Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
parsons
ENERGY & CHEMICALS Group
DESIGN GUIDE
Project, Client, Location
Rev
Date
ECS-DGS-007
(PIP STE05121)
2/6/03
Sheet of
COMPANY STANDARD
In-House Review
Client Approval
Design
Fabrication
Construction
_____________________
Approvals
Rev
Date
By
2/6/03
DB
Ck
Section
DB
Project
Engineer
Remarks
Client
Initial Issue
This sheet is a record of each issue or revision to the subject specification. Each time this specification document is changed, only the new or revised
sheets must be issued. The exact sheets changed and the nature of the change should be noted in the Remarks column; however, these remarks are not
a part of the specification. The revised sheets shall become part of the original specification and shall be complied with in their entirety.
EGE-FRM-008 (2/06/03)
January 2003
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
This Practice is subject to revision at any time by the responsible Function Team and
will be reviewed every 5 years. This Practice will be revised, reaffirmed, or withdrawn.
Information on whether this Practice has been revised may be found at www.pip.org.
PIP will not consider requests for interpretations (inquiries) for this Practice.
January 2003
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
Table of Contents
1. Introduction .................................. 3
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Purpose ............................................. 3
Scope................................................. 3
Use of Shall and Should ............... 3
Dimensions ........................................ 3
2. References ................................... 3
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Anchors.............................................. 7
Sleeves .............................................. 8
Washers ............................................ 8
Corrosion ........................................... 9
5. Strength Design........................ 10
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
Loading ............................................ 10
Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet..... 10
Anchor Design Considerations ........ 10
Shear Strength of Anchors in a
Rectangular Pattern......................... 11
Page 1 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
10. Pretensioning............................20
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
Advantages ......................................21
Disadvantages..................................21
When to Apply Pretensioning ...........21
Concrete Failure...............................21
Stretching Length .............................22
Pretensioning Methods.....................22
Relaxation ........................................23
Tightening Sequence .......................23
Recommended Tightening if Anchor
Pretensioning Is Not Required .........23
January 2003
Examples
1.
2.
3.
4.
Figures
A. Anchor Details ................................ A-5
B-1. Concrete Breakout Strength of
Anchors in Shear
Octagon Weak Anchors............... A-6
B-2. Concrete Breakout Strength of
Anchors in Shear
Octagon Strong Anchors ............. A-7
C-1. Tensile Reinforcement
Vertical Dowels............................... A-8
C-2 Tensile Reinforcement
Vertical Hairpin ............................... A-9
D-1. Shear Reinforcement
Horizontal Hairpin......................... A-10
D-2. Shear Reinforcement
Closed Ties .................................. A-11
D-3. Shear Reinforcement
Anchored Reinforcement ............. A-12
D-4. Shear Reinforcement
Shear Angles................................ A-13
D-5. Shear Reinforcement
Strut-and-Tie Model...................... A-14
E. Minimum Lateral Reinforcement
Pedestal ....................................... A-15
F. Coefficients of Friction.................. A-16
G. Pretensioned Anchors for Turbines
and Reciprocating Compressors.. A-17
H. Anchor-Tightening Sequence....... A-18
Page 2 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
1.
Introduction
1.1
Purpose
This Practice provides the engineer and designer with guidelines for anchor
design for use by the process industry companies and engineering/construction
firms.
1.2
Scope
This design guide defines the minimum requirements for the design of anchors in
process industry facilities at onshore U.S. sites. Included are material selection,
strength design, ductile design, reinforcing, shear lugs, and pretensioning.
1.3
1.4
Dimensions
At the time of issue of this Practice, a metric version of the basic reference for
Anchor Bolt Design, ACI 318, had not been developed; therefore this Practice
was developed in English units only.
2.
References
When adopted in this Practice, the latest edition of the following applicable codes,
standards, specifications, and references in effect on the date of contract award shall be
used, except as otherwise specified. Short titles will be used herein when appropriate.
2.1
2.2
Page 3 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
Government Regulations
Federal Standards and Instructions of the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), including any additional requirements by state or local
agencies that have jurisdiction in the state where the project is to be constructed,
shall apply.
U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)
OSHA 29 CFR 1910 - Industrial Safety and Regulatory Compliance
Page 4 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
2.4
Other References
Blodgett, Omar W., Design of Welded Structures, The James F. Lincoln
Arc Welding Foundation, 1966
3.
Notation
Note:
Force and stress units shown herein under Notation are lb and psi respectively.
At times, it is more convenient to show these units in the text, tables, and
examples as kips and ksi, respectively. Where this is done, the units will always
be shown.
AN
Ase
Ar
Arb
AVo = Projected concrete failure area of one anchor, for calculation of strength in
shear, when not limited by corner influences, spacing, or member thickness,
inches2
AC
= Clear distance from top of reinforcing bar to finished surface (concrete cover),
inches
= Distance from the center of the anchor shaft to the edge of the concrete
(Figure A), inches
c1
= Distance from the center of anchor shaft to the edge of the concrete in one
direction, inches. Where shear force is applied to the anchor, c1 is in the
direction of the shear force.
c2
= Distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of the concrete in the
direction orthogonal to c1, inches
do
db
ds
fc
= Compressive strength of concrete (shall not be taken as greater than 10,000 psi),
psi
fut
Page 5 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
Fy
fy
ha
= Overall length of anchor under the head or above the base nut (Figure A),
inches
he
hef
hs
ldh
lhb
Mu
Mn
= Number of anchors
Ncb
Ns
Nsb
P1
= Anchor projection below bottom nut for Type 2 anchors (Figure A), inches
Page 6 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
4.
Vcp
Vf
Vn
Vs
Vu
Wh
= Concrete strength reduction factor (This value varies; refer to text for value.)
= Coefficient of friction
Materials
4.1
Anchors
Refer to the ASCE Anchor Bolt Report, chapter 2, for a description of and
specifications for common materials for anchors. Unless a special corrosive
environment exists, the following should be specified:
a. For low- to moderate-strength requirements: ASTM A307 headed bolts,
ASTM A36 rods, or ASTM F1554 grade 36 rods
b. For higher strength requirements: ASTM A193 grade B7, ASTM F1554
grade 55 or grade 105, or ASTM A354 grade BC or grade BD
The following table provides properties for the recommended anchor materials.
