EE 4183 Laboratory Practice VI

ADJUSTABLE SPEED INDUCTION MOTOR

DRIVES

Instructed by : Dr. D. P. Chandima

Group Members:

Name

: K.T.K Perera

M.G.K Pathirana

110409X

Index No

: 110422F

K.T.K Perera

110422F

Group

: G18

H.P.C.Sirithunge

110543C

Date of Performance : 04/08/2015

P.H.D.A.S.Srimal

110555N

Date of Submission : 18/08/2015

OBSERVATIONS

Name

: K.T.K Perera

Index No

: 110422F

Group

: G18

Date

: 04/08/2015

Instructed by : Dr. D. P. Chandima

Practical
b)

: Adjustable Speed Induction Motor Drives (PR-03)

Measurement of Speed Control Characteristics

Speed Input
Potentiometer

Vdc (V)

Vs (V)

Is (A)

Ws (W)

fs(Hz)

Nr(rpm)

Setting

Vs/fs
(V/Hz)

20

0.0

40

86.67

29.6

0.00

28

0.5

40

2.50

78

0.00

40

0.5

40

4.33

127

0.00

48

40

0.5

40

6.33

181

6.32

56

40

0.5

40

8.00

233

5.00

56

40

0.5

40

10.00

286

4.00

52

40

0.5

40

12.67

357

3.16

92

72

0.5

80

23.67

602

3.04

160

124

1.0

140

41.00

1152

3.02

10

200

152

1.0

180

50.83

1485

3.00

c)

Measurement of Speed control Characteristics with Voltage Control

Voltage Feedback

Potentiometer Setting

Vs (V)

Vdc (V)

Nr(rpm)

Is (A)

Ws (W)

88

112

729.0

0.50

60

108

126

733.8

0.50

60

124

156

736.8

0.75

60

140

170

738.6

1.00

80

156

186

739.8

1.10

100

168

212

740.2

1.30

100

164

232

741.3

1.60

120

d)

Observed Motor Input Waveform

(b).

Measurement of Speed Control Characteristics

i.

Rotor Speed (Nr) vs. Inverter Frequency (fs)

Inverter Frequency

Rotor Speed (rpm)

(Hz)
86.67

29.6

2.50

78

4.33

127

6.33

181

8.00

233

10.00

286

12.67

357

23.67

602

41.00

1152

50.83

1485

Rotor Speed vs. Inverter Frequency Graph

1600

1500

1400

1300

1200

1100

Rotor Speed (rpm)

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0
0

10

20

30

40

Inverter Frequency (Hz)

50

60

ii.

Ratio Between Inverter Output Voltage and Inverter Frequency (Vs/fs) vs.Inverter
Frequency (fs)
Inverter Frequency

Vs/fs Ratio (V/Hz)

(Hz)
86.67

0.00

2.50

0.00

4.33

0.00

6.33

6.32

8.00

5.00

10.00

4.00

12.67

3.16

23.67

3.04

41.00

3.02

50.83

3.00

Ratio Between Inverter Output Voltage and

Inverter Frequency vs. Inverter Frequency Graph
7

Vs/fs Ratio (V/Hz)

0
0

-1

10

20

30

40

Inverter Frequency (Hz)

50

60

iii.

Inverter Output Current (Is) vs.Inverter Frequency (fs)

Inverter Frequency

Inverter Output Current

(Hz)

(A)

86.67

0.0

2.50

0.5

4.33

0.5

6.33

0.5

8.00

0.5

10.00

0.5

12.67

0.5

23.67

0.5

41.00

1.0

50.83

1.0

Inverter Output Current vs. Inverter Frequency

Graph
1.1

0.9

0.8

Inverter Output Current (A)

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0

10

20

30

40

Inverter Frequency (Hz)

50

60

iv.

Inverter Output Power (Ws) vs.Inverter Frequency (fs)

Inverter Frequency

Inverter Output Power

(Hz)

(W)

86.67

40

2.50

40

4.33

40

6.33

40

8.00

40

10.00

40

12.67

40

23.67

80

41.00

140

50.83

180

Inverter Output Power vs. Inverter Frequency

Graph
200

180

160

Inverter Output Power (W)

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0

10

20

30

40

Inverter Frequency (Hz)

50

60

(c).

Measurement of Speed Control Characteristics with Voltage Control

i.

Rotor Speed (Nr) vs.Inverter Output Voltage (Vs)

Inverter Output

Rotor Speed (rpm)

Voltage (V)
88

729.0

108

733.8

124

736.8

140

738.6

156

739.8

168

740.2

164

741.3

Rotor Speed vs. Inverter Output Voltage Graph

744

743

742

741

740

739

738

Rotor Speed (rpm)

737

736

735

734

733

732

731

730

729

728

727

726
80

100

120

140

160

Inverter Output Voltage (V)

180

200

ii.

