2nj x, 2nj y, 2nj z, 2nj w) 0
2nj
f (3x,3x) 4 f (2 x,2 x) 5 f ( x, x) ( x, x, x, x)
(II.11)
for all x U . Replacing ( x, y, z, w) by

(III.2), we get
for all x U .
11
(III.5)
( x,2x, x,2x) in
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
f (4 x,4 x) 4 f (3x,3x) 6 f (2 x,2 x) 4 f ( x, x)
g (2n x,2n x)
2n
for all x U . This shows that the sequence
(III.6)
( x,2x, x,2x)
for all x U . Now, from (III.6) and (III.7), we have
is Cauchy sequence. Since V is complete, there exists a

mapping A( x, x) : U 2 V such that
f (4 x,4 x) 10 f (2 x,2 x) 16 f ( x, x)
4 f (3x,3x) 4 f (2 x,2 x) 5 f ( x, x)
g (2n x, 2n x)
n
2n
A( x, x) lim
f (4 x,4 x) 4 f (3x,3x) 6 f (2 x,2 x) 4 f ( x, x)
4 ( x, x, x, x) ( x,2x, x,2x)
for all x U . From (III.8), we arrive
f (4 x,4 x) 10 f (2 x,2 x) 16 f ( x, x) ( x)
Letting n in (III.16) and using (II.1), we see that

(III.3) holds for all x U . To show that A satisfies (I.8),
replacing ( x, y, z, w) by (2n x,2n y,2n z,2n w) and dividing by
2n in (III.2), we obtain
(III.7)
(III.8)
where
( x) 4 ( x, x, x, x) ( x,2x, x,2x)
for all x U . It is easy to see from (III.9) that
1
1
F (2n x, 2n y, 2n z, 2n w) n (2n x, 2n y, 2n z, 2n w)
2n
2
for all x, y, z, w U . Letting n in the above inequality
(III.9)
f (4 x,4 x) 8 f (2 x,2 x) 2( f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x; x)) ( x) (III.10)
and using the definition of A( x, x) , we see that
for all x U . Using (II.1) in (III.11), we obtain

g (2 x,2 x) 2 g ( x, x) ( x)
A 2 x y, 2 z w A 2 x y, 2 z w
4 A x y , z w A x y , z w 6 A y , w
(III.11)
Hence A satisfies (I.8) for all x, y, z, w U . To prove A is

unique 2-variable additive function satisfying (I.8), we let
B(x,x) be another 2-variable additive mapping satisfying
(I.8) and (III.3), then
g (2 x, 2 x )
( x)
g ( x, x )
(III.12)
2
2
for all x U . Now replacing x by 2x and dividing by 2
in (III.13), we get
A( x, x) B( x, x)
g (22 x,22 x) g ( x, x) (2 x)
22
2
22
1
A(2n x, 2n x) B(2n x, 2n x)
2n
1
n A(2n x, 2n x) f (2n 1 x, 2n 1 x) 8 f (2n x, 2 n x)
2
(III.13)
for all x U . From (III.13) and (III.14), we obtain
g (22 x, 2 2 x)
g ( x, x )
22
f (2n 1 x, 2n 1 x) 8 f (2n x, 2 n x) B(2 n x, 2 n x)
k 0
1
(2 x)
( x)
(III.14)
2
2
for all x U . Proceeding further and using induction on a
positive integer n , we get
g (2n x,2n x)
1 n 1 (2k x)
g ( x, x)
n
2
2 k 0
2
for all n . Hence A is unique.

For j 1 , we can prove a similar stability result. This
completes the proof of the theorem.
The following Corollary is an immediate consequence
of Theorem 3.1 concerning the stability of (I.8).
(III.15)
1 (2k x)
2
2 k 0
Corollary 3.2: Let F : U 2 V be a mapping and there

exists real numbers and s such that
for all x U . In order to prove the convergence of the

sequence
F ( x, y, z, w)
x s y s z s w s , s 1 or s 1;
1
1
s
s
s
s
x y z w , s
or s ;
4
4
x s y s z s w s x 4 s y 4 s z 4 s w
1
1
s
or s ;
4
4
g (2 x,2 x)
,
2n
replacing x by 2m x and dividing by 2m in (III.16), for

any m, n > 0 , we deduce
g (2n m x, 2n m x) g (2m x, 2 m x)
2n m
2m
1 g (2 2 x, 2 2 x)
m
g (2m x, 2m x)
2
2n
n
(2
k n
x)
2k n
0 as n
g (2 x, 2 x)
g (2 2 x, 2 2 x) g (2 x, 2 x)
g ( x, x )
2
22
2
x U .
1 (2k x)
0 as m
2 k 0 2k m
4s
(III.17)
for all x, y, z, w U , then there exists a unique 2- variable
additive function A : U 2 V such that
12
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x)
5
s
s 1
18 2 x
2 2s
4s
2s
4 2 x
2 24 s
2s
4s
22 2 2 2
2 24 s 2 22 s
2n ( y, w),2n ( x y, z w),2n ( x y, z w),

2n (2 x y,2 z w),2n (2 x y,2 z w), (1,1).
and
(2n (2 x y,2 z w)) (2n (2 x y,2 z w))
4[ (2n ( x y, z w)) (2n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2n ( y, w)) 0
(III.18)
For n 0,1,........k 1 . From the definition of f and (III.21),

we obtain that
4s
F ( x, y , z , w)
1
(2n (2 x y, 2 z w)) (2 n (2 x y, 2 z w))
n
2
n0
for all x U .
4[ (2n ( x y, z w)) (2 n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2 n ( y, w))
Now we will provide an example to illustrate that (I.8) is

not stable for s = 1 in (ii) of Corollary 3.2.
1
(2n (2 x y, 2 z w)) (2 n (2 x y, 2 z w))
n
2
nk
Example 3.3: Let : R R be a function defined by
4[ (2n ( x y, z w)) (2 n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2 n ( y, w))
x, if | x | 1
, otherwise
( x)
1
2
16 16 k 32 (| x | | y | | z | | w |)
n
2
2
nk
0 is a constant, and define a function

f : R R by
where
Thus f satisfies (III.19) for all x, y, z, w R with
(2 x)
n0
2n
f ( x, x )
0 | x | | y | | z | | w |
for all x R.
We claim that the additive (I.8) is not stable for s = 1 in (ii)

