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12 (2003),
35 - 42
1
sin2 A 1 + tg2
and
R
=
r
A
2
A
2 sin
2
(1)
(2)
A
(sin B sin C)2 sin A tg
2
1
BC
A
cos
sin
2
2
(3)
B C
From A = (B + C), results
=
+
, hence
2
2
2
2
B C
A
B C
1
=
tg
= tg
+
= ctg
+
=
2
2
2
2
2
2
B C
tg
+
2
2
B
C
r
r
tg
1
(p b)(p c) r2
2
2
pb pc
=
.
=
B
C
r
r
ar
tg + tg
+
2
2
pb pc
1 tg
=
36
A
A
Thus r2 +ar tg = (pb)(pc), is equivalent to 4r2 +4ar tg = a2 (bc)2 ,
2
2
2
A
A
or 2r + a tg
= a2 1 + tg2
(b c)2 . Because a > |b c|, results
2
2
A
2
2
a 1 + tg
(b c)2 > 0 and so from the relation above we get (1).
2
Identity (2) can be obtained from (1) by changing sides a, b, c in the sinus
theorem. Relation (3) results from (2) after calculations.
Proposition 2. In any ABC triangle take place the following inequalities:
A
a 1 sin
2
(4)
r
A
2 cos
2
R
(5)
A
A
2 sin
1 sin
2
2
a
A
r tg
(6)
2
4
4
R
1
(7)
r
A
sin A tg
4
4
Equality in any of the inequalities (4) (7) can be obtained if and only if
B = C.
s
!
1
A
A
Proof. From (1) we have r
a2 1 + tg2
a tg
and so we get
2
2
2
(4) and then (5).
a cos2
r
A
A
a cos sin
4
4
,
=
A
A
2 cos + sin
4
4
, we have
2
R p
2 + 1 (Emmerichs inequality)
(8)
2
and equality can be obtained if and only if ABC is an isosceles triangle.
37
.
2
b =
Proof. We obtain it out of (5) or (7) because (A)
(9)
(10)
(11)
x (0, ) .
We have that
f 0 (x) =
1
q
2
a2 x
2
a ,
x (0, ) .
a (1 + x ) (b c)
q
0
From f (x) = 0,results ax = a2 (1 + x2 ) (b c)2 ,which is equivalent to
a2 (b c)2 = 0, equality that no longer takes place because a > |b c|.
Since f 0 (x) 6= 0, x (0, ), results that f 0 is a constant
sign on (0, ).
q
1
2
2
We have the variation chart in figure 1. f (1) =
2a (b c) a ,
2
f 0 (x)
f (x)
1
1
2
q
2
a2(bc)
f (1)
.
2
38
1
2 sin2 A (sin B sin C)2 sin A
R
q
r
if and only if
b
(A)
(12)
if and only if
b
(A)
(13)
1
2 sin2 A (sin B sin C)2 sin A
R
=q
r
if and only if
b =
(A)
.
2
(14)
Proof. By changing a = 2R sin A and the analogous, in relations from Proposition 3 we get Proposition 4.
Observation 3. Relations (12)-(14) can be found in [2].
Proposition 5. In any ABC triangle we have
R
q
r
1
A
2
b
(A)
2
1
p
A
sin A
2 tg
2
if and only if
and
b
(A)
B = C . (15)
.
2
(16)
Proof. Inequality (15) can be obtained from inequality (2.). Inequality (16)
can be obtained from (15) considering that (sin B sin C)2 0.
Corollary 2. In any kind of ABC triangle takes place the relation
1
1
R
p
r
A
A
A
sin A
2 tg
2 sin
1 sin
2
2
2
if
b
(A)
.
2
b
if (A)
.
