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International Journal of Information and Computer Science (IJICS) Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2013
Introduction
One of the most promising new devices based on new
nanoscale physics is the single-electron transistor
SET. A SET has an extremely small quantum dot in
the channel. The number of electrons in the dot is
precisely controlled by the Coulomb blockade, and a
SET shows unique oscillatory I-V characteristics that
are expected to have new functionalities. A great deal
of research has been done on the realization of memory
devices based on the single electron tunneling
phenomena. A single electron memory SEM should
work with a reasonable bit error rate which has low
power, scalability to the sub-nanometer regime and
extremely high charge sensitivity.Several other
applications of analog single-electron devices in unique
scientic instrumentation and metrology seem quite
feasible because the prospect of silicon transistors
being replaced by single-electron devices in integrated
digital circuits, faces tough challenges and remains
uncertain.
International Journal of Information and Computer Science (IJICS) Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2013
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E j
1 exp(
E j
kT
(4)
dP( N , V )
= P( N 1, V ) 1+ ( N 1, V ) + 2 ( N 1, V )
dt
+ P ( N + 1, V ) 1 ( N + 1, V ) + +2 ( N + 1, V )
(5)
P( N ,V ) 1+ ( N ,V ) + 1 ( N ,V ) + 2+ ( N ,V ) + 2 ( N ,V )
P(i, V )
=i N0 N
N = N0
N +1
Y ( N ,V )
N0 +N
P (i, V )
i
N
N
=
X ( N ,V ) 0
i = N0
N
N 0 N N < N 0
=i N 0 1
=
QG CG (VG V1 )
(1)
V1 = C1 + C2
V = Q + C1V
2 C1 + C2
C
(Q q ) 2
Q2
q 2 V
2Ctot
2Ctot
Ctot
E2 (V=
)
C
(Q q ) 2
Q2
q 1 V
2Ctot
2Ctot
Ctot
i = N0
N
Y ( N , V ) =i
N 0 +N
N 0 N
P (i, V )
(3)
N 0 < N N 0 + N
N < N 0 N
N > N 0 + N
N 0 +N
=i N 0 +N
N 0 +N
=i N 0 +N
(2)
=i N 0 +1
I 2 (V ) q
=
E1 (V=
)
(6)
N 1
X ( N ,V )
1)
(7)
Transfer Function
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International Journal of Information and Computer Science (IJICS) Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2013
10
Neural Network
The Neural Biological Model
Neurons are basic signaling units of the nervous
system of a living organism in which each neuron is a
discrete cell whose several processes are derived from
its cell body.
The human brain contains more than a billion of
neuron cells, and each cell works like a simple
processor. The massive interaction between all cells
and their parallel processing only makes the brains
abilities possible.
The biological neuron has four main regions to its
structure fig.3: The cell body or soma, the dendrites,
the axon and synapses.
The cell body is the heart of the cell. It contains the
nucleolus and maintains protein synthesis. Dendrites
which receive signals from other neurons, a single
neuron usually has one axon, whose main function is
to conduct electrical signals generated at the axon
hillock down its length.
These signals are called action potentials. The other
end of the axon may split into several branches, which
end in a pre-synaptic terminal. The electrical signals
what the neurons use to convey the information of the
brain are all identical.
The brain analyzes all patterns of sent signals, and
from that information it interprets the type of received
information. The synapse is the area of contact
between two neurons. They do not physically touch
because they are separated by a cleft. The electric
signals are sent through chemical interaction. The
neuron sending the signal is called pre-synaptic cell
and the neuron receiving the electrical signal is called
postsynaptic cell.
The electrical signals are generated by the membrane
potential which is based on differences in
International Journal of Information and Computer Science (IJICS) Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2013
www.iji-cs.org/
S = wi xi
(8)
i =1
The activation function, that applies a nonlinear threshold function to the adder output to
decide if the neuron fires or not. This function is
usually a sigmoid function.
The output element that produces
distributes the corresponding output.
and
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International Journal of Information and Computer Science (IJICS) Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2013
(8)
12
International Journal of Information and Computer Science (IJICS) Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2013
www.iji-cs.org/
SIMON Simulations
In this section, we are going to take electric schema of
the neuron based on SET described in the previews
section and try to investigate the relation between the
devices geometric parameters and the single-charging
effects in the electrical characteristics. A simplified
electrical model is shown in the following figure
(Fig.11)
The shape of control signals (the inputs) is very
important to observe the charge evolution Q versus
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International Journal of Information and Computer Science (IJICS) Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2013
Conclusion
In this paper a model for SET devices has been
reported, MATLAB simulations are then successfully
performed for different parameters. The model is able
to describe the Ids -Vgs and IdsVds characteristics.
Besides, we have explained the principal of the
operation of a single electron memory using a design
of a 3-island based neuron circuit which has been
presented and simulated by the SIMON tool.
REFERENCES
Bajpai, S., Jain, K. et Jain, N., Artificial Neural Networks,
International
Journal
of
Soft
Computing
and
at
Room
Temperature,
Journal
of
components .
PhD,
Monastir
T.,
Integration
of
silicon
Single-Electron
International Journal of Information and Computer Science (IJICS) Volume 2 Issue 1, January 2013
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K.,
Single-Electron
Devices
and
Their
APRIL 1999.
http://www.neuralpower.com/technology.htm
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