Corollary 3.2. Suppose on the contrary that there exist a
additive mapping A : R2 R and a constant 0
satisfying (III.20). Since f is bounded and continuous for
all x R , A is bounded on any open interval containing the
origin and continuous at the origin. In view of Theorem
3.1. A must have the form A( x, x) cx for any x in R .
Thus we obtain that
Then F satisfies the functional inequality

F ( x, y, z, w) 32 (| x | | y | | z | | w |)
(III.19)
for all x, y, z, w R . Then there do not exist a additive

mapping A : R2 R and a constant 0 such that
f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x) |x |
for all x R. (III.20)
Proof: Now
(2n x)
n 0
2n
f ( x, x )
n 0
2n
f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) ( | c |) | x |,
(III.22)
But we can choose a positive integer m with m | c | .
If x 0,
Therefore we see that f is bounded. We are going to prove

that f satisfies (III.19).
1
n
, then 2 x (0,1) for all n 0, 1,.....m 1.
2
m 1
For this x, we get
If x = y = z = w = 0 then (III.19) is trivial. If

| x | | y | | z | | w |
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x)
1
, then the left hand side of (III.19)
2
(III.21)
1
4
Example 3.4: Let s be such that 0 s . Then there is a

function F : R2 R and a constant 0 satisfying
1
1
1
1
2k 1 x , 2k 1 y , 2k 1 z , 2k 1 w
2
2
2
2
( y, w),2
1 3 s
4
F ( x, y, z, w) | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w |
and consequently
2
(2n x)
A counter example to illustrate the non stability in (iii)

of Corollary 3.2 is given in the following example.
so that
k 1
m 1
which contradicts (III.22). Therefore (I.8) is not stable in

sense of Ulam, Hyers and Rassias if s = 1, assumed in (ii)
of (III.17).
integer k such that
k 1
2
2n
n0
m x ( | c |) x
Then there exists a positive
1
1
| x | | y | | z | | w | k 1
2k
2
(2n x)
n0
is less than 32 . Now suppose that

1
0 | x | | y | | z | | w | .
2
1
2
( x y, z w),2
k 1
(III.23)
for all x, y, z, w R and
( x y, z w),
2k 1 (2 x y,2 z w),2k 1 (2 x y,2 z w), (1,1).
sup
Therefore for each n 0,1,........k 1 , we have
x0
13
f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x)
x
(III.24)
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26

f (2 x y, 2 z w) f (2 x y, 2 z w) 4 f ( x y , z w)
for every additive mapping A( x, x) : R2 R .
4 f ( x y , z w) 6 f ( y , w)
Proof: If we take
( 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )ln | 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 |
if x 0
if x 0
( x, x)ln( x, x),
f ( x, x)
0,
( 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )ln | 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 |

4( v1 v2 , v3 v4 )ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 |
Then from (III.24), it follows that

sup
4( v1 v2 , v3 v4 )ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 | 6( v2 , v4 )ln | v2 , v4 |
f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x)
x0
sup
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 )
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) 6 f (v2 , v4 )
f (2n,2n) 8 f ( n, n) A(n, n)
n(2,2)ln | 2n,2n | 8n(1,1)ln | n, n | nA(1,1)
1 3 s
4
| x |4 | y |4 | z |4 | w |
Case (iii): If x, z 0, y, w 0 then 2x y,
n
n0
2z w, x y, z w 0,2x y,2z w, x y, z w 0 in (III.23)
sup (2,2)ln | 2n,2n | 8(1,1)ln | n, n | A(1,1)
then,
n
n0
f (2 x y,2 z w) f (2 x y ,2 z w) 4 f ( x y , z w)
We have to prove (III.23) is true.
4 f ( x y, z w) 6 f ( y, w)
Case (i): If x, y, z, w 0 in (III.23) then,
(2 x y,2 z w)ln | 2 x y,2 z w |
f (2 x y, 2 z w) f (2 x y , 2 z w) 4 f ( x y , z w)
(2 x y,2 z w)ln | 2 x y,2 z w |
4 f ( x y, z w) 6 f ( y, w)
4( x y, z w)ln | x y, z w |
(2 x y, 2 z w)ln | 2 x y, 2 z w |
4( x y, z w)ln | x y, z w | 6( y, w)ln | y, w |
(2 x y, 2 z w)ln | 2 x y , 2 z w |
Set x v1, y v2 , z v3 , w v4 it follows that
4( x y, z w)ln | x y , z w |
f (2 x y,2 z w) f (2 x y,2 z w) 4 f ( x y, z w)
4( x y, z w)ln | x y , z w | 6( y , w)ln | y, w |
4 f ( x y, z w) 6 f ( y, w)
(2v1 v2 ,2v3 v4 )ln | 2v1 v2 ,2v3 v4 |
f (2 x y,2 z w) f (2 x y,2 z w) 4 f ( x y, z w)
(2v1 v2 ,2v3 v4 )ln | (2v1 v2 ,2v3 v4 ) |
4 f ( x y, z w) 6 f ( y, w)
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 |
(2v1 v2 ,2v3 v4 )ln | 2v1 v2 ,2v3 v4 |
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )ln | (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) | 6(v2 , v4 )ln | v2 , v4 |
(2v1 v2 ,2v3 v4 )ln | 2v1 v2 ,2v3 v4 |
f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 ) f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 |
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 )
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 | 6(v2 , v4 )ln | v2 , v4 |
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) 6 f (v2 , v4 )
f (2v1 v2 ,2v3 v4 ) f (2v1 v2 ,2v3 v4 )
s
4
s
4
1 3 s
4
Case (iv): If x, z 0, y, w 0 then 2x y,
1 3 s
4
s
4
| v1 | | v2 | | v3 | | v4 |
s
4
1 3 s
4
| x |4 | y |4 | z |4 | w |
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) 6 f (v2 , v4 )
s
4
| v1 | 4 | v2 | 4 | v3 | 4 | v4 |
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 )
s
4
1 3 s
4
| v1 | 4 | v2 | 4 | v3 | 4 | v4 |
n
n0
sup
f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 ) f ( 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )
1 3 s
4
then,
| x| | y | | z | | w|
Case (ii): If x, y, z, w 0 in (III.23) then,
4 f ( x y, z w) 6 f ( y, w)
(2 x y,2 z w)ln | 2 x y,2 z w |
4 f ( x y, z w) 6 f ( y, w)
(2 x y,2 z w)ln | 2 x y,2 z w |
(2 x y,2 z w)ln | 2 x y,2 z w |
4( x y, z w)ln | x y, z w |
(2 x y,2 z w)ln | 2 x y,2 z w |
4( x y, z w)ln | x y, z w |
14
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
so that
4 f ( x y , z w) 6 f ( y , w)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2k 1 | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 , 2 k 1 x , 2 k 1 y ,
2
2
2
1 k 1
1
k 1
2 z ,2 w
2
2
(2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )ln | (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 ) |