Suitable nuts by grade may be obtained from ASTM A563. If ASTM F1554
grade 55 rods are specified, add the weldability supplement.
Page 7 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
4.2
1/4" < do
1"
1" < do
1.5"
1.5" < do
3"
Fy
ksi
Not clearly
defined
36
55
105
105
fut
ksi
60
Ductile?
Yes
58
75
125
125
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
95
115
Yes
75
100
Yes
109
125
Yes
130
150
Yes
92
120
Yes
81
105
Yes
58
90
Yes
Sleeves
Anchors should be installed with sleeves when small movement of the bolt is
desired after the bolt is set in concrete. The two most common examples follow:
a. When precise alignment of anchors is required during installation of
structural columns or equipment. In this situation, the sleeve should be
filled with grout after installation is complete.
b. When anchors will be pretensioned to maintain the bolt under continuous
tensile stresses during load reversal. Pretensioning requires the bolt surface
to be free; therefore, the top of these sleeves should be sealed or the sleeve
should be filled with elastomeric material to prevent grout or water from
filling the sleeve.
Two types of sleeves are commonly used with anchors. A partial sleeve is
primarily used for alignment requirements, whereas the full sleeve is used for
alignment as well as for pretensioning. Sleeves do not affect the design of a
headed anchor for tensile loading because the tension in the anchor is transferred
to the concrete through the head, not the anchorconcrete bond. Sleeved anchors
can resist shear forces only when the sleeve is filled with grout.
Refer to PIP REIE686 for use of sleeves with anchor bolts in machinery
foundations.
For concrete cover requirements, refer to section 5.6.4 of this Practice.
4.3
Washers
Washers are required for all anchor bolts. If the anchors are to be pretensioned
(refer to section 10), a hardened washer conforming to ASTM F436 is required.
Page 8 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
The following table shows the PIP-recommended base plate hole diameter. The
hole in the washer should be equal to the bolt diameter plus 1/16 inch.
Recommended Base Plate Hole and Washer Size
Anchor Bolt
Dia.
(Inches)
PIP-Recommended
Base Plate Hole
Diameter*
Outside
Washer Dia.
(Inches)
1/2
13/16
1-5/8
5/8
15/16
1-3/4
3/4
1-1/16
1-7/8
7/8
1-3/16
2-1/4
1-1/2
2 5/8
1-1/4
1-3/4
2-7/8
1-1/2
3-1/8
1-3/4
2-1/4
3-3/4
4-1/2
2-1/4
3-1/4
4-3/4
2-1/2
3-1/2
2-3/4
3-3/4
5-1/4
5-1/2
3 1/2
4.4
Corrosion
Corrosion of an anchor can seriously affect the strength and design life of the
anchor. When deciding which anchor material to use or what precaution to take
against corrosion, consider the following:
a. Is the anchor encased in concrete or exposed to the elements?
b. What elements will the anchor contact?
Chemical compounds
Saltwater
Ground water
Caustic gases
c. What limitations are present, affecting anchor size, length, and material,
fabrication options, availability, and cost?
Galvanizing is a common option for ASTM A307 bolts and for ASTM A36 and
ASTM F1554 grade 36 threaded rods. Stainless steel anchors are a costly option
but may be required in some environments. Painting or coating the anchor will
protect the anchor, but more maintenance may be required.
Page 9 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
To reduce the amount of contact with corrosive substances, pier design and
anchor arrangement should consider water collection and anchor environment.
If the engineer determines that prolonged contact with a corrosive substance is
unavoidable, a metallurgist should be consulted to determine alternate anchor
materials or protective options.
5.
Strength Design
Strength design, which utilizes factored loads, shall be in accordance with Appendix D
of ACI 318-02. In this Practice, strength design will apply to headed bolts and headed
stud anchors, solidly cast in concrete. In accordance with ASCE 7-2002,
section A.9.9.1.7, the exclusion for bolts more than 2 inches in diameter or embedded
more than 25 inches (shown in ACI 318-02, D.2.2) may be ignored; however only
equation D-7 (not equation D-8) shall be used for checking the breakout strength in
cracked concrete.
ACI 318-02, D.6.2.7, states that for anchors located in a region of a concrete member
where analysis indicates no cracking at service loads, the modification factor, 7, shall be
equal to 1.4. The tops of pedestals are normally outside cracked regions; therefore 7
should be 1.4 for most pedestals. For anchors at beams and slabs, follow the guidelines
of ACI 318-02, section D.6.2.7.
5.1
Loading
Anchors shall be designed for the factored load combinations in accordance with
ACI 318-02, section 9.2 or Appendix C. Care shall be taken to assure that the
proper strength reduction factor, , is used. That is, if the load combinations in
section 9.2 are used, then use the s from section 9.2; if the load combinations
from Appendix C are used, then use the s from Appendix C.
5.2
5.3
Page 10 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
exceed the values that can be resisted by friction between the base plate and the
grout (see sections 8 and 9), a suitable means must be provided to transfer the
shear from the base plate to the foundation. This can be accomplished by the
following:
a. Either shear lugs are used, or
b. A mechanism to transfer load from the base plate to the bolt without
slippage is incorporated (such as welding washers in place).
If no tensile force is applied to the anchors, the anchors need not be designed for
tension. Where the tensile force is adequately transferred to properly designed
rebar, there is no requirement to check for concrete breakout strength of the
anchor or anchors in tension (Ncb or Ncbg). Refer to section 7.3.
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.5.1
5.5.2
Minimum Dimensions
Minimum edge distance and anchor spacing shall be in accordance with ACI 318
and should be in accordance with ASCE recommendations. Minimum
embedment should be in accordance with the recommendations of the ASCE
Anchor Bolt Report. Refer to Table 1 and Figure A of this Practice. (If
supplementary reinforcement is added to control splitting or the anchor size is
Page 11 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
larger than required to resist the load, then ACI 318 allows the following edge
distances and anchor spacing to be reduced. Refer to ACI 318-02, section D.8.
