Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was a Pakistani politician and statesman who served as
the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as
the 4th President of Pakistan. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was also the founder of
Pakistan's atomic bomb programme, and due to his administrative and
aggressive leadership to lead this nuclear deterrence programme, Bhutto is
often known as Father of Nuclear deterrence programme.
Bhutto is considered the main architect of 1973 constitution as part of his
vision to put Pakistan to road to parliamentary democracy. One of the major
achievements in Bhutto's life was drafting of Pakistan's first ever consensus
constitution to the country. During his period as prime minister, a number of
land reforms were also introduced. The important land reforms included the
reduction of land ceilings and introducing the security of tenancy to tenant
farmers. The land reform programme provided increased economic support
to landless tenants, and development spending was substantially increased,
particularly on health and education, in both rural and urban areas. As well
as, Bhutto abolished the Shishak and Sardari System in Balochsitan. In
1976, the Bhutto government carried out the establishment of Federal Flood
Commission (FFC), and was tasked to prepare national flood protection plans,
and flood forecasting and research to harness floodwater. Bhutto later went
onto to upgrade a number of dams and barrages built in Sindh Province.
Bhutto introduced socialist economics policies while working to prevent any
further division of the country. Major heavy mechanical, chemical, and
electrical engineering industries were immediately nationalised by Bhutto,
and all of the industries came under direct control of government. Bhutto
abandoned Ayub Khan's state capitalism policies, and introduced socialist
policies in a move to reduce the rich get richer and poor get poorer ratio.
Bhutto also established the Port Qasim, Pakistan Steel Mills, the Heavy
Mechanical Complex (HMC) and several cement factories. The labour policy
was among one of the most important cornerstone of Bhutto's government
and a comprehensive labor reforms initiated by the Bhutto government. In
1973, the government instituted Labour Courts for the speedy redress of
workers grievances and the government also introduced a scheme for
workers participation in management, through the nationalisation policy.