(2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )ln | 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 |
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )ln | (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) |
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 | 6( v2 , v4 )ln | v2 , v4 |
and consequently
f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 ) f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )
2k 1 ( y, w), 2k 1 ( x y, z w), 2k 1 ( x y, z w),
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 )
1 1
2k 1 (2 x y, 2 z w), 2k 1 (2 x y, 2 z w), , .
4 4
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) 6 f (v2 , v4 )
s
1 3 s
4
| v1 | 4 | v2 | 4 | v3 | 4 | v4 |
s
1 3 s
4
| x |4 | y |4 | z |4 | w |
2n ( y, w), 2n ( x y, z w), 2 n ( x y, z w),
Case (v): If x y z w 0 in (III.23) then it is trivial.
1 1
2n (2 x y, 2 z w), 2 n (2 x y, 2 z w) , .
4 4
Now we will provide an example to illustrate that the

(I.8) is not stable for s
and
1
in (iv) of Corollary 3.2.
4
(2n (2 x y,2 z w)) (2n (2 x y,2 z w))
4[ (2n ( x y, z w)) (2n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2n ( y, w)) 0

we obtain that
x, if | x | 4
( x)
, otherwise
4
F ( x, y , z , w)
1
(2n (2 x y, 2 z w)) (2 n (2 x y, 2 z w))
n
2
n0

2
f : E R by
where
(2 x)
n0
2n
f ( x, x )
4[ (2 n ( x y, z w)) (2 n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2 n ( y, w))
for all x R.
1
(2n (2 x y, 2 z w)) (2 n (2 x y, 2 z w))
n
2
nk
4[ (2 n ( x y, z w)) (2 n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2 n ( y, w))
F ( x, y, z, w)
(III.25)
8 | x | | y | | z | | w | | x | | y | | z | | w |
for all x, y, z, w R . Then there do not exist a additive

1
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
nk
1
1 1 1
8 | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 | x | | y | | z | | w |
mapping A : R2 R and a constant 0 such that

f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x) |x |
Thus f satisfies (III.25) for all x, y, z, w with
f ( x, x )
(2n x)
2
n0
n0
1
.
2n 4 2
We claim that (I.8) is not stable for s
If x = y = z = w = 0 then (III.25) is trivial.

1
If | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 | x | | y | | z | | w |
1
, then the left
2
hand side of (III.25) is less than 8 . Now suppose that

1
0 | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 | x | | y | | z | | w |
1
.
2
x 0, m 1
,
then
2
n 0, 1,.....m 1. For this x, we get
Then there exists a positive integer k such that

1
4
1
4
1
4
1
2
1
in (iii) Corollary
4
3.2. Suppose on the contrary that there exist a additive

mapping A : R2 R and a constant 0 satisfying
(III.26). Since f is bounded and continuous for all x R , A
is bounded on any open interval containing the origin and
continuous at the origin. In view of Theorem 3.1, A must
have the form A( x, x) cx for any x in R . Thus we obtain
that
f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) ( | c |) | x |, (III.28)
Therefore we see that f is bounded. We are going to

prove that f satisfies (III.25).
1
0 | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 | x | | y | | z | | w |
Proof: Now
1 16
2
4 k
2n 4
2
If
1
4
1
1
| x | | y | | z | | w | | x | | y | | z | | w | k 1
k
2
2
(III.27)
15
2n x (0,1)
for
all
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x)
(2n x)
n
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26

m 1
for all x U . Proceeding further and using induction on a

positive integer n , we get
(2n x)
2
2
n0
n0
m x ( | c |) x
h(2n x,2n x)
1 n 1 (2k x)
h( x, x)
n
8
8 k 0 8k

sense of Ulam, Hyers and Rassias if s
1
, assumed in (iv)
4
of (III.17).
lim
1
(2nj x, 2nj y, 2nj z, 2nj w) 0
8nj
h(2n x,2n x)
,
8n
(III.29)
replacing x by 2m x and dividing by 8m in (III.39), for any

m, n > 0 , we deduce
such that the functional inequality

F ( x, y, z, w) ( x, y, z, w)
h(2n m x,2n m x) h(2m x,2m x)
8n m
8m
(III.30)

cubic mapping C : U 2 V satisfying (I.8) and
f (2 x, 2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C ( x, x)
1
(2kj x)
8 k 1 j
h(2n x,2n x)
8n
for all x U . This shows that the sequence
(2kj x) 4 (2kj x,2kj x,2kj x,2kj x) (2 kj x,2( k 1) j x,2 kj x,2( k 1) j x)

n
1 h(2n 2m x,2n 2m x)
h(2m x,2m x)
8m
8n
1 (2k x)
8 k 0 8k m
0 as m
(III.31)
for all x U . The mapping (2kj x) and C( x, x) are

defined by
C ( x, x) lim
is Cauchy sequence. Since V is complete, there exists a

mapping C( x, x) : U 2 V such that
1
f (2(n 1) j x,2(n 1) j x) 2 f (2nj x,2nj x)
8nj
(III.32)
h(2n x, 2 n x)
n
2n
for all x U .
C ( x, x) lim
Proof: It is easy to see from (III.9) that