5.6.1
Edge Distance
a. ACI 318 requires cast-in headed anchors that will be torqued to
have minimum edge distances of 6do. Otherwise, the only
requirement for edge distance is that at least the same cover be
present as required for (1) reinforcement cover (normally 2 inches)
and (2) to prevent side-face blowout or concrete shear failure.
b. For constructability reasons, the ASCE Anchor Bolt Report
recommends a minimum edge distance of 4do for ASTM A307 or
ASTM A36 bolts or their equivalent and 6do for high-strength bolts.
c. According to PIP REIE686, the recommended edge distance for
anchor bolts in machinery foundations is 4do, 6 inches minimum.
5.6.2
Embedment Depth
No minimum embedment depth is specified in ACI 318 as long as the
effective embedment depth is enough to resist uplift forces. If ductility is
required, greater embedment may be necessary. The ASCE Anchor Bolt
Report recommends a minimum embedment depth of 12 diameters.
hef = 12do
5.6.3
5.6.4
5.6.5
Page 12 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
width or diameter minus 1/2 Wh, and the spacing should be increased by
the plate width or diameter minus Wh.
5.6.6
Anchor Projection
Anchor bolts should project a minimum of two threads above the fully
engaged nut(s).
6.
Ductile Design
6.1
6.1.2
6.3
Page 13 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
be shown that failure that is due to tensile loads will occur before failure that is
due to shear loads, then the anchor need only be ductile for tensile loads. (The
reverse would also be true but would not normally be applicable to design.)
The first step is to select the anchor size considering only the steel failure modes,
that is by using 0.75
Ns and 0.75
Vs. In addition, make sure that the steel chosen
is ductile steel as listed in section 4.1. The engineer will need to do the following
calculations manually, using Appendix D of ACI 318-02.
Comment: For PIP Member Companies, the loads and size can then be
entered into the Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet, described in
section 5.2, to check the second and third steps (next two
paragraphs).
The second step is to ensure that the concrete pullout capacities (concrete
breakout strength in tension, pullout strength of anchor in tension, and concrete
side-face blowout strength) are greater than the tensile steel capacity of the
anchor:
Ncb or Ncbg > Ns, Npn > Ns, and Nsb or Nsbg > Ns
The third step is to ensure that the concrete shear capacities (concrete breakout
strength in shear and concrete pryout strength in shear) are greater than the steel
shear capacity of the anchor:
Vcb or Vcbg > Vs and Vcp > Vs
In lieu of the preceding requirements, the attachment to the structure that is
connected by the anchor to the foundation may be designed so that the
attachment will undergo ductile yielding at a load level no greater than
75 percent of the minimum anchor design strength.
6.4
6.4.2
Page 14 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
7.
Reinforcing Design
7.1
General
When anchor embedment or edge distances are not sufficient to prevent concrete
failure that is due to factored loads, or for a ductile type connection, if Ncb or
Ncbg < Ns or Vcb or Vcbg < Vs, then reinforcing steel may be used to
prevent concrete failure.
The reinforcing needed to develop the required anchor strength shall be designed
in accordance with ACI 318 and the following.
7.2
Failure Surface
Reinforcement shall be fully developed for the required load on both sides of the
failure surfaces resulting from tensile or shear forces. Development lengths and
reinforcement covers shall be in accordance with ACI 318.
7.2.1
The failure surface resulting from the applied tension load shall be one
of the following:
a. For a single bolt, the failure surface is that of a pyramid, with the
depth equal to the embedded depth of the anchor (hef) and the base
being a square with each side equal to three times the embedded
depth (3hef). (Refer to Figure RD.5.2.1(a) of ACI 318-02.)
b. For a group of bolts where the bolts are closer together than 3hef,
the failure surface is that of a truncated pyramid. This pyramid is
formed by a line radiating at a 1.5-to-1 slope from the bearing edge
of the anchor group, edge of nuts, toward the surface from which
the anchors protrude. (Refer to Figure RD.5.2.1(b) of ACI 318-02.)
Page 15 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
7.2.2
7.3
January 2003
The failure surface resulting from the applied shear load is defined as a
half pyramid radiating at a 1.5-to-1 slope in all directions, originating at
the top of the concrete where the anchor protrudes and ending at the free
surface in the direction of the shear. (Refer to Figure RD.6.2.1(a) of
ACI 318-02.) For multiple anchors closer together than three times the
edge distance, c1, the failure surface is from the outermost anchors.
(Refer to Figure RD.6.2.1(b) of ACI 318-02.)
7.3.2
Page 16 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
8.
7.4.2
7.4.3
7.4.4
For pedestals, a minimum of two No. 4 ties or three No. 3 ties is required
within 5 inches of the top of each pedestal. Refer to Figure E. Use of
three ties is recommended near the top of each pedestal if shear lugs are
used or if the pedestals are located in areas of moderate or high seismic
risk.
Frictional Resistance
8.1
General
Where allowed by code, anchors need not be designed for shear if it can be
shown that the factored shear loads are transmitted through friction developed
between the bottom of the base plate and the top of the concrete foundation. If
there is moment on a base plate, the moment may produce a downward load that
will develop friction even when the column or vertical vessel is in uplift. This
downward load can be considered in calculating frictional resistance. Care shall
be taken to assure that the downward load that produces frictional resistance
occurs simultaneously with the shear load. In resisting horizontal loads, the
friction resistance attributable to downward force from overturning moment may
be used.
Page 17 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
The frictional resistance can also be used in combination with shear lugs to resist
the factored shear load. The frictional resistance should not be used in
combination with the shear resistance of anchors unless a mechanism exists to
keep the base plate from slipping before the anchors can resist the load (such as
welding the anchor nut to the base plate).
Note:
8.2
Before planning to weld the anchor nut to the base plate, the engineer
should consult a welding specialist to determine whether this is
practical. Depending on the metallurgy of the nut, the welding may
require a special welding procedure.
