International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882

Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016

DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A COMPACT MICROSTRIP-LINE FEED

MULTIBAND NOTCH ANTENNA FOR DUAL BAND APPLICATION
Sneha V. Ghadiya1*, Anuj M. Patel2
Post graduate scholar, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382424
2
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Saraswati College of Engineering & Technology,
Rajpur, Kadi, Gujarat- 382715
1

Abstract
A compact multiband notch antenna for Dual-band (C-band and X-band) is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna,
with compact size of 24.533 mm2, yields an impedance bandwidth of 2-12 GHz for VSWR < 2, except the notched
bands.
The notched bands are realized by introducing two different types of slots. The U shaped slot from patch, the antenna
shows good suppression at 3.5 GHz at Wi-Max band. Etching of inverted U shape slot at the ground plane create a notch
at 5.4 GHz at WLAN band and etching a curved shaped slot at the patch, the antenna shows good suppression at 6.8 GHz
at Radio-frequency identification (RFID). The parametric study is conceded out to understand the mutual coupling.
Surface current distributions and equivalent circuit are used to demonstrate the notched mechanism. The performance of
this antenna by simulation indicates that the proposed antenna is appropriate and a good contender for Dual-Band
applications (C- and X-band).

I.

INTRODUCTION

In modern scenario, due to development and expansion of wireless communications increases the demand of operating
frequency bands and which have made radio spectrum congested. The congested radio spectrum leads overlapping of
different radio systems because of their standard frequency band allocations [1].
Since last decade, researchers and antenna designers have made remarkable effort to design and achieve novel Dual-Band
(C-band and X-band) antennas with different bands-notched characteristics. Several antennas are designed with different
notched band, size, shapes and different operating frequency. Many types of slots were etched from radiator or ground to
obtain such notched bands characteristics [1-5].
The wide frequency range of dual band [C band (4-8 GHz) and X band( 8- 12GHz)] and the ultra-wideband (UWB)
systems which has frequency range between 3.1 and 10.6 GHz [5] will cause interference in the existing wireless
communication systems, for instance the wireless local area network (WLAN) for IEEE 802.11a operating in the 5.15
5.35 and the 5.7255.825 GHz bands, WiMAX operating in 3.33.6 GHz and C-band operating in 3.74.2GHz [6].
Therefore, the Dual-Band (C-band and X-band) antenna with single and multi band-stop performances is required for
inhibition of interferences. [1, 6, 7, 8]
Henceforth, we have designed and studied a compact microstrip line fed printed and modified monopole antenna with
triple notched band centered at 3.5 GHz, 5.4 GHz and 6.8 GHz for Dual-Band(C-band and X-band) applications. The
radiator patch and ground planes were designed and mansions were parameterized to cover Dual-Band, C-band (4GHz to
8GHz) and X-band(8 GHz to 12 GHz) and entire UWB from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz with VSWR< 2 for whole band except
notch band. The notched bands were achieved using curved shape slot and U-shape slot at patch and inverted U shape slot
at the ground plane.

II.

ANTENNA DESIGN AND CONFIGURATION

The design of proposed antenna is depicted in Fig. 1 and different parameters are shown in Table 1. Simulation was
performed by using software Ansoft HFSS.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016

Designed antenna was printed on FR4 substrate with compact size of 24.5mm33 mm and thickness of 1 mm with
relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and loss tangent() 0.02. It is composed of 50 microstrip feed line, U-shape radiating
patch, simple rectangular ground plane and three slots at patch and one at ground plane. Design of this antenna is
compact in size and cover dual band C band (4GHz to 8 GHz) and X band (8 GHz to 8GHz) and whole Ultra Wide Band
(3.1GHz to 10.6GHz) .