(III.34)
for all x U . Using (II.8) in (III.34), we obtain
h(2 x,2 x) 8h( x, x) ( x)
The following Corollary is an immediate consequence

of Theorem 3.6 concerning the stability of (I.8).
(III.35)


h(2 x, 2 x)
( x)
h ( x, x )
8
8
(III.36)
F ( x, y, z, w)
s
s
s
s
x y z w , s 3 or s 3;
3
3
s
s
s
s
x y z w , s 4 or s 4 ;
s
s
s
s
x y z w
4s
4s
4s
4s
x y z w
,
3
3
s
or s ;
4
4
for all x U . Now replacing x by 2x and dividing by 8

in (III.36), we get
h(22 x,22 x) h( x, x) (2 x)
82
8
82
(III.37)
for all x U . From (III.36) and (III.37), we obtain

h(22 x, 22 x)
h ( x, x )
82
h(2 x, 2 x)
h(2 2 x, 2 2 x) h(2 x, 2 x)
h ( x, x )
8
82
8
1
(2 x)
( x)
8
8
x U .
Letting n in (III.39) and using (II.8), we see that

(III.31) holds for all x U . To show that C satisfies (I.8)
and it is unique the proof is similar to that of Theorem 3.1
f (4 x,4 x) 2 f (2 x,2 x) 8( f (2 x,2 x) 2 f ( x; x)) ( x)
(III.39)
for all x U . In order to prove the convergence of the

sequence
Theorem 3.6: Let j 1 . Let f : U 2 V be a mapping for

which there exist a function : U 4 (0, ] with the
condition
n
1 (2k x)
8 k 0 8k
(III.40)
cubic function C : U 2 V such that
(III.38)
f (2 x,2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C ( x, x)
16

5 / 7
s
s 1
18 2 x
7 8 2s
4s
2s
4 2 x
7 8 24 s
2s
2 24 s
22 2
7 8 24 s 7 8 22 s
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26

2n ( y, w), 2n ( x y, z w), 2 n ( x y, z w),
1 1
2n (2 x y, 2 z w), 2 n (2 x y, 2 z w) , .
2 2
and
(2n (2 x y,2 z w)) (2n (2 x y,2 z w))
(III.41)
4[ (2n ( x y, z w)) (2n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2n ( y, w)) 0

we obtain that
4s
F ( x, y, z , w)
for all x U .
Now we will provide an example to illustrate that (I.8)

is not stable for s = 3 in (ii) of Corollary 3.6.
n0
4[ (2n ( x y, z w)) (2n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2 n ( y, w))
x , if | x | 1
( x)
, otherwise
3
nk

f : R R by
(2n x)
n0
8n
f ( x, x )
nk
for all x R.
f (2 x,2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C ( x, x) | x |3 for all x R. (III.43)
Proof: Now
n 0
n 0
8n
8
7
f (2 x,2 x) 2 f ( x, x) ( | c |) | x |3 ,

x 0, m 1
,
then
2
2n x (0,1)
If
1
| x |3 | y |3 | z |3 | w |3 , then the left hand side of (III.42)
8
16 8
is less than
. Now suppose that
7
f (2 x, 2 x) 2 f ( x, x)
n 0
(2n x)
8
m 1
for
all
(2n x)3
n 0
m x ( | c |) x
3
1
.
8
8n
3

sense of Ulam, Hyers and Rassias if
s =3, assumed in
the inequality (ii) of (III.41).

1
1
| x |3 | y |3 | z |3 | w |3 k 1
8k 2
8
(III.45)
If x = y = z = w = 0, then (III.42) is trivial. If
0 | x |3 | y |3 | z |3 | w |3
1
8
We claim that (I.8) is not stable for s =3 in (ii)

Corollary 3.7. Suppose on the contrary that there exist a
cubic mapping C : R2 R and a constant 0 satisfying
(III.43). Since f is bounded and continuous for all x R , C
continuous at the origin. In view of Theorem 3.6, C must
have the form C( x, x) cx3 for any x in R . Thus we
obtain that
(III.42)
for all x, y, z, w R . Then there do not exist a cubic
mapping C : R2 R and a constant 0 such that
(2n x)
16 83
(| x |3 | y |3 | z |3 | w |3 )
7
0 | x |3 | y |3 | z |3 | w |3
16 83
F ( x, y, z , w)
(| x |3 | y |3 | z |3 | w |3 )
7
1
16 8 1
16
k
8n
7
8
f ( x, x )
1
(2n (2 x y, 2 z w)) (2 n (2 x y, 2 z w))
2n
4[ (2n ( x y, z w)) (2n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2 n ( y, w))
where
1
(2n (2 x y, 2 z w)) (2 n (2 x y, 2 z w))
2n
(III.44)

so that
1
1
1
1
2k 1 x3 , 2k 1 y 3 , 2k 1 z 3 , 2k 1 w3
8
8
8
8
3
4
and consequently
function F : R2 R and a constant 0 satisfying
2k 1 ( y, w), 2k 1 ( x y, z w), 2 k 1 ( x y, z w),

1 1
2k 1 (2 x y, 2 z w), 2 k 1 (2 x y, 2 z w) , .
2 2
F ( x, y, z, w) | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w |
17
3 3 s
4
(III.46)

f (2 x,2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C ( x, x)
sup
x0
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
(III.47)
4 f ( x y, z w) 6 f ( y, w)
(2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )3 ln | 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 |
for every cubic mapping C( x, x) : R2 R .
(2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )3 ln | 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 |
Proof: If we take
3
( x, x) ln( x, x),
f ( x, x)
0,
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )3 ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 |
if x 0
if x 0
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )3 ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 | 6(v2 , v4 )3 ln | v2 , v4 |
f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 ) f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )
Then from (III.47), it follows that
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 )
f (2 x, 2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C ( x, x)
sup
x0
sup
1 3 s
4
1 3 s
4
| v1 | 4 | v2 | 4 | v3 | 4 | v4 |
f (2n, 2n) 2 f (n, n) C (n, n)
n
n0
sup
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) 6 f ( v2 , v4 )
| x |4 | y |4 | z |4 | w |
n3 (2, 2)3 ln | 2n, 2n | 2n3 (1,1)3 ln | n, n | n3C (1,1)
n
n0
Case (iii): If x, z 0, y, w 0 then 2x y,
sup (2, 2)3 ln | 2n, 2n | 8(1,1) 3 ln | n, n | C (1,1)
then,
n
n0
We have to prove (III.46) is true.