= coefficient of friction
The materials used and the embedment depth of the base plate determine the
value of the coefficient of friction. (Refer to Figure F for a pictorial
representation.)
a. = 0.90 for concrete placed against as-rolled steel with the contact plane a
full plate thickness below the concrete surface.
b. = 0.70 for concrete or grout placed against as-rolled steel with the
contact plate coincidental with the concrete surface.
c. = 0.55 for grouted conditions with the contact plane between grout and
as-rolled steel above the concrete surface.
9.
Page 18 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
base plate into the pipe section to allow grout placement and inspection to assure that
grout is filling the entire pipe section.
9.1
9.2
= 0.65
b. Determine the shear lug dimensions, assuming that bearing occurs only on
the portion of the lug below the grout level. Assume a value of W, the lug
width, on the basis of the known base plate size to find H, the total height
of the lug, including the grout thickness, G:
H = (Areq /W) + G
c. Calculate the factored cantilever end moment acting on a unit length of the
shear lug:
Mu = (Vapp/W) * (G + (H-G)/2)
d. With the value for the moment, the lug thickness can be found. The shear
lug should not be thicker than the base plate:
t = [(4 * Mu)/(0.9*Fy)]0.5
e. Design weld between plate section and base plate.
f.
Calculate the breakout strength of the shear lug in shear. The method
shown as follows is from ACI 349-01, Appendix B, section B.11:
*[fc]0.5
Vcb = AV*4*
where
AV = the projected area of the failure half-truncated pyramid defined
by projecting a 45-degree plane from the bearing edges of the
shear lug to the free edge. The bearing area of the shear lug
shall be excluded from the projected area.
= concrete strength reduction factor = 0.85
9.3
Page 19 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
= 0.60
b. Determine the shear lug dimensions, assuming that bearing occurs only on
the portion of the lug below the grout level. Assume the D, diameter of the
pipe section, based on the known base plate size to find H, the total height
of the pipe, including the grout thickness, G:
H = (Areq/D) + G
c. Calculate the factored cantilever end moment acting on the shear lug pipe:
M = Vapp * (G + (H-G)/2)
d. Check the applied shear force and the bending moment for pipe section
failure (AISC LRFD Manual, pages 6-113, 6-116).
Shear check
v Vn Vapp
where v = 0.9 and Vn = 0.6 Fy (D2 (D-2t)2)/4
Moment check
b Mn Mu
where b = 0.9 and Mn = S * [{600/(D/t)} + Fy]
e. Design weld between pipe stub section and base plate.
f.
10.
Pretensioning
Pretensioning induces preset tensile stresses to anchor bolts before actual loads are
applied. When properly performed, pretensioning can reduce deflection, avoid stress
reversal, and minimize vibration amplitude of dynamic machinery. Pretensioning may be
considered for the following:
a.
b.
c.
However, pretensioning adds cost, and the stress level is difficult to maintain because of
creep and relaxation of the bolt material. AISC does not recommend pretensioning
anchors. The AISC LRFD Manual paragraph C-A3.4 states, The designer should be
aware that pretensioning anchor bolts is not recommended due to relaxation and stress
corrosion after pretensioning. AISC Steel Design Guide Series 1, anchor bolt section
states, Because of long-term relaxation of concrete, prestressing of anchor bolts is
unreliable and hardly ever justified.
In practical applications, the engineer should decide whether to pretension the anchor
bolt by considering the following advantages and disadvantages:
Page 20 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
10.1
Advantages
The advantages of pretensioning are as follows:
a. Can prevent stress reversals on anchors susceptible to fatigue weakening
b. May increase dampening for pulsating or vibrating equipment
c. Will decrease, to some extent, the drift for process towers under wind or
seismic load
d. Will increase the frictional shear resistance for process towers and other
equipment
10.2
Disadvantages
The disadvantages of pretensioning are as follows:
a. Can be a costly process to install accurately
b. No recognized code authority that gives guidance on the design and
installation of pretensioned anchors. There is little research in this area.
c. Questionable nature about the long-term load on the anchor from creep of
concrete under the pretension load
d. Possible stress corrosion of the anchors after pretensioning
e. Typically, no bearing resistance to shear on the anchor. This is because
during pretensioning, the sleeve around the anchor typically is not filled
with grout.
f.
10.4
Concrete Failure
In certain situations, the use of high-strength anchors in concrete with high
pretension forces may exceed the ultimate capacity of the concrete by
prematurely breaking out the concrete in the typical failure pyramid. Whether
this situation can occur depends on the depth of the anchor and on other factors,
such as edge conditions and arrangement of the base plate. To ensure that
premature concrete failure does not occur, pretensioned anchors shall be
designed so that the breakout strength of the anchor in tension is greater than the
maximum pretension force applied to the anchor. In the case of a stiff base plate
Page 21 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
covering the concrete failure pyramid, the stresses induced by external uplift on
the concrete are offset by the clamping force and the gravity loads. For this case,
the breakout strength needs only to be designed for the amount that the external
uplift exceeds the gravity plus pretensioning force loads.
10.5
Stretching Length
Prestressing should be implemented only when the stretching (spring) length of
the anchor extends down near the anchor head of the anchor. On a typical anchor
embedment, where there is no provision for a stretching length, if a prestressing
load is applied to the anchor, the anchor starts to shed its load to the concrete
through its bond on the anchor. At that time, a high bond stress exists in the first
few inches of embedment. This bond will relieve itself over time and thereby
reduce the prestress load on the anchor. Therefore it is important to prevent
bonding between the anchor and concrete for pretensioned anchors. Refer to
Figure G for a suggested detail.
10.6
Pretensioning Methods
Methods used to apply preload are as follows:
10.6.1 Hydraulic jacking: Hydraulic jacking is the most accurate method and is
recommended if the pretension load is essential to the integrity of the
design. The anchor design should accommodate any physical clearance
and anchor projections required for the hydraulic equipment.
10.6.2 Torque wrench: Torque wrench pretensioning provides only a rough
measure of actual pretension load but can be the method of choice if the
amount of pretension load is not critical. Torque values are shown in
Table 4.
