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IE2150Week4
Feb672012
b
VisualEnvironment:
MeasurementandDesign
TanKayChuan
Tan
Kay Chuan
DeptofISE,NUS

ThePhysicsofLight
LightIntensity
Luminance
Luminance lightsource
light source
Illumination lightarrivingatasurface
Reflection

Direction
Shadows

Color
Refraction
ChromaticCharts

Naturallight(sunlight,fire),artificiallight(tungsten,
fluorescent,mercury,sodium,argon,neon,etc)

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colour - chromatic (exact specification - define RGB)

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Additive color mixing

Subtractive color mixing

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retro-reflection
(light bounces back)

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RetroreflectiveMarkings

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TheHumanVisualSystem
Variouspartsofthehumaneye

Lens
Fovea
Retina
Cornea
Vitreoushumor,aquos humor
Visualaxis,opticaxis
Iris
Ciliary muscle

Overlappingvisualfields,blindspot,stereoscopicvision
Rodsandconesdistribution
Rods,130mil,mostlyatperiphery,achromatic(night)vision
Cones,7mil,mostlyatfovea,chromatic(color)vision

Eyesight best at 5(yrs old) - see as close as 5cm

Start degrading at ~40-50yrs old

deficiency in salt causes blindness

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stereoscopic vision

Cannot see moving objects in the periphery

Can only see dynamic objects in the overlap

~18deg off center

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- you focus using the fovea

cones concentrated within +/- 15deg (eyes shift during the day time)
rods for vision at night (don't focus on the object you want to observe)

5cm x 5cm: 130 mil cones, 7 mil rods (60Hz)

- dont design on the basis of color alone for night use,

because people cannot differentiate between colours

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Purkinje shift

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HumanVisualAbilities

Accommodation
Definition
Myopia(nearsightedness)
Hyperopia(farsightedness)
Accommodationrate(max,23Hz)
Convergence
Definition:accommodate 1eye,converge 2eyes
Phoria
Visualacuity
Minimumseparableacuity
Vernier acuity
Minimumperceptibleacuity
Minimum perceptible acuity
Stereoscopicacuity
Dynamicvisualacuity
Darkaccommodation
Pupilsizechanges(2.3 8.3mm)
Timerequired:
Lighttodark,30mins
Darktolight,2mins

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Normal

elongated
myopia

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ConditionsAffectingVisualDiscrimination
Luminancecontrastvs targetsize
Withlowcontrastrequirelargetargetsizeandviceversa

Effectsofvisualflicker
Criticalflickerfusion,about60Hz
Usedtotestvisualfatigue

Illuminationlevel
Effectsofreflectance
Effectsofdirectandindirectglare
Dynamicvisualacuity
Perceptionvs seeing

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Now, you don't need 20/20 to fly an F-16

YOUNG Singaporeans who dreamed of becoming fighter pilots once
prayed that they would score 20/20 in the crucial eyesight test. They
knew if they were found to be even mildly shortsighted, they were
out. But, now, mildly shortsighted youths with aspirations to be
Republic of Singapore Air Force fighter pilots may stand a chance. If
their vision is 150 degrees
g
or better,, theyy will pprobablyy clear this
hurdle for careers as fighter-aircraft or helicopter pilots. If they have
myopia of 300 degrees or better, they can become transport-aircraft
pilots.
From: http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/primenews/story/0,1870,43788,00.html?

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The Straits Times, 28 December 2010

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The issue of myopia is tied to the issue of how humans

interact with technological displays

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how humans use/deal with technology - and understand its impact on us (+/- ve)

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Are the circles rotating?

Yes, to the left

Yes, to the right
No

LightingEffectsonHumanPerformance

Measurement
Type of task effect
Typeoftaskeffect
Ageeffect
Poorlightingcausesvisualfatigue,loss
productivity,lowerworkquality,more
mistakes increased accident rate more
mistakes,increasedaccidentrate,more
visualcomplaints

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Vertical and horizontal visual fields (MIL-STD 1472F)

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