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1. Philosophy is a social science, highest, but not for the reasons you said. Highest because it
considers all that has every been done in science and involves a structured debate about all
major subjects. The ultimate question is Why, to which the answer is "We don't know, but we want
to know and we're going to find out". So after Anaexander of Meltos wrote about the infinitely
dense mass that created the big bang we have the answer, but we look for other ideas and study
other opinions of creation, but the obvious one is turn to the bible.
Many nowadays would say that, contrarily, science is the highest form of philosophy. Philosophy,
they would say, lost its cachet with the advent of modern science. Gone are the dogma and
speculation of old: empirical inquiry and objective confirmation have been ushered in. Some
would seek to retain the validity of philosophy by claiming that philosophy is an extension of
science: it draws on science to pronounce on certain of the most general features of material
reality. See, for example, W.V. Quine on this. Still, thinkers of a less naturalistic bent would aver
for the superiority of philosophy over science.
Yes, but not for the reason you state.
Philosophy determines the epistemological criteria of all special sciences, without which science
would be lost. Epistemology is the "road map" of the logic used. You can't get there from here
without it.
Only after epistemological principles have allowed science to do its work can science be used to
alter or to uphold metaphysical doctrines.
Not just that. Scientists have, since long time ago, informally concurred on the concept that all
scientific enquiries ultimately lead to philosophical plane. Perhaps that is why the highest
qualification is also known as Ph.D, whatever the subject. All the knowledge revolves around and
within the human mind's level of perception, the deepest level being abstract concepts. That way
also, your question is aptly framed, excluding scope of ambiguous answers! And so, thanks for
that!
2. Being
For Aristotle, being is whatever is anything whatever. Whenever Aristotle
explains the meaning of being, he does so by explaining the sense of the
Greek verb to be. Being contains whatever items can be the subjects of true
propositions containing the word is, whether or not the is is followed by a
predicate. Thus, both Socrates is and Socrates is wise say something about
being. Every being in any category other than substance is a property or a
modification of substance. For this reason, Aristotle says that the study of
substance is the way to understand the nature of being. The books of
This site explores the importance of philosophy and presents many of the important
concepts and questions that must be considered. It will tell you how to base your
philosophy on reasonrather than randomness, which will lead to clarity, certainty,
success, and happiness. The alternative to an explicit rational philosophy is an
indifference that leads to confusion and often failure.
Philosophy is not some arcane field important only to old men in ivory towers. It
explicitly asks and answers fundamental, inescapable questions such as "How can I
know something?" and "What should I do?" Without some answer to these questions,
no knowledge or action is possible. Again, the only choice is to explicitly examine the
underlying assumptions involved or to be at the mercy of the random flotsam picked
up throughout life.
3. The Importance of Philosophy
4. What is Metaphysics?
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy responsible for the study of existence. It is
the foundation of a worldview. It answers the question "What is?" It encompasses
everything that exists, as well as the nature of existence itself. It says whether the
world is real, or merely an illusion. It is a fundamental view of the world around us.
this way, the civilizations of good will are in possession of the tools
to make (if possible) constructive use of evil, or to avoid it
altogether. All handlings with evil have to be from the side of
understanding, and true justice always gives the last word to
compassion.
Philosophical anthropology is the philosophical discipline that inquires into the
essence of human nature and the human condition. In making this inquiry it seeks to
unify or critique philosophically the diverse scientific methods and humanistic
approaches to answering the question of human nature.
Epistemology is the study of the nature and scope of knowledge and justified belief. It
analyzes the nature of knowledge and how it relates to similar notions such as truth,
belief and justification. It also deals with the means of production of knowledge, as well
as skepticism about different knowledge claims.
Ethics (or Moral Philosophy) is concerned with questions of how people ought to
act, and the search for a definition of right conduct (identified as the one causing the
greatest good) and the good life (in the sense of a life worth living or a life that is
satisfying or happy).
The word "ethics" is derived from the Greek "ethos" (meaning "custom" or "habit").