10.6.3 Turn-of-nut: This method is the easiest to apply, but there are questions
as to the accuracy of the pretension load. The pretension load from
stretching the anchor can be closely determined, but accounting for the
compression of the concrete between the base plate and the nut at the
bottom of the anchor is difficult. Per the ASCE Anchor Bolt Report, the
required amount of nut rotation from the snug tight condition to
produce a desired tensile stress in the bolt (ft) can be determined using
the following formula.
Nut rotation in degrees = (360 l Ase ft Tlc) / (E Ad)
where:
Page 22 of 25
bolt stretch length (the distance between the top and bottom
nuts on the bolt)
Ase
ft
Tlc
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
Ad
Relaxation
According to ACI 355.1 R, section 3.2.2, If headed anchors are pretensioned,
the initial force induced in the anchor is reduced with time due to creep of the
highly stressed concrete under the anchor head. The final value of the tension
force in the anchor depends primarily on the value of bearing stresses under the
head, the concrete deformation, and the anchorage depth. In typical cases the
value of that final force will approach 40 to 80 percent of the initial preload
(40 percent for short anchors, 80 percent for long anchors). Retensioning the
anchors about 1 week after the initial tensioning can reduce the loss of preload.
According to ACI 355.1R, the reduction of the initial preload can be reduced by
about 30 percent by retensioning.
10.8
Tightening Sequence
Pretensioned anchors should be tightened in two stages:
a. First stage should apply 50 percent of the full pretension load to all
anchors.
b. Second stage should apply full pretension load to all anchors.
Anchors should be tightened in a crisscross pattern. (Refer to Figure H.)
10.9
Page 23 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
Page 24 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
Appendix
Figures, Tables, and Examples
Page 25 of 25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
HEAVY
HEX
HEAD/
NUT
ANCH.
TYPE 2
P1
ANCHOR
WIDTH
DIA.
Wh
do
12do
do + 1/2"
(in.)
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-3/8
1-1/2
1-3/4
2
2-1/4
2-1/2
2-3/4
3
(in.)
1.00
1.25
1.44
1.69
1.88
2.06
2.31
2.50
2.75
3.19
3.63
4.06
4.50
4.94
5.31
(in.)
1.00
1.13
1.25
1.38
1.50
1.63
1.75
1.88
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00
3.25
3.50
(in.)
6.0
7.5
9.0
10.5
12.0
13.5
15.0
16.5
18.0
21.0
24.0
27.0
30.0
33.0
36.0
EDGE DISTANCE c
HIGHA307/A36 STRENGTH
F1554
OR
Grade 36 TORQUED
BOLTS
4do 4.5"
6do 4.5"
(in.)
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
(in.)
4.5
4.5
4.5
5.3
6.0
6.8
7.5
8.3
9.0
10.5
12.0
13.5
15.0
16.5
18.0
SLEEVES
SPACING
SHELL SIZE
he '
4do
Diameter Height
6do 6"
ds
hs
(in.)
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
(in.)
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
6
(in.)
5
7
7
7
10
10
10
15
15
15
18
18
24
24
24
(in.)
6
6
6
6
6
7
8
8
9
11
12
14
15
17
18
FOR MACHINERY FOUNDATIONS PIP REIE686 REQUIRES A MINIMUM EDGE DISTANCE OF 6 INCHES.
Page A-1
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
(12-1)
where c is the smaller of either the distance from the center of the bar to the
nearest concrete surface or one-half the center-to-center spacing of the bars
BAR
SIZE
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
#11
BAR
BAR
AREA CAPACITY
Ar
*Ar*(fy)
(sq. in.)
(Kips)
0.11
0.20
0.31
0.44
0.60
0.79
1.00
1.27
1.56
5.94
10.80
16.74
23.76
32.40
42.66
54.00
68.58
84.24
c = 3.0 in.
TENSION DEVELOPMENT
TENSION DEVELOPMENT
REQUIRED
LENGTH, ld
LENGTH, ld
COVER
TOP
OTHER
TOP
OTHER
(in.)
(in.)
(in.)
1:5/16
1:1/4
1:3/16
1:1/8
1:1/16
1
15/16
7/8
13/16
13
17
22
32
55
71
91
115
142
12
13
17
25
42
55
70
89
109
c = 1.5 in.
(in.)
(in.)
2:13/16
13
2:3/4
17
2:11/16
22
2:5/8
26
2:9/16
38
2:1/2
43
2:7/16
48
2:3/8
58
2:5/16
71
SPACING 12.0 in.
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
#11
5:13/16
5:3/4
5:11/16
5:5/8
5:9/16
5:1/2
5:7/16
5:3/8
5:5/16
13
17
22
26
38
43
48
55
61
(in.)
12
13
17
20
29
33
37
44
55
c = 6.0 in.
12
13
17
20
29
33
37
42
47
Page A-2
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
la
lb
f*Ar*(fy)
(kips)
5.94
10.80
16.74
23.76
32.40
42.66
54.00
68.58
84.24
0.7*ldh
(in.)
6.0
7.7
9.6
11.5
13.4
15.3
17.3
19.5
21.6
(in.)
2.0
3.2
4.6
5.5
6.4
7.3
7.1
8.0
8.9
(in.)
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
10.2
11.4
12.7
OTHER
BARS
ld (a)
(ACI
INSIDE
12.2.3)
HOOK
(in.)
2.3
3.0
3.8
4.5
5.3
6.0
9.5
10.8
12.0
(a)
(in.)
12
13
17
25
42
55
70
89
109
TOP
BARS
ld (a)
(ACI
12.2.3)
CAPACITY
SEE NOTE (4)
(in.)
8.2
11.0
13.7
16.4
19.2
21.9
24.7
27.8
30.9
ldh
(ACI/
CRSI)
(0.02fy/(f'c)0.5)db
(ACI 12.5.2 )
CAPACITY
SEE NOTE (4)
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
#11
REINFORCING BAR
CAPACITY
REINFORCEMENT
BAR SIZE
(kips)
6.91
13.40
21.22
29.06
37.36
48.37
59.54
74.83
91.15
(in.)