Fig.1 structure of proposed antenna (top view)

Table 1: Final dimensions of the designed antenna
Antenna parameters

R1

R2

R3

R4

sp1

Ws1

Ws2

Dimensions in mm

33

24.5

6.6

8.5

10.2

3.8

0.5

0.2

Antenna parameters

Lf

Wf

pl1

pw1

al1

aw1

Gl1

Gw1

Dimensions in mm

12.9

1.5

6.2

13.2

12.7

20

Antenna parameters

Gl2

Gw2

Gl3

Gw3

Cl1

Cl2

Cl3

Ws3

Height of
substrate

Dimensions in mm

3.5

1.5

1.2

0.2

The structure of designed antenna is derived by using digression of circular monopole antenna and as current is mainly
concentrated along circumference of circular monopole antenna. Hence, inner portion of the circular monopole can be
removed with slight effect on impedance bandwidth or radiation characteristics. Initial design was followed by placing
half circular patch on the substrate of radius (R4-R1) and then optimization was performed to achieve desired response,
then after rectangular strip of 6.2mm 8 mm is placed on both side of half circular patch, which result an U-shape
antenna. The microstrip feed line with the size of 12.9mm1.5 mm was used to feed the patch.
The ground plane structure is shown in Fig 2. For printing the ground plane structure a rectangle of 12.7mm 20.4mm is
generated with two rectangular notches created at both corner with size of 2mm1.5 mm.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016

Fig.2. Structure of proposed antenna (Bottom view)

Calculation of length of slot
The equation for the slot length is
=

Where,
C = velocity of light,
fnotch = notch frequency,
eff = Effective permittivity,
=

+ 1
2

= Dielectric constant
For proposed design
1) For U shape slot
1 = 2 + 21
1 =

2 1

2) For inverted U shape slot

= 1 + 2 + 3
2 =

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016

3) For Curved shape slot

2 = 3 2
Where x= 6.745
3 =

2 2

First notch band can be achieved by etching slot 1( U shape slot) size (width = 0.5mm and length =28.324mm) and
second notch band is achieved by defected ground slot 3 ( inverted U shape slot at the ground plane) Size ( length =8mm
+1.2mm + 8mm and width = 0.2 mm). Third notch band can be achieved by slot 2 size (curved shape slot) (width =
0.2mm and length = 13.2 mm)

III.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Effect of various slots

The multi band notche characteristics can be achieved by using slot S1 (U shape slot) , S2 (curved shape slot) and dgs
(Inverted C shape slot at the ground plane). Two L shape slots are eatched at two side of the patch which provides
additional resonance along with increase in impedance bandwidth.
Fig. 3 shows the return loss due to three different slot which is eatched at patch as well as ground structure of the antenna.
As shown in Fig. 3 notched antenna give return loss less than-10dB except the notch band. Also give improved and desire
performance in Dual-Band (C-band and X-band). These results show that the antenna exhibits satisfactory performance to
fulfil the required specifications.

Fig. 3 Return loss due to slot 1, slot 2 and ground slot 3(dgs)
Parametric study
The proposed multiband notch antenna is designed and parameterized by selecting finest and preeminent values of various
parameters. In this parametric study the optimal value of each parameter was chosen and remaining parameters we
optimized by fixing it. The parametric study was performed by using ANsoft HFSS and simulation results were obtained.
Impedance bandwidth can be easily achieved, which is due to the gradual change structure[4].
In parametric study the results was obtained by changing one parameter like length and width of slots at a time and
observes the return loss (Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6).

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016

Fig. 4 varying parameter Sp1.

Fig. 5 Varying width of slot 1 (ws1)

Fig. 6 Varying width of slot 2 (ws2)

Fig.7 Varying width of slot 3 (ws3)

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016

First comparison is carried out by changing parameter sp1. This comparison clearly shown that the return loss curve is
improved when sp1= 3.8mm as shown in Fig. 4 At second, the widths of slot s1 and s2 of this asymmetric structure were
optimized to achieve best result. Fairly good impedance matching was achieved by using 50 ohm microstrip feed. It is
observed that, as the width of the slot increases, its peak rejection goes higher and notched band goes wider (From Fig. 5,
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7). The preeminent values for width of slot 1 and slot 2 is ws1= 0.5 mm and ws2= 0.2mm & ws3=0.2mm
derived from above return loss curve.
Return loss
Return loss graph shows wide band coverage 2 GHz to 12 GHz. From the curve it is observed that the return loss less is
than -10 dB for the band 3.6 to 4GHz for S band, 5.8 to 6.4 GHz for C band and from 7.2 to 12 GHz for X band. So
designed antenna achieve good performance for dual band(C band and X band).
XY Plot 1

HFSSDesign3

0.00

ANSOFT

Curve Info
dB(S(p1,p1))
Setup1 : Sw eep

dB(S(p1,p1))