Case (i): If x, y, z, w 0 in (III.46) then,
4 f ( x y, z w) 6 f ( y, w)
(2 x y,2 z w)3 ln | 2 x y,2 z w |
4 f ( x y, z w) 6 f ( y, w)
(2 x y,2 z w)3 ln | 2 x y,2 z w |
(2 x y, 2 z w)3 ln | 2 x y, 2 z w |
4( x y, z w)3 ln | x y, z w |
4( x y, z w)3 ln | x y, z w | 6( y, w)3 ln | y, w |
(2 x y, 2 z w)3 ln | 2 x y, 2 z w |
4( x y, z w)3 ln | x y, z w |
f (2 x y, 2 z w) f (2 x y, 2 z w) 4 f ( x y, z w)
4 f ( x y , z w) 6 f ( y, w)
(2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )3 ln | 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 |
f (2 x y , 2 z w) f (2 x y , 2 z w) 4 f ( x y , z w)
4 f ( x y , z w) 6 f ( y , w)
(2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )3 ln | (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 ) |
(2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )3 ln | 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 |
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )3 ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 |
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )3 ln | (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) | 6( v2 , v4 )3 ln | v2 , v4 |
(2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )3 ln | 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 |
f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 ) f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )3 ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 |
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 )
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 | 6(v2 , v4 ) ln | v2 , v4 |
3
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) 6 f ( v2 , v4 )
f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 ) f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 )
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) 6 f (v2 , v4 )
s
4
s
4
| v1 | | v2 | | v3 | | v4 |
s
4
s
4
s
4
Case
1 3 s
4
1 3 s
4
(iv):
If
x, z 0, y, w 0
then
2 x y,
| x| | y | | z | | w|
then,
Case (ii): If x, y, z, w 0 in (III.46) then,
4 f ( x y, z w) 6 f ( y, w)
4 f ( x y, z w) 6 f ( y, w)
(2 x y, 2 z w)3 ln | 2 x y, 2 z w |
(2 x y, 2 z w)3 ln | 2 x y, 2 z w |
(2 x y, 2 z w)3 ln | 2 x y, 2 z w |
(2 x y, 2 z w)3 ln | 2 x y, 2 z w |
4( x y, z w)3 ln | x y, z w |
4( x y, z w) ln | x y, z w |
3
4( x y, z w) ln | x y, z w | 6( y, w) ln | y, w |
3
1 3 s
4
| x |4 | y |4 | z |4 | w |
1 3 s
4
s
4
| v1 | 4 | v2 | 4 | v3 | 4 | v4 |
18
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
f (2 x y , 2 z w) f (2 x y, 2 z w) 4 f ( x y, z w)
4 f ( x y , z w) 6 f ( y , w)
(2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 ) ln | (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 ) |

3
f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 ) f (2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )

4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 )
4 f (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) 6 f (v2 , v4 )
s
4
2k 1 ( y, w), 2k 1 ( x y, z w), 2k 1 ( x y, z w),
1 3 s
4
s
4
| x| | y | | z | | w|
1 1
2k 1 (2 x y, 2 z w), 2k 1 (2 x y, 2 z w), , .
2 2
Case (v): If x y z w 0 in (III.46) then it is trivial.

is not stable for s
3
in (iv) of Corollary 3.7.
4
2n ( y, w), 2n ( x y, z w), 2 n ( x y, z w),

1 1
2n (2 x y, 2 z w), 2 n (2 x y, 2 z w) , .
2 2

and
3
3
x , if | x | 4
( x)
3 , otherwise
4
(2n (2 x y,2 z w)) (2n (2 x y,2 z w))

4[ (2n ( x y, z w)) (2n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2n ( y, w)) 0
we obtain that

f : R R by
where
2
(2n x)
n0
8n
f ( x, x )
F ( x, y , z , w)
for all x R.
n0
1
(2n (2 x y, 2 z w)) (2 n (2 x y, 2 z w))
n
nk 8
3
96 82 34 34 34
3
3
3
3
| x | | y | | z | | w | 4 | x | | y | | z | | w |
7
4[ (2 n ( x y, z w)) (2 n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2 n ( y, w))
(III.48)
for all x, y, z, w R . Then there do not exist a cubic
mapping C : R2 R and a constant 0 such that
f (2 x,2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C ( x, x) |x |
1 16 3 12 8 1
n
4
7
8k
nk 8
3
3 3 3
8 | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 | x |3 | y |3 | z |3 | w |3
Proof: Now
f ( x, x )
(2 x)
n
n0
n0
1 3 6
.
4
7
8n
left hand side of (III.48) is less than
96
. Now suppose
7
that
3
1
8
3
in (iii) Corollary
4
3.7. Suppose on the contrary that there exist a cubic

mapping C : R2 R and a constant 0 satisfying
(III.49). Since f is bounded and continuous for all x R , C
continuous at the origin. In view of Theorem 3.6, C must
have the form C( x, x) cx3 for any x in R . Thus we
obtain that
1
, then the
8
0 | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 | x |3 | y |3 | z |3 | w |3
We claim that (I.8) is not stable for s
If x = y = z = w = 0, then (III.48) is trivial.

If | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 | x |3 | y |3 | z |3 | w |3
0 | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 | x |3 | y |3 | z |3 | w |3

3
1
(2n (2 x y, 2 z w)) (2 n (2 x y, 2 z w))
8n
4[ (2 n ( x y, z w)) (2 n ( x y, z w))] 6 (2 n ( y, w))
F ( x, y, z, w)
1
8 k 1
and consequently
1 3 s
4
| v1 | 4 | v2 | 4 | v3 | 4 | v4 |
s
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2k 1 | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 , 2 k 1 x , 2 k 1 y ,
2
2
2
1 k 1
1
k 1
2 z ,2 w
2
2
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )3 ln | v1 v2 , v3 v4 | 6( v2 , v4 )3 ln | v2 , v4 |
so that
4(v1 v2 , v3 v4 )3 ln | (v1 v2 , v3 v4 ) |
| x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 | x |3 | y |3 | z |3 | w |3
(III.50)
(2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 )3 ln | 2v1 v2 , 2v3 v4 |
1
k 2
f (2 x,2 x) 2 f ( x, x) ( | c |) | x |3 ,
1
.
8
(III.51)
19