13
17
22
32
55
71
91
115
142
(kips)
6.84
12.80
20.19
27.84
36.22
47.06
58.26
73.39
89.56
f'c
Development
Length Factor (D)
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
lb remains the same.
T (hairpin ) = T (hook) x (1+l a/ld)
HAIRPIN CAPACITY:
1.00
0.87
0.77
0.71
ldh = ldh*(D)
la = ldh-lb
Page A-3
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
Nominal Bolt
Diameter (inches)
1/2
5/8
3/4
7/8
1
1-1/8
1-1/4
1-1/2
1-3/4
2
2-1/4
2-1/2
2-3/4
3
Number of Threads
(per inch)
13
11
10
9
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
Torque
(foot-pounds)
30
60
100
160
245
355
500
800
1,500
2,200
3,180
4,400
5,920
7,720
Pretension Load
(pounds)
3,780
6,060
9,060
12,570
16,530
21,840
27,870
42,150
59,400
79,560
102,690
128,760
157,770
189,720
Note 1: All torque values are based on anchor bolts with threads well lubricated with oil.
Note 2: In all cases, the elongation of the bolt will indicate the load on the bolt.
Note 3: Based upon 30-ksi internal bolt stress
* From PIP REIE686, Recommended Practices for Machinery Installation and Installation Design,
Appendix A.
Page A-4
PIP STE05121
Anchor Design Guide
January 2003
C
EDGE
DIST.
ds
he'
do
TYPE 1
C
EDGE
DIST.
ds
P1
do
he'
hef
ha
hs
T.O. CONC.
PROJECTION
hef
ha
hs
T.O. CONC.
P PROJECTION
TACK
WELD
NUT
TYPE 2
NOTE: DISTANCE BETWEEN BOTTOM OF SLEEVE AND ANCHOR BEARING
SURFACE, he' , SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 6d o NOR 6-IN.
REFER TO TABLE 1 FOR MINIMUM DIMENSIONS
Page A-5
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
FIGURE B-1: Concrete Breakout Strength of Anchors in Shear Octagon "Weak Anchors"
Approximate solution
c1= Do /2 - AC/2
Calculate D o so that equivalent circle has same area as
octagon.
Note: Area of octagon = 0.828D
Do2/4 = 0.828D2
c2, c4 = [(1.03D/2)2-(AC/2)2]1/2
Do2 = 0.828D2(4)
0.828D2(4)
Av = 1.5c1D
Do =
Av (max) = n 4.5c12
= 1.03D
Pythagorean theorem:
Page A-6
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
FIGURE B-2: Concrete Breakout Strength of Anchors in Shear Octagon "Strong" Anchors
c1 will vary with the number of anchors considred. Only anchors with
an edge distance, c1, greater than or equal to the c 1 for the chosen bolt
shall be used for resisting shear.
For the case shown above, if the dimension marked c1 is chosen, n = 6 bolts.
If the dimension marked c1 (ALT) is chosen, n = 4 bolts.
For input into PIP STE05121 Anchor Bolt Design
Spreadsheet , available to PIP Members only.
c1 =As shown above
c2 = (D-AC)/2
Av = 1.5c1 D
Av (max) = n 4.5c12
n=6
Alternate
c1 (ALT) =As shown above
c2 (ALT) = (D-Cos(45)AC)/2
Av = 1.5c1(ALT) D
Av (max) = n 4.5(c1(ALT))2
n=4
Page A-7
PIP STE05121
Anchor Design Guide
January 2003
(h
ef /3
Ma
x.)
X
c1 or c 2
VERTICAL DOWELS
EDGE
DIST.
(Centerline of Anchor Bolt to Centerline of Dowel = (W /2 + X + (d /2))
rb
h
PLAN
db
(min.)
(min.)
do
ld
ds
ld
hef
ha
T.O. CONC.
1.5
1
Wh
X
(hef /3 max.)
DOWEL
TO MAT
SECTION
Required Anchor Embedment, hef = l + C + (X + d /2) /1.5
d
b
Page A-8
PIP STE05121
Anchor Design Guide
January 2003
HAIRPIN
REINFORCEMENT
X
(hef /3 max.)
PLAN
T.O. CONC.
l dh
(min.)
(min.)
do
Wh
X
(hef /3 max.)
1.5
ld
h ef
HAIRPIN
REINFORCEMENT
SECTION
Page A-9
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
ld
EDGE DISTANCE
5 do (min.)
FACE OF
CONCRETE
ANCHOR
HAIRPIN
REINFORCEMENT
PLAN
EDGE DISTANCE
5 do (min.)
ld
ANCHOR
MINIMUM
COVER
SHEAR DIRECTION
HAIRPIN
REINFORCEMENT
SECTION
Page A-10
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
EDGE DISTANCE
5 do (min.)
FACE OF
CONCRETE
180 DEG.
STD. HOOK
DIMENSION
WEAK
ANCHOR
STRONG
ANCHOR
HAIRPIN
REINFORCEMENT
EDGE DISTANCE
5 do (min.)
FACE OF
CONCRETE
180 DEG.
STD. HOOK
DIMENSION
PLAN
WEAK
ANCHOR
STRONG
ANCHOR
CLOSED TIE
REINFORCEMENT
EDGE DISTANCE
5 do (min.)
SHEAR DIRECTION
ANCHOR
ANCHOR
MINIMUM
PLAN
CLOSED TIE
REINFORCEMENT
SECTION
Page A-11
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
SHEAR DIRECTION
SHEAR DIRECTION
ANCHOR
ANCHOR
ld
ld
ANCHOR
ANGLE
1.5
l
d
ANCHOR
PLATE
1.5
ANCHORED
REINFORCEMENT
LINE AT SURFACE OF
HALF-PYRAMID INTERSECTING
HAIRPIN
SECTION
EDGE
DIST.