Inverter Output Current (Is) vs.Inverter Output Voltage (Vs)

Inverter Output

Inverter Output Current

Voltage (V)

(A)

88

0.50

108

0.50

124

0.75

140

1.00

156

1.10

168

1.30

164

1.60

Inverter Output Current vs. Inverter Output Voltage

Graph
1.8

1.6

Inverter Output Current (A)

1.4

1.2

0.8

0.6

0.4
80

100

120

140

160

Inverter Output Voltage (V)

180

200

iii.

Inverter Output Power (Ws) vs.Inverter Output Voltage (Vs)

Inverter Output

Inverter Output Power

Voltage (V)

(W)

88

60

108

60

124

60

140

80

156

100

168

100

164

120

Inverter Output Power vs. Inverter Output Voltage

Graph
130

120

110

Inverter Output Power (W)

100

90

80

70

60

50

40
80

90

100

110

120

130

140

150

Inverter Output Voltage (V)

160

170

180

DISCUSSION
1. What is the motive for keeping v/f constant with adjustable speed drives?
If flux increase and reach to the level where the saturation of the stator and rotor cores occurs,
the machine will draw a huge magnetization current. Therefore, it is important to control the level
of flux not to be increased when the rotor speed is increased by either voltage control or frequency
control.
Since the flux is proportional to the torque produced, it is important that flux level do not
decrease. If the flux level reduces it results low torque. Thus, it is understood that the flux should be
constant.

= + (1 + 1 )
= 4.44
(Assumption: voltage drop across R1 and X1 are negligible)
VE

So,

If frequency is increased while keeping the voltage at constant, decreases and results in
decreasing the torque produced and also if frequency is decreased while keeping the voltage at
constant, increases and results in saturation of the core and hence it will draw more magnetic
current. Therefore the motive of keeping V/f constant is to keep the flux produced at a constant
level.
2. Why not V is increased with f for speeds above the rated speed and how this affects the
motor torque.
Induction motors are designed to produce the rated speed whiling supplying rated voltage input
and rated frequency. Therefore when the motor reaches its rated speed, it has reached its rated
voltage. When the voltage is increased above the rated voltage the winding insulation may be got
damaged. Therefore the voltage isnt increased beyond the rated speed. Therefore the speed more
than the rated speed, the voltage becomes a constant and flux inversely proportional to the
frequency. When the frequency increases the flux decreases. Therefore the torque reduces.

3. Compare the degree of speed controllability with frequency control and voltage control.
With the voltage control

The plotted rotor speed (Nr) vs. inverter output voltage (Vs) graph shows that the rotor
speed increases with the increase of the voltage in non-linear way for a constant load.
Motor cannot be operated above the rated speed because the motor has reached its rated
voltage at rated speed.
Starting torque and maximum toque reduces as the voltage reduces.
Slip at the maximum torque remains same for all the different voltages.
With the frequency control

The plotted rotor speed (Nr) vs. inverter frequency graph shows that the rotor speed
increases with the increase of the frequency in linear way for constant loads.

Allows the motor to operate below and above the base speed, typically up to twice the
base speed.

At higher frequencies the output torque reduces as the air gap flux reduces with the
increase of frequency.

At lower frequencies also, the torque and voltage are low. To overcome this voltage
boosting is done.

4. Comment on the motor voltage and current wave forms.

Considering the above snap taken during the practical, it can be noted that the periodic time is
25ms since the oscilloscope is set to 5 ms/div. Therefore the frequency is 40Hz.
The stepped waveform is the voltage waveform and the steps are because of we generated it
from a six step voltage source inverter. The spikes at the rising and falling edges of the voltage
waveform may be due to switching of thyristors.
The current input is a 40Hz AC highly distorted waveform due to the harmonics.
5. Outline the salient features of control circuit giving reason for the use of different
potentiometers.

VR1 and VR2 are two potentiometers present in the slow-up/slow-down circuit, where they are
used to vary the rate of change of speed input signal. In this section, sharp edges, noise, voltage
spikes are eliminated.

VR1 at the N-1 amplifier circuit is used to adjust the voltage feedback ratio. The signal is then
sent through the VR2 potentiometer which adjusts the control signal transient and compared with
the current feedback from the output of the converter which is sent through VR3.
VR3 at the N-1 amplifier circuit is used to adjust the current feedback ratio. The importance of
adjusting the current feedback signal is for stability reasons and protection purposes.
VR5 is used to adjust the final signal range before feeding to the comparator. By adjusting these
potentiometers the dc output of the converter can be differentiated without varying the frequency.