1
x 0, m 1
,
then
2
2n x (0,1)
If
f (2 x, 2 x) 2 f ( x, x)
n 0
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
for
for all x U . Thus we obtain (III.55) by defining
all
1
1
A( x, x) and C1 ( x, x) C ( x, x) , (2kj x) , A( x, x)
6
6
and C( x, x) are defined in (III.4), (III.5) and (III.33)
A1 ( x, x)
(2n x)
8n
m 1
(2n x)3
n 0
m x ( | c |) x
3
for all x U .
8n
3
The following corollary is the immediate consequence

of Theorem 3.11, using Corollaries 3.2 and 3.7 concerning
the stability of (I.8).

sense of Ulam, Hyers and Rassias if s
3
, assumed in (iv)
4

of (III.41).
Now, we are ready to prove our main stability results.
F ( x, y, z, w)
Theorem 3.11: Let j 1 . Let f : U 2 V be a mapping

for which there exist a function : U 4 (0, ] with the
condition given in (III.1) and (III.29) respectively, such
that the functional inequality
3
3
s
s
s
s
x y z w , s
or s ;
4
4
3
3
s
or s ;
4
4
F ( x, y, z, w) ( x, y, z, w)
(III.52)
additive mapping A : U 2 V unique 2-variable cubic
mapping C : U 2 V satisfying (I.8) and
f ( x, x) A( x, x) C ( x, x)
1 1
1
(2kj x) (2kj x)
6 2 k 1 j
8 k 1 j
2
2
(III.53)
5 1
6 1 7
18 2 s 1 1
1
s
s
s
22
7
8
4 22 s 1
1
4s
4s
4s
6
2
2
7
8
2s
22
1 1 x 4 s
2 24 s 7 8 22 s
6
4
s
22 1
1
4s
4s
2s
6
2
2
7
8
Proof: By Theorems 3.1 and 3.6, there exists a unique 2variable additive function A1 : U 2 V and a unique 2variable cubic function C1 : U 2 V such that
(III.54)
1
(2kj x)
8 k 1 j
(III.55)
and
f (2 x, 2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C1 ( x, x)
for all x U . Now from (III.54) and (III.55), one can see
that
f ( x, x )
(III.57)
for all x U .
is not stable for s 1 in (ii) of Corollary 3.12.
1
1
A1 ( x, x ) C1 ( x, x )
6
6
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A1 ( x, x)

6
6
6
( x x3 ), if | x | 1
, otherwise
( x)
f (2 x, 2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C1 ( x, x)
6
6
6
4s
f ( x, x) A( x, x) C ( x, x)
for all x U .
1
(2kj x)
2 k 1 j
(III.56)
for all x, y, z, w U , then there exists a unique 2-variable
mapping C : U 2 V such that
for all x U . The mapping (2kj x) , A( x, x) and C( x, x) are

defined in (III.4), (III.5) and (III.33)
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A1 ( x, x)

f : R R by
where
1
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A1 ( x, x)
6
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A1 ( x, x)
(2n x)
n0
2n
f ( x, x )
1 1
1
(2kj x) (2 kj x)
6 2 k 1 j
8 k 1 j
2
2
for all x R.
20
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
F ( x, y, z, w) 32 (| x | | y | | z | | w |)
given x , either d T n x, T n 1 x for all n 0 ,or there
(III.58)
for all x, y, z, w R . Then there do not exist a 2-variable

additive mapping A : U 2 V and 2-variable cubic
mapping C : U 2 V and a constant 0 such that
exists a natural number n0 such that

i) d T n x, T n 1 x for all n n0 ;
ii) The sequence T n x is convergent to a fixed to a fixed
f ( x, x) A( x, x) C ( x, x) | x | for all x R. (III.59)

point y * of T
iii) y * is the unique fixed point of T in the set
1
4
function F : R R and a constant 0 satisfying

s
1 3 s
4
F ( x, y, z, w) | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w |
(III.60)
Thorough out this section, let U be a vector space and V

Banach space. Define a mapping F : U 2 V by
(III.61)
for every additive mapping A( x, x) : R2 R , and for every

cubic mapping C( x, x) : R2 R .
F ( x, y, z, w) f 2 x y,2 z w f 2 x y,2 z w
1
is not stable for s in (iv) of Corollary 3.12.
4
for all x, y, z, w U .
Theorem 4.2: Let f : U 2 V be a mapping for which

there exists a function : U 4 (0, ] with the condition
3
( x x ), if | x | 4
( x)
, otherwise
4
1
n
n i
lim
(2n x)
n0
2n
F ( x, y, z, w) ( x, y, z, w)
(IV.1)
(IV.2)
for all x, y, z, w U . If there exists L L i 1 such that
for all x R.
the function
x x 12 x ,
F ( x, y, z, w)
has the property
1
1 1 1
(III.62)
8 | x | 4 | y | 4 | z | 4 | w | 4 | x | | y | | z | | w |
for all x, y, z, w R . Then there do not exist a 2-variable
x L i i x .
(IV.3)
Then there exists a unique 2-variable additive mapping

A : U 2 V satisfying (I.8) and
additive mapping A : U 2 V and a cubic mapping

C : R2 R and a constant 0 such that
f (2 x,2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C ( x, x) |x |3
( in x, in y, in z, in w) 0
with i 2 if i 0 and i 12 if i 1 such that the

functional inequality

2
f : R R by
where
f ( x, x )
Using the above theorem, we now obtain the generalized

Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of (I.8).
f ( x, x) A( x, x) C ( x, x)
x0
1
iv) d y, y*
d y, Ty for all y .
1 L

sup
y : d T n0 x, y ;
Li 1
x
(IV.4)
1 L
for all x U . The mapping (2kj x) and A( x, x) are
f (2 x, 2 x ) 8 f ( x , x ) A( x , x )
defined in (III.10) and (III.5) respectively for all x U .
IV. STABILITY RESULTS:FIXED POINT METHOD

In this section, we apply a fixed point method for
achieving stability of the 2-variable AC (I.8).
Proof: Consider the set
Now, we present the following theorem due to B.