ANCHOR
FACE OF
CONCRETE
ld
ANCHORED
REINFORCEMENT
ANCHORED
REINFORCEMENT
ANCHORED
REINFORCEMENT
(ALTERNATE)
LINE AT SURFACE OF
HALF-PYRAMID INTERSECTING
HAIRPIN
SECTION
ld = development length of reinforcement
z = vertical hairpin concrete cover + 0.5d b
FAILURE HALF-PYRAMID
1.5
LINE AT SURFACE OF
HALF-PYRAMID INTERSECTING HAIRPIN
PLAN
Note:
1. See Table 2 for rebar capacities.
2. Anchor plate or anchor angle must be designed for load from anchor.
3. Taking ld from centerline of bolt is conservative.
Page A-12
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
EDGE DISTANCE
5do (min.)
ANCHOR
FACE OF
CONCRETE
FAILURE
HALF-TRUNCATED
PYRAMID
PLAN
SHEAR DIRECTION
EDGE DISTANCE
5d (min.)
o
ANCHOR
TACK WELD
FAILURE
HALF-TRUNCATED
PYRAMID
SECTION
NOTE: DEDUCT AREA OF THE BEARING SURFACE OF
SHEAR ANGLE IN CALCULATING A p (THE PROJECTION
OF THE FAILURE HALF-TRUNCATED PYRAMID).
Page A-13
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
VERTICAL
REBAR
TIE
T2
C1
ANCHOR
BOLT
T1
25
M I N.
T1
C1
25
M I N.
T3
NOTES:
1. C1 AND C2 ARE COMPRESSION
FORCES.
2. T1 , T2, AND T3 ARE TENSION
FORCES.
3. ACTUAL FORCES WILL VARY
WITH GEOMETRY.
Page A-14
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
4"
1 1/2"
Page A-15
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
CONCRETE
SURFACE
GROUT
= 0.90
CONCRETE
SURFACE
GROUT
= 0.70
GROUT
CONCRETE
SURFACE
= 0.55
Page A-16
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
Notes:
GROUT
TOP NUT
WASHER
ANCHOR ROD
PIPE SLEEVE
do
FDN.
NUT 1
NUT 2
NUT 3
4d o+ T
ANCHOR
PLATE
DUCT TAPE
1. Materials:
ANCHOR
ROD
NOMINAL
PIPE SLEEVE
ANCHOR PLATE
DIMENSIONS
ANCHOR PLATE
THICKNESS (T)
(in.)
(in.)
(in.)
(in.)
3/4
1-1/2
2 1/2 x 2 1/2
5/8
7/8
3x3
7/8
3x3
7/8
1-1/8
2-1/2
3 1/2 x 3 1/2
1-1/4
2-1/2
3 1/2 x 3 1/2
1-1/2
4 1/2 x 4 1/2
1 1/4
1-3/4
3-1/2
5x5
1 1/2
5 1/2 x 5 1/2
1 3/4
2-1/4
6 1/2 x 6 1/2
2-1/2
7x7
2 1/4
2-3/4
7x7
2 1/4
8x8
2 1/2
Page A-17
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
1
12
5
9
10
TIGHTENING
SEQUENCE
EQUIPMENT
11
2
EQUIPMENT
Page A-18
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
Mu
Vu
8"
11"
x
P
X = 2.67
(Refer to Blodgett - Design of Welded Structures - Figure 17 [Similar].)
Note: Other theorys for determining "X" are equally valid.
By trial and error using the Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet , available to PIP Member
Companies only, the following is determined. (This takes only a few minutes.)
Nom. Anchor Diameter = 1 3/4" Anchor Embedment = 21" (12 anchor diameters)
Pedestal Size = 6' 4" x 5' 2" (c 1 = 30", c2 = 28", c3 = 46", c4 = 28", s2 = 6", s1 = 0")
(Because only two bolts resist tension, s 1 must be input as 0".)
The Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet input and output sheets are attached for this condition.
This is a very large pedestal. If a smaller pedestal is required or desired, supplementary
tensile reinforcing can be used to resist the load. See Example 2.
Page A-19
January 03
PIP STE05121
PIP
Company
Project
Name
Date
Checked by
Check Date
12/12/2002
LOADING CONDITIONS
Ductility required?
perpendicular to edge
116
3000
Cracking
modification
factor, 7
1.4 - Located in region where there isn't cracking at service loads (ft < fr)
No
1 3/4
No
no
200
An=
3813
No
no
1.5c1
1.5c1
35
Av =
2000
Av=
2790
VU (perpendicular)
VU (parallel)
TENSION
Edge Distance, in.
c1 = 30.0
c3 =
c2 = 28.0
c4 =
SHEAR
Spacing, in.
46.0
s1 =
28.0
s2 =
0.0
c1 =
30.0
6.0
c2 =
28.0
c4 =
28.0
c1
Nn = 117.3 kips
>=
Nu
Spacing, in.
s2 =
6.0
c1 s1 c3
c2 s2 c4
c1
NU
(0=single anchor)
An =
VU
h or 1.5c1
No
No
A36, Fu = 58
hef
Shear
No
1.5hef
No
Yes
Tension
Section 9.2
35o
Total Sheets
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
1.5hef
Sheet Number
c2 s2 c4
Subject
VU
c1
c4
s2
c2
RESULTS
= 116.0 kips
ANCHOR OK !
117.29
Page A-20
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet
January 2003
Output
PIP
Company
1 of 1
Sheet
Project
Subject
Date 12/12/2002
Name
Checked by
Check Date
BOLT PARAMETERS
Grade
Size
do
A36, Fu = 58
1 3/4 in.
1.750 in.
LOAD CONDITIONS
LOAD FACTORS
TENSILE LOAD, Nu
SHEAR LOAD, Vu
fy
fut
Ase
Ab
36 ksi hef
58 ksi n(tension)
1.900 sq. in. n(shear)
4.144 sq. in.
21.00 in.
2
4
REINFORCEMENT
Section 9.2 ADEQUATE REINF NOT PROVIDED TO RESIST TENSION
116.0 kips ADEQUATE REINF NOT PROVIDED TO RESIST SHEAR
0.0 kips
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
DUCTILITY NOT REQD IN TENSION
DUCTILITY NOT REQD FOR SHEAR
LOW SEISMIC RISK
eN' = 0.00 in.