2
(17)
39
p
A
A
A
We have sin A
2 tg
2 sin
1 sin
, equivalent to
2
2
2
A
A p
A
A
A
2 cos sin
2 sin
1 sin
, equivalent to
2 sin
2
2
2
2
2
q
2
A
A
b .
cos
, equivalent to
, hence (A)
2
2
2
4
2
s
2
A
1 + tg
2
2
A
2
(18)
A
(b c) + a tg
2
(19)
and
R
=s
ra
1
A
sin2 A 1 + tg2
2
R
=
ra
2 sin
A
2
(20)
A
(sin B sin C)2 + sin A tg
2
1
BC
A
cos
+ sin
2
2
(21)
s
s
and ra =
. We obtain
p
pa
relation (19)from relations (1) and (18). Identity (20) can be obtained from
(19) by changing sides a, b, c in sine theorem. Identity (21) can be obtained
from identity (20).
ra
1
A
A
2 sin
1 + sin
2
2
a
A
ra = tg
+
2
4
4
R
ra
1
sin A tg
A
+
4
4
(22)
(23)
(24)
and equality in any of (22) (24) inequalities can be obtained if and only if
B = C.
40
BC
1, from relation (21) results (22).
2s
!
A
1
A
From (19) results that ra
a2 1 + tg2
+ a tg
is equivalent
2
2
2
A
a 1 + sin
2
to ra
. Similar to proving inequalities (6) and (7), we
A
2 cos
2
obtain inequalities (23) and (24).
Proof. Considering 0 cos
b =
Corollary 3. In the ABC triangle, (A)
we have
2
p
R
21
(25)
ra
and equality can be obtained if and only if ABC is a right isosceles triangle.
b =
Proof. It can be obtained from inequalities (22) or (24) for (A)
b =
Corollary 4. In the ABC triangle, (A)
.
2
, takes place
2
R 2 r ra
(26)
b = .
ra = p if and only if (A)
2
Proof. Considering the function f : (0, ) R,
q
1
2
2
2
a (1 + x ) (b c) + ax , x (0, ) .
f (x) =
2
We know that
f 0 (x) = q
a2 x
+ a > 0,
a2 (1 + x2 ) (b c)2
x (0, )
(27)
(28)
(29)
41
f 0 (x)
+
:
f (x)
a2 (b c)2
f (1)
f (1) =
1
2
q
2a2 (b c)2 + a ,
1
2 sin2 A (sin B sin C)2 + sin A
R
q
ra
if and only if
b
(A)
(30)
if and only if
b
(A)
(31)
1
2 sin2 A (sin B sin C)2 + sin A
R
=q
ra
b =
(A)
. (32)
2
1
21
21
q
sin A
2 sin2 A (sin b sin c)2 + sin A
R
b
if A
ra
2
(33)
42
Proof. Inequality
21
21
is true.
sin A
21
1
1
and we also take into
p
=
=
p
sin
A
2
sin A
2+1
2 sin A + sin A
account (30).
Observation 4. We obtain Corollary 3 from Corollary 5.
References
[1] Arslanagic S., Milosevic D., Two inequalities for any right triangle, Octogon Mathematical Magazine, 9, No. 1, April 2001, pp. 402-406
[2] Dinc
a M., Bencze M., A rafinement of Eulers and Emmerichs inequalities, Octogon
Mathematical Magazine, 10, No. 1, April 2002, pp. 320-321
[3] S
andor J., On Emmerichs inequality, Octogon Mathematical Magazine, 9, No. 2,
October 2001, pp. 861-864
[4] S
andor J., On Emmerichs inequality, Octogon Mathematical Magazine, 10, No. 2,
October 2002, pp. 729-730
Ovidiu T. Pop
Colegiul Nat
ional Mihai Eminescu
Mihai Eminescu 5, 440014 Satu Mare
Romania
E-mail address: ovidiutiberiu@yahoo.com
Constantin Voicu
Grigore Moisil
S
coala generala
Mileniului 1, 440037 Satu Mare
Romania
E-mail address: ctvoicu@yahoo.com