Margolis and J.B. Diaz [14] for fixed point Theory.
and introduce the generalized metric on ,
p p : U 2 V , p 0 0
d g , h d g , h
Theorem 4.1: Suppose that for a complete generalized

metric space ,d and a strictly contractive mapping
inf K 0, p x q x K x , x U
It is easy to see that ,d is complete.
T : with Lipschitz constant L . Then, for each
21
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26

for all x, y, z, w U , i.e., A satisfies (I.8).
Define T : 2 by
Tp x, x
According to the alternative fixed point, since A is the

T
unique
fixed
point
of
in
the
set
p : d f , p , A is the unique function such that
p i x, i x
for all x U . Now for all p, q ,
f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x) K x
d g, h K
p x, x q x, x K x , x U ,
i
1
p i x, i x
p i x, i x
q i x, i x
for all x U and K 0 . Again using the fixed point

alternative, we obtain
K i x , x U ,
q i x, i x LK x , x U ,
d Tp, Tq LK .
L1 i
d f , Tf
1 L
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x)
strictly contractive mapping of , with Lipschitz constant

L . From (III.12), we arrive
g (2 x, 2 x )
( x)
g ( x, x )
2
2
The following Corollary is an immediate consequence of

Theorem 4.2 concerning the stability of (I.8).
(IV.5)
Corollary 4.3: Let F :U 2 V be a mapping and there

g (2 x, 2 x)
g ( x, x ) L ( x ) for all x U
2
F ( x, y, z, w)
i.e., d g ,Tg L d g ,Tg L L

x
, in (IV.5), we get,
2
(IV.6)
for all x U . Using (IV.3) for the case i 1 it reduces to
2 s 1 18 2 s 1 x s
2 2s
24 s 1 4 22 s x 4 s
2 24 s
4 s 1
2s
4s
2 22 2 2 2 x
4s
22
Now from the fixed point alternative in both cases, it

follows that there exists a fixed point A of T in such
that
f ( in 1 x, in 1 x) 8 f ( in x, in x)
n
(IV.7)
d T n g , A 0 .
for all x U , since nlim
x, y , z
F in x, in y, in z , in w
lim
in
x, y , z , w
in
n
i
4s
x s y s z s w s ,
s
s
s
s
x y z w ,
s
s
s
s
4s
x y z w x y
from (IV.1) that
n
i
(IV.9)
Proof: Setting
in x, in y, in z, in w in (IV.2) and divide by in . It follows
n
i
for all x U .
To prove A : U 2 V is additive. Putting x, y, z, w by
n
i
4s
f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x)
i.e., d g ,Tg 1 d g ,Tg 1 L0
(IV.8)
additive function A : U 2 V such that
x x
g ( x, x) 2 g , ( x) for all x U ,
2 2
A x, y, z , w lim
1
1
s
s
s
s
x y z w , s
or s ;
4
4
s
s
s
s
4s
4s
4s
x y z w x y z w
1
1
s
or s ;
4
4
x x
x
g ( x, x) 2 g ,
2
2
L1 i
x
1 L
this completes the proof of the theorem.
d f , A
which yields
This gives d Tp,Tq Ld p, q , for all p, q , i.e., T is a
A( x, x) lim
1
d f ,Tf
1 L
this implies
T p x, x T q x, x LK x , x U ,
Again replacing x
d f , A
22
4s
4s
4s
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
for all x, y, z, w U . Then, for s 2 if i 0 and for s 1

if i 1 we get
Hence the (IV.3) holds either, L 2s 1 for s 1 if i 0 and

L
in x, in y, in z , in w
in
1
for s 1 if i 1 .
2s 1
Now from (IV.4), we prove the following cases for (i).
s
s
s
n
n
n s
n
n i x i y i z i w ,
i
n s n s n s n s
n i x i y i z i w ,
i
n x s n y s n z s nw s
i
i
i
i
n
i
4s
4s
4s
in x in y in z in w
0 as n ,
0 as n ,
0 as n ,
Case (i): L 2s 1 for s 1 if i 0 .

f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x)
s 1 1 0
1 2
18 2 s 1
s
|| x ||
2
s 1
2 18 2
s 1
4s
1 2
s 1
s 1
2 2 18 2
s 1
22
Thus (IV.1) is holds. But we have x x 12 x , has
s 1
s
|| x ||
2 18 2 || x ||
s 1 1
s
|| x ||
s 1
2 2s
1
for s 1 if i 1 .
2s 1
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x)
the property x L i i x , for all x U . Hence
Case (ii): L
1
2
1
(4 ( x, x, x, x) ( x, 2 x, x, 2 x))
2
s
s
2 (18 || x || 2 || 2 x || )
(4 2 2 s ) || x ||4 s
2
2s
4s
4s
2 (22 2 2 2 ) || x ||
x x
11
1
s 1 18 2 s 1
2
s
|| x ||
1
2
1 s 1
2
s 1
18 2 s 1
2
s
s 1
|| x ||
2 1
2
2 2 18 2
s 1
2s 2

(18 || i x ||s 2 || 2 i x ||s )
i

1
i x
(4 22 s ) || i x ||4 s
i
2

(22 22 s 2 24 s ) || i x ||4 s
2i
s
|| x ||
2 18 2 || x ||
s 1
Now
s 1
s 1
2s 2
In similar manner we can prove the following cases

1
for s 1 if i 1 ,
2 4 s 1
1
for s 1 if i 0 and L 4 s 1 for s 1 if
2
L 24s 1 for s 1 if i 0 and L
and L 24s 1
i 1 for (ii) and (iii) respectively.

complete.
s
i (18 || x ||s 2 || 2 x ||s )
i
4 s
i (4 22 s ) || x ||4 s
2 i
4s
i (22 22 s 2 24 s ) || x ||4 s
2i
s 1
s
s
2 i (18 || x || 2 || 2 x || )
i4 s 1 (4 22 s ) || x ||4 s
2
4 s 1
2s
4s
4s
2 i (22 2 2 2 ) || x ||
Hence the proof is

there exist a function : U 4 (0, ] with the condition
lim
i3n
( in x, in y, in z , in w) 0
with i 2 if i 0 and i
1
2
(IV.10)
if i 1 such that the
functional inequality
F ( x, y, z, w) ( x, y, z, w)
(IV.11)

the function
is 1 ( x)
i4 s 1 ( x)
4 s 1
i ( x )
x x 12 x ,
has the property

x L i3 i x .
for all x U .
23
(IV.12)
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
Then there exists a unique 2-variable cubic mapping