Ethics differs from morals and morality in that ethics denotes the theory of right action
and the greater good, while morals indicate their practice. Ethics is not limited to
specific acts and defined moral codes, but encompasses the whole of moral ideals and
behaviours, a person's philosophy of life (or Weltanschauung).
EXERCISE 2
1. It means we often are inhuman in our attitudes, thoughts and actions.
It could have to do with the behavior of human beings. Some humans do not act in a humane
way. Our thoughts of acting human does not include the acts of cruelty or inhumanity, but some
people do have these traits.
Another answer could be that if you believe in the theory of evolution. That humans have derived
from apes, then we as human beings have some traits that aren't unique to the human race.
2. What makes us Human? Excrescency that`s what I thought. That`s what give us an identity
or a signature look. That`s what make us and that`s what make us human. They say "Homer
sometimes nods" which is an erudite way of saying "Nobody`s Perfect" and I agree with that
and I think the whole world agrees with it. We have our own flaws and imperfections, it might
be physically, mentally or spiritually. Some of us hate it, some of us is dying to fix it, a few of
us is taking advantage of it, half of us does not care at all, and not all of us are proud and
flaunting it. Some people might call us "cracked in the ring" or of little value or use, some
might label us "diamond in the rough" one whose unrefined external appearance or
ungraceful behavior belies a good or gentle character and untapped potential. One might
entitle us "feet of clay" an unforeseen blemish in the character of a person. A lot of
individuals might call us a "mote in the eye" or a fault or imperfection observed in a person by
one who is guilty of something equally or more objectionable. Many might tell us that we`re
"a rift in the lute" a flaw or imperfection, particularly one that endangers the integrity of the
whole; the one rotten apple that spoils the whole barrel or some might classify us "rough
edges" our characteristics or manners indicating a lack of polish, refinement, or completion.
Mistakes and flaws that`s what make us imperfect and imperfections make us human.
For me truly human is the human who understand other people feelings and don't judge
other people because of single behaviours. The real human also need something more than
"food and drink". The other feed for him/her is art which is needed to feed the soul.
I think that our mistakes are what make us human. Our choices and decisions are what
define us as a species.
Humans bury their dead out of respect. When a human dies, we all
feel sad emotions if we felt a strong bond with that person. We often have
elaborate burial ceremonies to show respect for our dead. However,
animals rarely do such a thing. Only a few animals have been observed to
throw a few leaves on their dead. But animals do not routinely bury their
dead like us humans.
2.
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4.
Humans feel a sense of right and wrong and good and evil. We all
have a basic conscience. Animals kill and never think twice. They kill for
food, and they kill based on instincts. They do not stop to think about if
they have sinned. When a human murders another human, it is out of
evil pre-meditation. We know better, but we murder someone anyways.
That is a huge difference. Most animals kill purely to eat, or to defend
themselves.
5.
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7.
Humans and animals have a physical body. Humans and animals have a soul. Only humans have a spirit.
The voice of the spirit is our conscience, which can also decide against instinct or physical drives. Animals
cannot do this. Humans can base their decision on their free will, whereas animals adapt to nature and
their environment or to humans. Humans have to decide to either live in harmony with nature or not.
Animals do not make decisions about this, they just follow their instinct in that. Humans have the ability to
self-transcendent, so to live in devotion to a task, a person or God for example. Humans can even when
living in difficult circumstances, detach themselves from this situation with the defying power of the human
spirit. Humans are not controlled from their body and psychic condition, but can stand above suffering or
psychic or somatic conditions. Depending on ones own decision humans can always decide their own
attitude towards a situation, whereas animals do not have this capability. Added this later: The animal is
part of the world. The human being, however, is more then part of the world. We are co-creators.
similarities- both have to eat and drink to survive,
forms the backdrop for most of his work. For example, in his work in ethics and politics,
Aristotle identifies the highest good with intellectual virtue; that is, a moral person is one who
cultivates certain virtues based on reasoning. And in his work on psychology and the soul,
Aristotle distinguishes sense perception from reason, which unifies and interprets the sense
perceptions and is the source of all knowledge.
3.