-12.50

-25.00

-37.50
2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Freq [GHz]

Fig. 8 Return loss

Table 2: Resonance dip
Frequency
6.2 GHz
7.6GHz
9.8GHz
11.3GHz

Return loss
-13.2 dB
-17.49dB
-21.25dB
-35dB

VSWR
Simulated VSWR of designed antenna is shown in Fig. 9. The acceptable VSWR should be <2 except three notch band
[2]. First notch band was created between frequencies of 3.3 GHz to 3.7 GHz by slot S1 with center frequency of 3.5
GHz. Second notch band was created between frequencies of 5 GHz to 5.8 GHz by ground slot 3 with center frequency of
5.4 GHz. And third notch band is obtained between frequencies of 6.5 GHz to 7.1 GHz by slot S2 with center frequency
of 6.7 GHz, Which can eliminate the C-band and X-band interference with WiMAX, WLAN and RFID band system. This
antenna is also suitable with dual band (C band and X band) range.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016
XY Plot 2

HFSSDesign3

4.50

ANSOFT

Curve Info
VSWR(p1)
Setup1 : Sw eep

4.00

3.50

VSWR(p1)

3.00

2.50

2.00

1.50

1.00
2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Freq [GHz]

Fig. 9 VSWR for tri band notch antenna

Surface current distribution
Further we evaluated the band notch characteristics, the surface current distributions of designed antenna at three different
frequencies have been simulated which is shown in Fig 10. Current density is showed formation of standing waves around
slots at respective band notches. At frequency of 3.5 GHz, current density was maximum around U type slot etched from
the radiator patch. Again, at 5.4 GHZ it was observed that the current was concentrated around the inverted U shape slot
at ground planes and at 6.8 GHz current is maximum around the curved shaped slot in radiating patch. Thus, at notched
frequency the current is concentrated around closed slats and which restrict flow of current towards the radiator patch.
This leads to impedance mismatch at the rejected frequencies due to less or no radiation at the notched frequencies.

(a) The first notch band at 3.5 GHz

(B) The second notch band at 5.4 GHz

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016

(C) Fig. The third notch band at 6.8 GHz

Fig 10. Surface current distribution
Radiation pattern

(B) E plane

(A) H plane

Fig. 11 Radiation pattern of proposed antenna at 2.5 GHz

(a)

H -plane

(b) E-plane
Fig.12 Radiation pattern of proposed antenna at 6.5 GHz
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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016

(a) H-plane

(b) E-plane

Fig. 13 Radiation pattern of proposed antenna at 9.5 GHz

Figure 11-13 shows the radiation pattern of the of H-plane and E-plane of the designed antenna at pass band frequency of
2.5 GHz, 6.5 GHz and 9.5 GHz. The results demonstrate that the radiation patterns exhibits a nearly omnidirectional in H
plane and bi-directional in E-plane radiation at lower frequency and slightly very at higher frequency.
Gain
6
y-axis gain dB

-6

11.2GHz

9.7GHz

10.3GHz

8 GHz

7GHz

7.6 GHz

6.8GHz

6.4GHz

6.2GHz

5.4 GHz

5 GHz

4.8 GHz

3.2GHz

-4

3.5 GHz

-2

2GHz

0
2.8 GHz

Gain dB

-8
-10

Fig.14 Gain vs. Frequency graph

The measured antenna gain versus the frequency is plotted in Fig.14. As results, significant gain decrease and has been
received at three intended notched bands of 3.5, 5.4, and 6.8 GHz. Outside the notched bands, appropriate gain of the
antenna also can be achieved. It noticeably indicates the effect of notched bands.

IV.

CONCLUSION

This research was proposed and analyzed a multiband notch antenna for dual band application. By etching a U shaped slot
from the patch, the antenna shows good suppression at 3.5 GHz at Wi-Max band. Etching of inverted C shape slot at the
ground plane create a notch at 5.4 GHz at WLAN band and etching a C shape notch at the patch, the antenna shows good
suppression at 6.8 GHz at RFID band. The size of the antenna is compact and it shows omnidirectional characteristics,
thus meeting the challenges of the Dual-Band (C-band and X-band) antenna.

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2016

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