ECCENTRICITIES
DESIGN FOR TENSION
3000 psi
1.4
STEEL STRENGTH
CONCRETE BREAKOUT
STRENGTH OF
ANCHOR(S)
Ncb or Ncbg
167.6 kips
nNpn
278.5 kips
Nsb or Nsbg
(governing)
NA
PULLOUT STRENGTH
OF ANCHOR(S)
CONCRETE SIDE-FACE
BLOWOUT STRENGTH
OF HEADED ANCHOR(S)
220.4 kips
c1
TENSION
30.00 in.
SHEAR
30.00 in.
c2
28.00 in.
28.00 in.
c3
46.00 in.
c4
28.00 in.
s1
0.00 in.
s2
6.00 in.
An or Av
211.6 kips
CONCRETE BREAKOUT
STRENGTH OF ANCHOR,
Perpendicular to edge
Vcb or Vcbg
108.0 kips
Vcp
335.1 kips
CONCRETE PRYOUT
STRENGTH OF ANCHOR
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
TENSION
Steel Capacity
Concrete Capacity
165.3 kips
117.3 kips
SHEAR
Steel Capacity
28.00 in.
6.00 in.
Vs
STEEL STRENGTH
Calculated
137.5 kips
Concrete Capacity
75.6 kips
117.3 kips
= Vn
>= Vu = 0.0 kips
75.6 kips
*
*
Nu/(Nn ) + Vu/(Vn ) =
0.99 + 0.00 <= 1.2
OK
*Multiplied by 0.75 if intermediate or high seismic area
Page
Page A-21
January 2003
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet
Calculations
Selected Bolt:
do = 1.750 in.
1 3/4 in.
Ase = 1.900 sq. in.
Abrg = 4.144 sq. in.
A36, Fu = 58
fy = 36 ksi
fut = 58 ksi
No. of Bolts
nt(tension) = 2
nv(shear) = 4
Note: Figures in parenthesis and in red refer to equations or paragraphs in ACI 318-02 , Appendix D.
Ns = nAsefut (fut < 1.9fy and fut < 125 ksi) = 220.4 kips
(D-3)
(D-7 or D-8)
(D-4 or D-5)
(D-13)
(D-12)
c2/c = 0.93
<=3
Nsb (modified) = NA
(D.6.2.4)
(D.5.2.3)
(D-9)
Nb = 129.1 kips
(D.5.2.6)
Ncb or Ncbg = (AN/ANo)123Nb = 167.6 kips
(D-6)
(D.5.4.1)
Page A-22
January 2003
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Spreadsheet
Calculations
(D-23)
(D-25)
6 = [0.7+0.3(c2/(1.5c1) if c2 < 1.5c1, 1.0 if c2 >= 1.5c1] = 0.887
7 = 1.4
(D.6.2.7)
(D-20 or D-21)
(D-20 or D-21)
<------- Applies
<-------- NA
(D-4)
(D-28)
Summary of Results:
for concrete = 0.70
for steel = 0.75
Tension:
(D.4.4)
Steel capacity = Nn[*0.75 if inter. or high seismic risk] = 165.3 kips
(D.3.3)
Concrete capacity = Nn[*0.75 if inter. or high seismic risk] = 117.3 kips
(D.3.3)
Governing mode of concrete failure: Concrete breakout strength of anchor in tension
for concrete = 0.70
for steel = 0.65
(D.4.4)
Steel capacity = Vn[*0.75 if inter. or high seismic risk] = 137.5 kips
Conc. capacity = Vn[*0.75 if inter. or high seismic risk] = 75.6 kips
Governing mode of concrete failure: Concrete breakout strength of anchor in shear
Ductility?
Tension
Shear
Shear:
(D.3.3)
(D.3.3)
(D.7)
Vn = 75.6 kips
0.2Vn = 15.1 kips
Vu = 0.0 kips
Vu/(Vn) = 0.00
117.29
OK
Sheet 2 of 2
Page A-23
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
Per Example 1:
l or ldh*
d
#8 HAIRPIN
(TYP.)
2'-0"
HAIRPIN
(TYP.)
6"
(TYP.)
1.5
1
6"
ANCHOR
(TYP.)
3" 3"
hef = 21"
C = 2" CLEAR
Final Design
1'-4"
2'-6"
ELEVATION
* USE l IF HOOK IS ADDED
dh
AT BOTTOM OF HAIRPIN
PLAN
(NOTE: OTHER REINF. NOT
SHOWN FOR CLARITY)
Page A-24
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
PLAN
Vu = 40 K (ULTIMATE)
SECTION
Page A-25
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
Height of plate = H = A req / W + G = 16.67 in. /12 in. + 1 in. = 2.39 in.
Use 3 in.
Vcb = AV*4*f*[fc] 0.5 = 303 * 4 * 0.85 * [3000] 0.5 = 56400 lb = 56.4 kips > 27.3 kips
OK
Page A-26
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
PLAN
SECTION
Page A-27
PIP STE05121
Anchor Bolt Design Guide
January 2003
Based on base plate size, assume the pipe diameter will be 8-in. nominal std. weight pipe.
D = 8.625 in., t = 0.322 in., S = 16.81 in.3
2
Height of pipe = H = Areq / D + G = 16.67 in. / 8.625 in. + 1 in. = 2.93 in.
OK
Check
Vn = 0.6 Fy p(D2 (D-2t)2)/4 = 0.6* 36 ksi * p* ( 8.6252 (8.625 2*0.322)2 ) in.2 / 4
= 181.4 kips
fv = 0.9
fv Vn = (0.9)*(181.4 kips) = 163.2 kips > 27.6 kips
OK
This 3.5-in.-long x 8-in.-diameter nominal std. weight pipe will be sufficient to carry the applied shear
load and resulting moment.
Check failure plane of pedestal:
Distance from edge of pipe to edge of concrete = (24 8.625) / 2 = 7.69 in.
Av = 24*(2.5 + 7.69) 8.62*2.5 = 223 in.2
Vcb = Av*4*f*[fc]0.5 = 223 * 4 * 0.85 * [3000]0.5 = 41500 lb = 41.5 kips > 27.3 kips
OK
Page A-28