C : U 2 V satisfying (I.8) and
f (2 x, 2 x ) 2 f ( x , x ) C ( x , x )
Li 1
x
1 L
Now from the fixed point alternative in both cases, it

follows that there exists a fixed point C of T in such
that
(IV.4)
C ( x, x ) lim
for all x U . The mapping (2 x) and C( x, x) are

defined in (III.10) and (III.33) respectively for all x U .
kj
d g , h d g , h
inf K 0, p x q x K x , x U
lim
Define T : by
1
i3
p i x, i x
i3n
i3
1
i3
q i x, i x
According to the alternative fixed point, since C is the

T
unique
fixed
point
of
in
the
set
p : d f , p , C is the unique function such that
p x, x q x, x K x , x U ,
n
i
for all x, y, z, w U , i.e., C satisfies (I.8).
p i x, i x
d g, h K
i3
x, y, in z, in w
n
i
for all x U . Now for all p, q ,
i3n
Tp x, x
(IV.16)
F in x, in y, in z , in w
C x, y, z , w lim
It is easy to see that ,d is complete.
p i x, i x
x, in 1 x) 2 f ( in x, in x )
in x, in y, in z, in w in (IV.11) and divide by i3n . It follows

from (IV.1) that
and introduce the generalized metric on ,
n 1
i
To prove C : U 2 V is cubic. Putting x, y, z, w by
p p : U 2 V , p 0 0
i3
f (
d T n h, C 0 .
for all x U , since nlim
Proof: Consider the set
i3n
f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x) K x
i3
for all x U and K 0 . Again using the fixed point

alternative, we obtain
K i x , x U ,
q i x, i x LK x , x U ,
T p x, x T q x, x LK x , x U ,
d f ,C
1
d f ,Tf
1 L
d f ,C
L1 i
d f , Tf
1 L
this implies
d Tp, Tq LK .
This gives d Tp,Tq Ld p, q , for all p, q , i.e., T is a

strictly contractive mapping of , with Lipschitz constant
L.
which yields
f (2 x, 2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C ( x, x)
From (III.36), we arrive

h(2 x, 2 x)
( x)
h ( x, x )
8
8
L1 i
x
1 L
this completes the proof of the theorem.

(IV.14)
The following Corollary is an immediate consequence of

Theorem 4.4 concerning the stability of (I.8).
Corollary 4.5: Let F :U 2 V be a mapping and there

h(2 x, 2 x)
h( x, x ) L ( x )
8
for all x U ,
F ( x, y, z, w)
x
Again replacing x , in (IV.14), we get,
2
x x
x
h( x, x) 8h ,
2 2
2
3
3
s
s
s
s
x y z w , s
or s ;
4
4
s
s
s
s
4s
4s
4s
x y z w x y z w
3
3
s
or s ;
4
4
i.e., d h,Th L d h,Th L L1
(IV.15)
4s
(IV.17)
cubic function C : U 2 V such that
x x
h( x, x) 8h , ( x)
2 2
for all x U ,
f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A( x, x)
i.e., d h,Th 1 d h,Th 1 L0
24

2 s 1 18 2 s 1 x s
8 2s
24 s 1 4 22 s x 4 s
8 24 s
4 s 1
2s
4s
2 22 2 2 2 x
8 24 s
Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26
1 Li 1
Li 1

x
x
6 1 L
1 L
for all x U . Thus we obtain (IV.21) by defining

1
1
A1 ( x, x)
A( x, x) and C1 ( x, x) C ( x, x) , (2kj x) , A( x, x)
6
6
and C( x, x) are defined in (III.10), (III.5) and (III.33) for
(IV.18)
4s
for all x U .
all x U .
Proof: The proof of the corollary is similar tracing as that

of corollary 4.3.
The following corollary is the immediate consequence

of Theorem 4.6, using Corollaries 4.3 and 4.5 concerning
the stability of (I.8).

there exist a function : U 4 (0, ] with (IV.1) and
(IV.10) where i 2 if i 0 and i
1
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A1( x, x)
6
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A1 ( x, x)

1
if i 1 such that
2
the functional inequality

F ( x, y, z, w) ( x, y, z, w)
F ( x, y, z, w)
(IV.19)
3
3
s
s
s
s
x y z w , s
or s ;
4
4
3
3
s
or s ;
4
4

the function
x x x ,
1
2
has the (IV.3) and (IV.12), then there exists a unique 2variable additive mapping A : U 2 V unique 2-variable
cubic mapping C : U 2 V satisfying (I.8) and
f ( x, x) A( x, x) C ( x, x)
1 Li 1
x
31 L
(IV.20)
18 2 s 1 1
1
s
s
s
7 82
22
2
s
4 2 1
1
4s
4s
4s
3
2
2
7
8
2s
4s
22 2 2 2 1
1
4s
3
7 8 22 s
22
variable cubic function C1 : U 2 V such that

(IV.21)
and
f (2 x, 2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C1 ( x, x)
i 1
L
x
1 L
(IV.22)
4s
(III.24)
for all x U .
for all x U . Now from (III.21) and (III.22), one can see
that
f ( x, x )
4s
f ( x, x) A( x, x) C ( x, x)
Proof: By Theorems 4.1 and 4.4, there exists a unique 2variable additive function A1 : U 2 V and a unique 2Li 1
x
1 L
(IV.23)
for all x, y, z, w U , then there exists a unique 2-variable
mapping C : U 2 V such that
for all x U . The mapping (2kj x) , A( x, x) and C( x, x) are

defined in (III.5), (III.10) and (III.33) respectively for
all x U .
f (2 x, 2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A1 ( x, x)
V.
1
1
A1 ( x, x) C1 ( x, x)
6
6
CONCLUSION
The (I.8) is stable in Banach spaces via direct and fixed

point method in sprit of Hyers, Ulam, Rasssias.
f (2 x,2 x) 8 f ( x, x) A1 ( x, x)

6
6
6
REFERENCES
f (2 x,2 x) 2 f ( x, x) C1 ( x, x)
6
6
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Journal of Modern Mathematics Frontier

Sept. 2012, Vol. 1 Iss. 3, PP. 10-26